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Text 4

1. Many things make people think artists are weird.

译 文: 许多事情让人们觉得艺术家很古怪。

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讲 解: 主句是主谓宾宾补结构,句中“think+宾语从句”作宾语补足语。第二层宾语从句省略了连接词,是主系表结构。

词 汇: weird [wɪəd] a. 奇怪的

2. But the weirdest may be this: artists’ only job is to explore emotions, and yet they choose to focus on the ones that feel bad.

译 文: 但是让人感到最怪异的可能是这一点:艺术家们唯一的工作是研究情感,不过他们却选择关注负面情感。

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讲 解: 冒号前的句子由主系表结构构成,冒号后的内容作解释说明,由并列连词and连接两个并列分句,其一是“主2+系2+表2”结构,其二是“主3+谓+宾”结构。关系代词that引导定语从句,修饰先行词the ones。

词 汇: emotion [ɪ’məʊʃ(ə)n] n. 情感

3. This wasn’t always so.

译 文: 事实也不总是如此。

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讲 解: 该句是简单句,由主系表结构构成。

4. The earliest forms of art, like painting and music, are those best suited for expressing joy.

译 文: 诸如绘画和音乐这样最早的艺术形式是最适合表达快乐的。

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讲 解: 该句由主系表结构构成,句中介词短语like painting and music为列举性同位语,形容词短语best suited for expressing joy作后置定语,修饰表语those。

词 汇: suit [sju:t] v. 适合

5. But somewhere from the 19th century onward, more artists began seeing happiness as meaningless, phony or, worst of all, boring, as we went from Wordsworth’s daffodils to Baudelaire’s flowers of evil.

译 文: 但从19世纪的某个时候开始,越来越多的艺术家开始把快乐看作没有意义的、虚假的、甚至无聊的东西。我们从华兹华斯的《水仙》 到波德莱尔的《恶之花》 可以看出这种转变。

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讲 解: 该句是复合句,主句由主谓宾宾补结构构成,句中介词短语“as meaningless,phony or,worst of all,boring”为宾语补足语,as引导时间状语从句。第二层时间状语从句由主谓结构构成。

词 汇: meaningless [‘miːnɪŋlɪs] adj. 无意义的

daffodil [‘dæfədil] n. 水仙花;黄水仙

6. You could argue that art became more skeptical of happiness because modern times have seen so much misery.

译 文: 你可能认为,艺术之所以对幸福持怀疑态度是因为现代社会经历了太多的苦难。

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讲 解: 主句由主谓宾结构构成,宾语是that引导的宾语从句。该宾语从句的主干由主系表结构构成,从句中because引导原因状语从句。第三层原因状语从句由主谓宾结构构成。

词 汇: skeptical ['skeptɪkl] a. 怀疑的

misery ['mɪzərɪ] n. 痛苦

7. But it’s not as if earlier times didn’t know perpetual war, disaster and the massacre of innocents

译 文: 但这并不是因为早期社会没有长期的战争、灾难和滥杀无辜的事件。

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讲 解: 主句是主系表结构,as if引导表语从句。该表语从句由主谓宾结构构成。

词 汇: perpetual [pə’petʃʊəl] a. 永久的

massacre [‘mæsəkə] n. 大屠杀

8. The reason, in fact, may be just the opposite: there is too much damn happiness in the world today.

译 文: 事实上,真正的原因可能正好相反:当今的世界上有太多可恶的幸福。

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讲 解: 冒号前的句子是主系表结构,冒号后的内容解释说明前句,是there be句型。

词 汇: opposite [‘ɒpəzɪt] a. 相反的

9. After all, what is the one modern form of expression almost completely dedicated to depicting happiness? Advertising.

译 文: 究竟什么样的现代表现形式不遗余力地描绘幸福呢?答案是广告。

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讲 解: 该句是一个由what引导的特殊疑问句,句中过去分词短语dedicated to depicting happiness作后置定语。

词 汇: depict [dɪ’pɪkt] v. 描绘

10. The rise of anti-happy art almost exactly tracks the emergence of mass media, and with it, a commercial culture in which happiness is not just an ideal but an ideology.

译 文: 反幸福艺术的兴起几乎完全与大众传媒同步出现,而且随之兴起了一种商业文化,在这种文化中,幸福不仅是理想,还是一种意识形态。

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讲 解: 该句为复合句,主句是主谓宾结构,句中介词短语with it作伴随状语,it指代宾语1,故名词短语a commercial culture作宾语2,表示“随着大众传媒出现而出现的商业文化”;句中“介词+关系代词which”引导定语从句,修饰宾语2。第二层定语从句由主系表结构构成,从句中“not...but”为并列结构,意思是“不是……而是……”。

词 汇: ideology [ˌaɪdɪ’ɒlədʒɪ] n. 意识形态

11. People in earlier eras were surrounded by reminders of misery.

译 文: 早期的人们时时刻刻地感受到生活的苦难。

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讲 解: 该句由主谓结构构成,句中in earlier eras为介词短语作后置定语。

12. They worked until exhausted, lived with few protections and died young.

译 文: 他们工作到精疲力尽,生活几无保障,年纪轻轻就命丧黄泉。

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讲 解: 该句为简单句,是主谓结构,包括三个并列谓语和状语。

词 汇: exhausted [ɪɡ'zɔːstɪd] a. 精疲力尽

13. In the West, before mass communication and literacy, the most powerful mass medium was the church, which reminded worshippers that their souls were in danger and that they would someday be meat for worms.

