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1. When prehistoric man arrived in new parts of the world, something strange happened to the large animals.

译 文: 史前人类每到达世界上某个新地方,一些奇怪的事就会降临到大型动物身上。

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讲 解: 该句是复合句,主句由主谓宾结构构成,从句是由when引导的时间状语从句。

词 汇: prehistoric [priːhɪ’stɒrɪk] a. 史前的

2. They suddenly became extinct.

译 文: 大型动物会突然灭绝。

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词 汇: extinct [ɪk’stɪŋkt; ek-] a. 灭绝的

3. Smaller species survived.

译 文: 较小的物种却会幸存下来。

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词 汇: species [‘spiʃiz] n. 物种

4. The large, slow-growing animals were easy game, and were quickly hunted to extinction.

译 文: 生长缓慢的大型动物很容易成为猎物,所以很快就会遭到猎捕,以至灭绝。

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讲 解: 该句是简单句,句中to extinction作结果状语。

5. Now something similar could be happening in the oceans.

译 文: 现在,类似的事情可能正在海洋中发生。

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讲 解: 该句是简单句,由主谓结构构成。

6. That the seas are being overfished has been known for years.

译 文: 海洋遭到过度捕捞是多年以来众所周知的事实。

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讲 解: 该句主干是主谓结构,主语由that引导的主语从句。

词 汇: overfish [ˌəuvə’fiʃ] v. 过度捕捞

7. What researchers such as Ransom Myers and Boris Worm have shown is just how fast things are changing.

译 文: 研究员兰塞姆·迈尔斯和鲍里斯·沃姆表明的只是现在情况变化得有多快。

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讲 解: 该句主干是主系表结构,主语是what引导的主语从句,表语是how引导的表语从句。第二层主语从句是主谓宾结构,连接代词what在从句中作show的宾语。第三层表语从句由主谓结构构成。

8. They have looked at half a century of data from fisheries around the world.

译 文: 他们研究了世界各地渔场50年来的数据。

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讲 解: 该句是简单句,由主谓宾结构构成。

词 汇: fishery [‘fɪʃ(ə)rɪ] 渔场

9. Their methods do not attempt to estimate the actual biomass (the amount of living biological matter) of fish species in particular parts of the ocean, but rather changes in that biomass over time.

译 文: 他们采用的研究方法不是试图估算在特定海域中鱼类的实际生物量(活的生物物种数量),而是试图估算随着时间的推移海洋生物量的变化。

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讲 解: 该句是简单句,由主谓宾结构构成,句中括号内的部分为同位语,解释说明宾语。

词 汇: biomass [‘baɪə(ʊ)mæs] n. 生物量

10. According to their latest paper published in Nature , the biomass of large predators (animals that kill and eat other animals) in a new fishery is reduced on average by 80% within 15 years of the start of exploitation.

译 文: 根据他们最近发表在《自然》期刊上的一篇论文,新渔场在开发后的头15年里,大型食肉动物(杀死和食用其他动物的动物)的生物量平均减少了80%。

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讲 解: 该句主干由主谓结构构成,句中过去分词短语published in Nature 作后置定语,修饰paper。括号中名词animals作主语的同位语,同时也作先行词,后跟that引导的定语从句。

词 汇: exploitation [eksplɒɪ’teɪʃ(ə)n] n. 开发

11. In some long-fished areas, it has halved again since then.

译 文: 在一些长期捕鱼的海域,大型捕食动物的生物量还得在此基础上再减半。

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讲 解: 该句是简单句,由主谓结构构成。

12. Dr. Worm acknowledges that these figures are conservative.

译 文: 沃姆博士承认这些是保守的数据。

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讲 解: 该句主干由主谓宾结构构成,宾语部分由宾语从句组成。

词 汇: acknowledge [ək’nɒlɪdʒ] v. 承认

conservative [kən’sɜːvətɪv] a. 保守

13. One reason for this is that fishing technology has improved.

译 文: 原因之一就是现在的捕鱼技术已经提高了。

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讲 解: 该句主干由主系表结构构成,表语部分是表语从句。该表语从句由主谓结构构成。

