Text 4 |
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1. It never rains but it pours.
译 文: 不雨则已,雨必倾盆。
讲 解: 该句由but并列连接两个简单句。
2. Just as bosses and boards have finally sorted out their worst accounting and compliance troubles, and improved their feeble corporation governance, a new problem threatens to earn them—especially in America—the sort of nasty headlines that inevitably lead to heads rolling in the executive suite: data insecurity.
译 文: 就在企业老板和董事终于解决了最棘手的财务和违规问题,改善公司脆弱的管理机制后,一个新的问题出现了,即信息安全问题——尤其在美国,这会让他们登上令人不快的头条新闻,这难免会使一些企业高管饭碗不保。
讲 解: 该句是复合句,主句部分由主谓宾结构构成,句首连词as引导时间状语从句,句中that引导定语从句,修饰先行词headlines,句末data insecurity为同位语,解释说明主语a new problem。第二层时间状语从句由and并列连接两个谓宾结构。第三层定语从句由主谓宾结构构成。
词 汇: compliance [kəm’plaɪəns] n. 遵从,依从
headline [‘hedlaɪn] n. [常作复数]头版头条新闻
feeble [‘fiːb(ə)l ] a. 薄弱的
rolling [‘rəʊlɪŋ] a. 变动的
nasty [‘nɑːstɪ] a. 令人不愉快的,讨厌的
3. Left, until now, to odd, low-level IT staff to put right, and seen as a concern only of data-rich industries such as banking, telecoms and air travel, information protection is now high on the boss’s agenda in businesses of every variety.
译 文: 迄今为止,信息保护都是留给那些临时的、低级的IT职员们处理的工作,只是在诸如银行、电信、航空这类拥有大量数据的行业受到关注,而现在却是各行各业老板重点关注的问题。
讲 解: 该句是简单句,主干部分由主系表结构构成,句首两个非谓语动词短语“left to odd...”和“seen as...”作并列状语。
词 汇: telecom [‘telɪkɒm] n. 电信
be on the one’s agenda在议事日程上
4. Several massive leakages of customer and employee data this year—from organizations as diverse as Time Warner, the American defense contractor Science Applications International Corp and even the University of California, Berkeley—have left managers hurriedly peering into their intricate IT systems and business processes in search of potential vulnerabilities.
译 文: 今年发生了好几起重大客户和雇员资料泄露的事件:涉及多个机构,包括时代华纳公司、国际科学应用集团(美国国防工程承包人),甚至还涉及加州大学伯克利分校。这使管理者不得不匆忙地检查复杂的IT系统和商业程序,以便找出潜在的缺陷。
讲 解: 该句是简单句,主干部分由主谓宾宾补结构构成,句中现在分词短语peering into ...作宾语补足语。
词 汇: leakage[‘li:kidʒ] n. 泄露
intricate [‘ɪntrɪkət] a. 复杂精细的
contractor [kən’træktə] n. 承包商
vulnerability [ˌvʌlnərə’bɪlətɪ] n. 脆弱(性)
peer[pɪə] v. 仔细看
5. “Data is becoming an asset which needs to be guarded as much as any other asset,” says Haim Mendelson of Stanford University’s business school. “The ability to guard customer data is the key to market value, which the board is responsible for on behalf of shareholders.”
译 文: “数据正在成为一种资产,需要像任何其他资产一样受到保护”,斯坦福大学商学院的哈姆·门德尔松(Haim Mendelson)说道,“保护客户数据的能力是市场价值的关键,董事会应该代表股东负责。”
讲 解: 该句是复合句。主句由主谓宾结构构成,宾语部分为两个直接引语,即宾语从句。第二层宾语从句主干由主谓宾结构构成,其中which引导的定语从句修饰asset。第三层定语从句由主谓宾结构构成。第四层宾语从句由主系表结构构成,其中to guard customer data为动词不定式作后置定语,修饰the ability。第五层非限制性定语从句由主系表结构构成,关系代词which作从句中介词for的宾语。
词 汇: on behalf of 代表
shareholder [‘ʃeəhəʊldə] n. 股东
6. Indeed, just as there is the concept of Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP), perhaps it is time for GASP, Generally Accepted Security Practices, suggested Eli Noam of New York’s Columbia Business School.
译 文: 的确,纽约哥伦比亚商学院的埃尼·诺姆(Eli Noam)建议,正如“公认会计准则(GAAP)”一样,也许现在该是有一个“公认安全规范”(GASP)的时候了。
讲 解: 该句是复合句,主句由主谓宾结构构成。第二层宾语从句的主干部分是主系表结构,从句中连词as引导方式状语从句,Generally Accepted Security Practices为同位语,解释说明缩略词GASP。第三层方式状语从句是there be 句型。
7. “Setting the proper investment level for security, redundancy, and recovery is a management issue, not a technical one,” he says.
