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icon[ˈaikɒn]
n ．偶像
definition[ˌdefiˈniʃn]
n ．定义，释义
distinguish[diˈstiŋɡwiʃ]
vt ．区别，使杰出
achievement[əˈtʃiːvmənt]
n ．成就，完成
courage[ˈkɜːridʒ]
n ．勇气，胆量
recognize[ˈrekəɡnaiz]
vt ．赞赏，认出，意识到
sacrifice[ˈsækrifais]
n ．牺牲，祭品 vt ．牺牲，做祭祀
consciousness[ˈkɒnʃəsnəs]
n ．意识，知觉
development[diˈveləpmənt]
n ．发展，变化
admire[ədˈmaiər]
vt ．钦佩，赞赏，仰慕
heroism[ˈheroʊizəm]
n ．英雄主义
artifact（artefact）[ˈɑːrtifækt]
n ．手工艺品
maintain[meinˈtein]
vt ．保持，主张
essential[iˈsenʃl]
a ．必要的，本质的 n ．必需品，要点
ease[iːz]
vt ．& vi ．缓解，减轻 n ．舒适，自在
celebrity[səˈlebrəti]
n ．名人，名声
legendary[ˈledʒəndri]
a ．非常著名的，传奇的
mythic[ˈmiθik]
a ．神话的，虚构的
renounce[riˈnaʊns]
vt ．放弃，中止
throne[θrəʊn]
n ．王权，皇位
confirm[kənˈfɜːm]
vt ．证实，确定
tragic[ˈtrædʒik]
a ．悲剧的，凄惨的
by definition 根据定义
be recognized for... 因……被认可
as well as 和，也
come by 设法得到
at peace 处于和平
continue to do sth. 继续做某事
manage to do sth>. 设法做某事
in part 某种程度上
for instance 例如
at the moment... 在……的时候
with the help of... 在……的帮助下
nothing more than 无非是，仅仅，只不过
1 By definition,heroes and heroines are men and women distinguished by uncommon courage,achievements,and self-sacrifice made most for the benefits of others—they are people against whom we measure others.They are men and women recognized for shaping our nation's consciousness and development as well as the lives of those who admire them.
2 Yet,some people say that ours is an age where true heroes and heroines are hard to come by,where the very idea ofheroism is something beyond us—an artifact of the past.Some maintain,that because the Cold War is over and because America is at peace,our age is essentially an unheroic one.Furthermore,the overall crime rate is down,poverty has been eased by a strong and growing economy,and advances continue to be made in medical science.
3 Cultural icons are hard to define,but we know them when we see them.They are people who manage to go beyond celebrity,who are legendary,who somehow manage to become mythic.But what makes some figures icons and others mere celebrities?That's hard to answer.In part,their lives have the quality of a story to tell.For instance,the beautiful young Diana Spencer who at 19 married a prince,renounced marriage and the throne,and died at the moment she found true love.Good looks certainly help.So does a special indefinable charm,with the help of the media.But nothing confirms an icon more than a tragic death—such as Martin Luther King,John F.Kennedy,and Princess Diana.
Decide whether the statements are true or false according to the text.
（1）The passage mainly deals with life and death.
（2）Heroes and heroines are usually courageous.
（3）Heroes and heroines can only emerge in war times.
（4）Beautiful young Diana Spencer found her genuine love just before her death.
（5）Tragic and early death are likely to set an icon's status.
（1）—Oh,dear!I've just broken a window.
—Don't worry.
（2）—Good evening,Professor Hardy.
—Good evening,John.Come in,please.
—Thank you,I hope I am not interrupting you.
—No,not at all.
（3）—I'm afraid I can't go to your party,I have an important exam tomorrow.
—What a pity!
（4）—I can't repair your recorder until tomorrow,I'm afraid.
—That's OK,there's no problem.
（5）—I do apologize for not being able to attend your birthday party.
—Don't worry.