译 文: 在西方,在大众传媒技术和文学出现之前,最强大的大众媒介是教堂,教堂提醒信徒:他们的灵魂岌岌可危,他们总有一天会成为蛆虫的食物。

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讲 解: 该句为复合句,主句由主系表结构构成,句中由which引导的定语从句修饰名词church。定语从句由主谓双宾结构构成,remind sb. sth.意为“提醒某人某事”,故从句中两个that引导的从句都是谓语动词reminded的宾语。第三层宾语从句是由and连接的两个并列主系表结构。

词 汇: worshipper [‘wɜːʃɪpə] n. 崇拜者

14. Given all this, they did not exactly need their art to be a bummer too.

译 文: 鉴于这一切,人们确实不需要艺术再成为提醒他们苦难的媒介了。

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讲 解: 该句是简单句,由主谓宾宾补结构构成。

词 汇: given [ɡɪvn] prep. 鉴于

15. Today the messages the average Westerner is surrounded with are not religious but commercial, and forever happy.

译 文: 今天,围绕普通西方人的不是宗教信息,而是与商业有关的、永远快乐的信息。

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讲 解: 主句由主系表结构构成,定语从句修饰主语the messages。第二层定语从句省略了关系代词that,关系代词在从句中作介词with的宾语。

词 汇: commercial [kə’mɜːʃ(ə)l] a. 商业的

16. Fast-food eaters, news anchors, text messengers, all smiling, smiling, smiling.

译 文: 快餐食客、新闻主播、发短信的人,都在微笑、微笑、微笑。

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讲 解: 该句是主谓结构,谓语部分省略了系动词are,可还原为“all are smiling...”。

词 汇: anchor [‘æŋkə] n. 主持人

17. Our magazines feature beaming celebrities and happy families in perfect homes.

译 文: 我们的杂志刊登的人物都是光彩照人的名人和美满幸福的家庭成员。

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讲 解: 该句是简单句,由主谓宾结构构成,句中and连接两个并列宾语,in perfect homes为介词短语作地点状语。

词 汇: feature ['fiːtʃə(r)] vt. 特写;以……为特色

beam [biːm] v. 堆满笑容

celebrity [sɪ’lebrɪtɪ] n. 名人

18. And since these messages have an agenda—to lure us to open our wallets—they make the very idea of happiness seem unreliable.

译 文: 这些信息都有一个目的——即引诱我们打开钱包——所以它们就使幸福这个概念显得不靠谱。

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讲 解: 该句是主从复合句,主句由主谓宾宾补结构构成,从句为since引导的原因状语从句。该状语从句由主谓宾结构构成,动词不定式短语to lure us to open our wallets作目的状语。

词 汇: agenda [ə'dʒendə] n. 日程表

19. “Celebrate!” commanded the ads for the arthritis drug Celebrex, before we found out it could increase the risk of heart attacks.

译 文: “庆祝吧!”宣传关节炎良药西乐葆的广告这样发号指令,随后我们却发现它可能增加心脏病的发病率。

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讲 解: 该句是主从复合句,主句是倒装结构,宾语前置。连词before引导时间状语从句,而该时间状语从句中谓语动词found out后跟省略连词that的宾语从句。

词 汇: arthritis [ɑː’θraɪtɪs] n. 关节炎

20. But what we forget—what our economy depends on us forgetting—is that happiness is more than pleasure without pain.

译 文: 但是我们所能忘记的是——我们的经济依赖于我们的健忘——幸福不只是没有痛苦的快乐。

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讲 解: 该句为复合句,主干部分是主系表结构,what引导主语从句,that引导表语从句。第二层主语从句分为两部分,破折号前是主谓宾结构,连接代词what作谓语forget的宾语;破折号后的从句解释说明前面的内容,由主谓宾宾补结构构成,连接代词what作现在分词forgetting的宾语。第三层表语从句是简单句,由主系表结构构成。

21. The things that bring the greatest joy carry the greatest potential for loss and disappointment.

译 文: 那些带来极度快乐的事物也蕴含着潜在的损失和失望。

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讲 解: 该句为复合句,主句由主谓宾结构构成,句中介词短语for loss and disappointment作后置定语,主语作先行词,后接关系代词that引导的定语从句。该定语从句由主谓宾结构构成,关系代词that作从句的主语。

词 汇: potential [pə'tenʃl] n. 潜能

22. Today, surrounded by promises of easy happiness, we need art to tell us, as religion once did, Memento mori: remember that you will die, that everything ends, and that happiness comes not in denying this but in living with it.

译 文: 今天,我们的周围充斥着轻易得来的幸福许诺,我们需要艺术像宗教曾经提醒我们的那样,提醒我们:记住你终将死亡,一切都会结束,幸福不会改变死亡的结局,而是与之共存。

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讲 解: 该句是复合句,主句由主谓宾宾补结构构成,句中surrounded...为动词的过去分词作状语,Memento mori是拉丁语,可译为“记住你终有一死”,后面的内容是对这一拉丁语的解释说明,remember后跟三个that引导的宾语从句。

词 汇: religion [rɪ’lɪdʒ(ə)n] n. 宗教

23. It’s a message even more bitter than a clove cigarette, yet, somehow, a breath of fresh air.

译 文: 这是一个比丁香烟还要苦涩的信息,但却不知怎的带来了一股清新的气息。

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讲 解: 该句由主系表结构构成,句中a breath of fresh air省略了主语和系动词it is。

词 汇: clove cigarette 丁香卷烟 4mfUYOH/N90mGHxvzPzmNbFtdfXmnT+ROF/Nocn1AuW/NOWtEdTaZaBnV/rlgGZX

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