译 文: 他说,“为信息安全、数据备份以及数据恢复制定合适的投资标准是一个管理问题,而不是技术问题。”
讲 解: 该句主干由主谓宾结构构成,宾语部分是直接引语,即宾语从句。第二层宾语从句由主系表结构构成。
词 汇: redundancy [rɪ’dʌnd(ə)nsɪ] n. 重复,冗长
technical [‘teknɪk(ə)l] a. 技术的
8. The mystery is that this should come as a surprise to any boss.
译 文: 令人感到神秘的是,保护信息安全对任何一个老板来说竟然出乎意料。
讲 解: 该句主干是主系表结构,that引导表语从句。第二层表语从句由主谓结构构成,介词as短语作状语。
9. Surely it should be obvious to the dimmest executive that trust, that most valuable of economic assets, is easily
destroyed and hugely expensive to restore—and that few things are more likely to destroy trust than a company letting sensitive personal data get into the wrong hands.
译 文: 即便最迟钝的高管都应当清楚,信任是最有价值的经济资产,很容易被破坏,并且恢复成本非常高昂,而且最有可能摧毁公司诚信的事情,莫过于一个公司使敏感的个人数据落入到别有用心的人手中。
讲 解: 该句主干由主系表结构构成,句中it作形式主语,真正的主语为that引导的主语从句1和主语从句2。第二层主语从句由并列连词and连接谓语is destroyed和表语expensive。第三层主语从句的主干是主系表结构,从句中than引导比较状语,“than a company letting...data get into...”不是从句,而是短语。
词 汇: dim [dɪm] a. 迟钝的
sensitive [‘sensɪtɪv] a. 敏感的
restore [rɪ’stɔː] v. 恢复,修复
10. The current state of affairs may have been encouraged—though not justified—by the lack of legal penalty (in America, but not Europe) for data leakage.
译 文: 由于(在美国而非欧洲)缺乏对数据泄露行为的法律处罚,这可能助长这类情况的发生(尽管不是正当理由)。
讲 解: 该句是简单句,由主谓结构构成,句中though not justified为插入语。
词 汇: justify [‘dʒʌstɪfaɪ] v. 证明
penalty ['penəlti] n. 罚款,罚金
11. Until California recently passed a law, American firms did not have to tell anyone, even the victim, when data went astray.
译 文: 直到最近,加利福尼亚州通过了一个信息安全法案,在此之前,美国企业不需要告知任何人,甚至包括受害者,信息是何时泄露的。
讲 解: 该句是复合句,主句是“主+谓+间宾+直宾”结构(sb. did not tell sb. sth.),句首until引导时间状语从句,句中anyone是谓语tell的间接宾语,when引导的从句是谓语动词tell的直接宾语。第二层时间状语从句由主谓宾结构构成。第三层宾语从句是主谓结构。
词 汇: victim [‘viktim] n. 受害者
astray [ə'streɪ] ad. 误入歧途地;迷途地
12. That may change fast: lots of proposed data-security legislation is now doing the rounds in Washington, D.C.
译 文: 这种情况很快就会改变,许多信息安全法提议案在华盛顿特区讨论。
讲 解: 该句主干由主谓结构构成,冒号后的内容解释说明前句,它是主谓宾结构。
词 汇: propose [prə’pəʊz] v. 提议,建议
legislation [ledʒɪs’leɪʃ(ə)n] n. 法规
13. Meanwhile, the theft of information about some 40 million credit-card accounts in America, disclosed on June 17th, overshadowed a hugely important decision a day earlier by America’s Federal Trade Commission (FTC) that puts corporate America on notice that regulators will act if firms fail to provide adequate data security.
译 文: 同时,美国联邦贸易委员会最近做出了一个非常重要的决定,警告美国公司:如果公司未能妥善保护信息安全,监管机构将要采取行动。但是,6月17日披露约4 000万信用卡账户信息被窃取的事件,使得这个决定黯然失色。
讲 解: 该句是复合句,主句由主谓宾结构构成,句中介词about短语和过去分词短语disclosed on June 17th都作后置定语,分别修饰主语,介词by短语作后置定语修饰宾语。句中that引导定语从句,修饰先行词即that前面的机构名称FTC(美国联邦贸易委员会)。第二层定语从句的主干是主谓宾结构,关系代词that作主语,that引导同位语从句解释说明名词notice。第三层同位语从句的主干是主谓结构,从句中if引导条件状语从句。
词 汇: disclose [dɪs’kləʊz] v. 透露
regulator ['regjʊleɪtə] n. 管理者
overshadow [əʊvə’ʃædəʊ] v. 使……失色