状语从句在句子中起副词作用，修饰主句中的动词、形容词、副词、介词短语或整个句子。
1．时间状语从句
时间状语从句主要由after、since、till、until、when、while、once、as soon as、every time、no soon...than、directly、immediately、by the time等连词引导。
A．从句的动作可以先于主句的动作发生。如：
After/when he had finished his homework,he played the game.他做完作业才去玩游戏。
When I had put the cat out,I locked the door and went to bed.我把那只猫放出去之后，就锁上门睡觉了。
B．从句的动作也可以后于主句的动作发生。如：
I dislike her until I got to know her.直到我渐渐了解她，我才开始喜欢她。
He almost knocked me down before he saw me.他几乎把我撞倒才看到我。C．从句的动作可以与主句的动作同时发生。如：
Strike while the iron is hot.趁热打铁。
“I'll call you at seven.”he said as he left out.“我七点钟给你打电话。”他边说边往外走。
2．地点状语从句
引导地点状语从句的连词有where和wherever。where引导的从句指“在某个地点”;wherever引导的从句指“在任何一个地方”, 比where 引导的从句的语气更强。如：
Where I live has plenty of trees.我住的地方树很多。
Wherever I am I will be thinking of you.不管我在哪里我都会想到你。
3．结果状语从句
“so...that...”（如此……以至于……）是典型的结果状语从句句型。除此之外，还有“such...that...”等其他连接词可以引导。如：
She was so tired that she couldn't think straight.她累得昏头昏脑。
It was such a wonderful film that we were all deeply moved.那电影很精彩，我们都深受感动。
4．让步状语从句
让步状语从句常由（even）though、although、no matter、even if、however、whatever、no matter...、granted that等词引导。如：
Though she gave no sign,I was sure she had seen me.尽管她没有示意，我还是确信她看见了我。
However carefully I explained,she still didn't understand.无论我解释得多么仔细，她还是没弄懂。
There are 10 incomplete sentences in this part.For each sentence there are four choices marked A,B,C and D．Choose the one that BEST completes the sentence.
（1）He got excited at the news, _____ I was calm.
A．when
B．while
C．because
D．after
（2）—Shall Brown come and play computer games?
—No,______he has finished his homework.
A．when
B．if
C．unless
D．once
（3）______you try,you will never succeed.
A．If
B．Until
C．Since
D．Unless
（4）Hardly had he arrived in Hongkong _____ she rang me up.
A．when
B．than
C．that
D．and
（5）______they heard the shout for help,they rushed out.
A．Immediately
B．The moment
C．The while
D．All the above
（6）______,he never seems able to do the work beautifully.
A．Try as he does
B．As he tries
C．Try as does he
D．As he does try
（7）—The air is full of smoke and people are coughing.
—It will get worse_____the government does something about the pollution.
A．but
B．unless
C．except
D．if
（8）If______,I would have gone with him.
A．had he told me
B．he had told me
C．he has told me
D．he would tell me
（9）—Alice is moving to her new apartment next Saturday.
—I'll be glad to help her,______need some help.
A．should she
B．if she will
C．if she
D．if she might
（10）I came_____I heard the news.
A．until
B．as soon as
C．immediately
D．B and C
Fill in each of the blanks in the following sentences with a suitable word given below.
（1）It remained an exceptionally rare book_____it was reprinted in 1918.
（2）Gaelic has been a dying language for many years,_____children are nowadays taught it in school.
（3）Though______quite large,the population of the bald eagle across North America has drastically declined in the past forty years.
（4）_____you're not satisfied with the life you're living,don't just complain.Do something about it.
（5）Sometimes patients are more depressed six months later_____when they first hear the bad news.
（6）Women are doing the job well.This is partly_____women are increasingly moving into a man's world.
（7）They were grinning and watching_____one man laughed and poured beer over the head of another.
（8）I've earned my own living_____I was seven,doing all kinds ofjobs.
（9）_____we have covered the whole chapter we may have a discussion next time we meet.
（10）Marina cared for him______he seriously injured his eye several years ago.