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IOActive测试了世界上最著名的一些机器人，发现了一些可被黑客利用的缺陷，有可能被用来造成身体伤害或让某些活动停止。
测试中可能遇到的词汇和知识：
vulnerable易受攻击的['vʌln(ə)rəb(ə)l]
specialize专门研究['speʃəlaɪz]
so-called所谓的；号称的[,səʊ'kɔ:ld]
stall停止，停转；拖延[stɔːl]
ransomware勒索软件
countermeasure对策；反措施['kaʊntəmeʒə]
阅读马上开始，建议您计算一下阅读整篇文章所用的时间，对照下方的参考值就可以评估出您的英文阅读水平。
The world’s best-known robots are at risk of spying on their users,revealing trade secrets or even being taken over and used in physical fights,according to security experts who warn that the devices are vulnerable to cyber attack.
IOActive,a cyber security company,tested 50 robots — including SoftBank Robotics’childlike Pepper robot and Rethink Robotics’industrial Baxter robot — and discovered weaknesses that would allow a hacker to manipulate arms and legs and take over microphones and cameras.
As more robots replace humans in jobs from construction sites to hospitals,with Pepper already being used in stores and homes and Baxter deployed on assembly lines and to control machines,the impact of a potential cyber attack increases. Spending on robots and related services is set to double to $188bn in 2020,according to data from research firm IDC.
Cesar Cerrudo,chief technology officer for IOActive Labs,which specialises in hunting for flaws in so-called Internet of Things devices,said he was concerned that robots were being connected to the internet with no thought for cyber security.
“Once the robots start to be in every home and many businesses,the motivation to attack them will increase exponentially,”he said.“Since they can move around their surroundings,especially industrial robots,they use a lot of power and can be programmed to do very dangerous movements in real time.”
While it found no evidence yet of any cyber attacks on robots,Mr Cerrudo warned that they could be used to cause physical harm or to stall operations.
He said that if one of the flaws that he discovered was used to infect a robot with ransomware,malicious software that shuts down a computer until its recipient pays a ransom,it could damage operations.
“If they start replacing workers with robots,it will be as if someone hacked the company’s employees,”he said.
IOActive,which has informed robot manufacturers of the flaws,also found serious cyber security problems in robots from other companies including Ubtech Robotics,Robotis,Universal Robots and Sartec Corp.
Universal Robots said it was aware of IOActive’s report and was“investigating the potential vulnerability described and potential countermeasures”. Rethink Robotics said that two of the items noted by IOActive were“intentional design features for the research and education version of Rethink’s robots only”. The other items noted by IOActive were“already known to us and addressed in Rethink’s latest software release.”
The researchers probed the mobile applications,operating systems and associated software that run the physical robots,and discovered that many key services did not have username and password authentication,making it easy for anyone to control the robot remotely.
Another common problem was weak data protection,either using no encryption or not implementing it correctly,which could be a problem when robots have access to personal or financial data.
请根据你所读到的文章内容，完成以下自测题目：
A.50
B.60
C.100
D.130
答案 (1)
A.Xiaodu
B.Baxter robot
C.Pepper
D.Universal Robot
答案 (2)
A.fixing the vulnerabilities about cyber security
B.hunting for flaws in Internet of Things devices
C.ehunting for advantage in Internet of Things devices
D.innovating the Internet of Things devices
答案 (3)
A.robot users
B.robot manufacturers
C.robot scientists
D.government
答案 (4)
(1) 答案：A.50解释：网络安全公司IOActive测试了50台机器人，包括软银机器人(SoftBank Robotics)生产的孩子模样的Pepper，以及Rethink Robotics的工业机器人Baxter。
(2) 答案：C.Pepper解释：Pepper已被用在商店和家庭，Baxter被用在装配线上。
(3) 答案：B.hunting for flaws in Internet of Things devices解释：文章提到IOActive LabsIOActive专门致力于寻找物联网设备的缺陷。
(4) 答案：B.robot manufacturers解释：IOActive已把这些缺陷通报给了机器人生产商。