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河南的十四名老年女性近日被法院判刑，她们被当地媒体称作“奶奶黑帮”。这十四人组成的团伙长期以来利用种种极端手段为当地的一家收债机构讨债。目前，中国正在加大力度整治民间借贷乱象。
测试中可能遇到的词汇和知识：
rove漂泊，漫游[rəʊv]
gang队，群，帮[ɡæŋ]
cajole哄骗[kə'dʒəʊl]
tactic战略，策略['tæktɪk]
harass扰乱，骚扰['hærəs]
collateral附属担保物[kə'lætərəl]
阅读马上开始，建议您计算一下阅读整篇文章所用的时间，对照下方的参考值就可以评估出您的英文阅读水平。
A Chinese court has sentenced 14 members of a roving band of elderly female debt collectors to as many as 11 years in jail, in the latest sign of the country's clampdown on informal channels of lending.
A court in the mountainous province of Henan this week found that members of the “granny gang”, as local media dubbed them, used loudspeakers to publicly cajole and intimidate borrowers into paying up.
The women, aged 50 to 70, were found guilty of engaging in “provocative and disturbing behaviour” that resembled “participating in gangster-like organisations”.
The women were largely unemployed and looking for work when local debt-collection agencies recruited them at outdoor dancing classes in 2013. In return for helping secure loan repayments, the “grannies” received Rmb200 ($30) per day as well as meals.
“I had nothing to do every day. When I was asked to help, I did it as a kind of fun,” Gao Yun, one of the women, told a local newspaper.
The grannies employed a variety of tactics, including hitting and spitting at borrowers. A more common method was to give debtors an aggressive verbal dressing down until they handed over the money.
On their most recalcitrant targets, the women took more creative measures. In one 2015 incident, eight of the women began stripping to intimidate male borrowers to pay up, according to an interview that a debtor surnamed Zhao gave to local media.
“Loan sharks use these methods frequently: harassing a person, encircling them, going to their workplace and not leaving,” said Han Chuanhua, a lawyer at Beijing's Zhongzhi Law Office. “Using grannies or elderly people is just one of the ways I have seen loan sharks do this to collect debts.”
The case of the granny gang is the latest in a string of lurid incidents over debt collection in China.
Central bank statistics show that non-bank lending is one of the fastest-growing forms of credit in the country. Because China lacks a uniform credit system — making access to financing difficult — borrowers often turn to an informal network of shadow banks for loans that can carry interest rates as high as 10 to 15 per cent per month.
However, shadow lenders do not have legal recourse to recover loans, meaning collectors sometimes turn to unorthodox and even violent tactics to press borrowers into repaying. China's economic boom was in part financed by high-interest credit, but growing defaults on debt are now exposing the darker side of such financing.
In February, a 23-year-old man was sentenced to life in prison after killing a debt collector and wounding three others after they assaulted his mother. The case fuelled public outrage over the aggressive methods of loan sharks.
请根据你所读到的文章内容，完成以下自测题目：
A.in a nursing home in Henan.
B.by an illegal local private bank.
C.at outdoor dancing classes.
D.because they sorely needed money.
答案 (1)
A.using loudspeakers to publicly cajole.
B.kidnapping debtors until they handed over the money.
C.asking female borrowers to submit nude selfies as collateral.
D.giving debtors an aggressive verbal dressing down.
答案 (2)
A.The lack of uniform credit system makes access to financing difficult.
B.The inadequate legal and business services in state-owned banks.
C.The relatively low interest rates in illegal private banks.
D.The pervasive financial crisis in small businesses.
答案 (3)
A.A person or body who offers loans without without holding relevant authorisation.
B.A person or group who collect debts by physical harassing and verbal dressing down.
C.A person or body who borrowed money from non-bank financial institutions.
D.A person who is forced to submit nude selfies to loan shark as collateral.
答案 (4)
(1) 答案：C.at outdoor dancing classes.解释：这些女性在室外舞蹈课程上被当地的一家收债机构聘用。
(2) 答案：D.giving debtors an aggressive verbal dressing down.解释：这群老奶奶会运用种种手段，包括对借贷者殴打和吐口水，更为常见的是言词猛烈地大骂他们一顿。
(3) 答案：A.The lack of uniform credit system makes access to financing difficult.解释：央行公布的数据显示非银行贷款是中国增长最快的信贷模式之一，因为中国缺少统一的信用制度，让借贷变得十分困难。
(4) 答案：A.A person or body who offers loans without without holding relevant authorisation.解释：影子贷款人并没有追回贷款的合法追索权。