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数据是新时代的石油，Facebook最大的资产就是庞大的用户数据，既然如此，作为用户的我们理应得到回馈。如果科技发展在未来造成严重的失业问题，那么科技公司就应承担起提供全民基本收入的责任。阿拉斯加的案例可以给我们带来启发。
测试中可能遇到的词汇和知识：
enshrine奉祀，铭记[ɪn'ʃraɪn]
radical激进的，彻底的['rædɪkl]
utopian乌托邦的，梦想的[juː'təʊpiən]
encapsulated封进内部，压缩[ɪn'kæpsjuleɪt]
incipient起初的，初期的[ɪn'sɪpiənt]
dividend红利，股息['dɪvɪdend]
bonanza富矿，富源[bə'nænzə]
philanthropic博爱的，慈善的[ˌfɪlən'θrɒpɪk]
阅读马上开始，建议您计算一下阅读整篇文章所用的时间，对照下方的参考值就可以评估出您的英文阅读水平。
The idea of guaranteeing a basic income for everybody has many obvious flaws but one overwhelming virtue. It enshrines the principle that every citizen is a valued member of society and has a right to share in its collective wealth.
That conviction has animated radical thinkers for 500 years since the argument was first sketched out in Sir Thomas More's Utopia. The idea has gained renewed resonance in our own times as we fret about the erosion of living standards, the concentration of wealth and the possible threat of mass unemployment caused by technological change.
But for half a millennium universal basic income has remained little more than a utopian dream because it has always crashed up against the rocks of reality. The chief objections are ones of principle and practicality, encapsulated in two questions.
Why should people be paid to do nothing? And how could we possibly afford it?
Yet it is possible to design a basic income scheme that retains its main attractions while minimising its flaws. By default, a good working model has been operating in Alaska for more than 30 years.
In 1976 Alaska's voters approved a constitutional amendment to create a permanent investment fund, financed by revenues from the state's incipient oil boom. A few years later, the Alaska Permanent Fund began paying out a dividend to every registered resident. Depending on the fund's performance, the annual payout has ranged from $878 to $2,072 a head over the past decade.
The scheme has not led to mass indolence, as the critics of basic income fear. The clue lies in the adjective — basic. The scheme, which has commanded bipartisan support, has also proved increasingly popular and been described as the “third rail” of state politics because it electrocutes any politician who touches it. In a recent telephone survey, Alaskans described the fund's top three advantages as being its equality of treatment, its fairness of distribution and its assistance to struggling families. Some 58 per cent of respondents said they would even be prepared to pay more state taxes to preserve the fund, although Alaska has been knocked by lower oil prices.
Alaska does not rank among the richest of US states in terms of gross domestic product per head. Yet, partly as a result of its annual dividend, it is one of the most economically equal states and has one of the lowest poverty rates.
Last month, Mark Zuckerberg, chief executive of Facebook, visited Alaska and praised the state's social programmes saying they provided “some good lessons for the rest of the country”.
Like other Silicon Valley entrepreneurs, Mr Zuckerberg believes that thousands of jobs are going to be swept away by new technologies, such as driverless cars. In such a world, he says, we need to invent a new social contract. Basic income could be part of the answer.
Some argue that Alaska is a special case as it has just distributed the fruits of an oil bonanza. But it may be possible to find other sources of revenue to fund similar schemes elsewhere. There is one other potential source of revenue that Mr Zuckerberg knows all about: data. If, as the saying goes, data are the new oil then we may have found a 21st-century revenue stream. Data could do for the world what oil has done for Alaska.
The most valuable asset that Facebook possesses is the data that its users, often unwittingly, hand over for free before they are in effect sold to advertisers. It seems only fair that Facebook makes a bigger social contribution for profiting from this massively valuable, collectively generated resource.
His shareholders would hate the idea. But from Facebook's earliest years, Mr Zuckerberg has said his purpose has been to make an impact rather than build a company. Besides, such a philanthropic gesture might even prove to be the marketing coup of the century. Facebook users could continue to swap cat pictures knowing that every click was contributing to a greater social good.
Such a data-for-basic income swap is simple and clear. It should appeal to the solutionist mindset of Silicon Valley. Many tech entrepreneurs are suspicious of government intervention. But there is no rule to say that only governments can be in the wealth redistribution business.
“We should explore ideas like universal basic income to give everyone a cushion to try new things,” Mr Zuckerberg told Harvard graduates in his Commencement address in May.
Quite right, Mark. Give it a go.
请根据你所读到的文章内容，完成以下自测题目：
A.Because the progress of technology has taken thousands of jobs away.
B.Because tech companies like facebook is eroding our living standards.
C.Because the boost of economy has made us rich enough to afford universal basic income.
D.Because we are facing the threat of shrinking personal wealth and possible mass unemployment.
答案 (1)
A.It was financed by revenues from the state's incipient oil boom.
B.It pays out a dividend monthly to every registered resident in Alaska.
C.Alaska has one of the lowest poverty rates partly thanks to the fund.
D.It is increasingly popular in Alaska and no politician can touch it.
答案 (2)
A.Because technological advances could bring about the threat of mass unemployment.
B.Because data science is going to boost our economy to an unprecedented level.
C.Because the growing gulf between rich and poor is the biggest threat to our economy.
D.Because technology companies have the responsibility to make an impact on our society.
答案 (3)
A.It should be illegal for tech companies to collect user's data for free.
B.Data is the only usable sources of revenue to fund basic income scheme.
C.The user's data is the most valuable asset for many tech companies.
D.A Facebook Permanent Fund can eventually generate huge profit for Facebook.
答案 (4)
(1) 答案：D.Because we are facing the threat of shrinking personal wealth and possible mass unemployment.解释：由于面对着生活水准下降、财富渐渐集中到少数人手中，以及科技发展可能造成的大规模失业的问题，社会基本收入的概念如今再次变得流行。
(2) 答案：B.It pays out a dividend monthly to every registered resident in Alaska.解释：阿拉斯加永久基金每年给都会给阿拉斯加的每个登记在案的居民分红。
(3) 答案：A.Because technological advances could bring about the threat of mass unemployment.解释：扎克伯格相信新科技将会导致成千上万的工作消失，我们需要创造新的社会契约来面对这一问题。
(4) 答案：C.The user's data is the most valuable asset for many tech companies.解释：作者相信，数据就是新时代的石油，用户的数据是Facebook等公司最大的资产。