14. Today’s vessels can find their prey using satellites and sonar, which were not available 50 years ago.

译 文: 今天,渔船可以使用卫星和声呐技术寻找猎物,而50年前还没有这些技术。

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讲 解: 该句主干由主谓宾结构构成,句中现在分词using satellites and sonar作方式状语,关系代词which引导定语从句,修饰satellites and sonar。第二层定语从句由主系表结构构成。

词 汇: vessel [‘ves(ə)lz] n. 容器

prey[preɪ] n.猎物;受害者 v.捕食

15. That means a higher proportion of what is in the sea is being caught, so the real difference between present and past is likely to be worse than the one recorded by changes in catch sizes.

译 文: 这意味着海洋里有更高比例的鱼类正在被捕捞,所以现在和过去的实际差距很可能比在捕获区的记录显示的变化差距更大。

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讲 解: 该句为并列复合句,由表示结果的并列连词so连接两个并列分句。分句1的主句是主谓宾结构,宾语部分是省略连接词的宾语从句;分句2是主系表结构,句中介词between短语作后置定语修饰主语,过去分词短语recorded...作后置定语,修饰the one。第二层宾语从句是主谓结构,从句中“介词of+what宾语从句”作后置定语,修饰主语。

16. In the early days, too, longlines would have been more saturated with fish.

译 文: 在早期时候,多钩长线上本可以挂满更多的鱼。

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讲 解: 该句是简单句,由主系表结构构成。

词 汇: longline [‘lɔŋlaɪn] n. 多钩长线

saturated ['sætʃəreɪtɪd] a. 饱和的

17. Some individuals would therefore not have been caught, since no baited hooks would have been available to trap them, leading to an underestimate of fish stocks in the past.

译 文: 因为没有饵钩用来引诱鱼上钩,所以有些鱼就未能被捕获,这就导致过去鱼类数量被低估了。

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讲 解: 该句为主从复合句,主句由主谓结构构成,句中现在分词短语leading to...作结果状语,从句是由since引导的原因状语从句。第二层原因状语从句由主系表结构构成。

词 汇: baited hook 鱼钩

18. Furthermore, in the early days of longline fishing, a lot of fish were lost to sharks after they had been hooked.

译 文: 此外,早期用多钩长线捕鱼时,大量的鱼上钩以后就被鲨鱼吃掉了。

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讲 解: 该句是主从复合句,主句由主谓结构构成,句中连词after引导时间状语从句。

词 汇: hook [hʊk] v. 钓

19. That is no longer a problem, because there are fewer sharks around now.

译 文: 这已经不再是一个问题了,因为现在周围的鲨鱼少多了。

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讲 解: 该句是复合句,主句由主系表结构构成,从句是because引导的原因状语从句。该原因状语从句由there be句型构成。

20. Dr. Myers and Dr. Worm argue that their work gives a correct baseline, which future management efforts must take into account.

译 文: 迈尔斯博士和沃姆博士认为他们的研究成果提供了一个正确的基线,在将来的捕捞管理工作中必须考虑这个基线。

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讲 解: 该句主干由主谓宾结构构成,宾语部分是that引导的宾语从句。第二层宾语从句由主谓宾结构构成,其中which引导非限制性定语从句。第三层定语从句由主谓宾结构构成,关系代词which作谓语动词take的宾语。

词 汇: take into account 考虑在内

21. They believe the data support an idea current among marine biologists, that of the “shifting baseline.”

译 文: 他们相信这些数据支撑着当前海洋生物学家们提出的一个观点,即“动态基线”。

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讲 解: 主句由主谓宾结构构成,宾语是省略连接词的宾语从句。宾语从句由主谓宾结构构成。

词 汇: marine [mə’riːn] a. 海洋的

22. The notion is that people have failed to detect the massive changes which have happened in the ocean because they have been looking back only a relatively short time into the past.

译 文: 这个概念指的是,因为调查时间仅为过去相对较短的时间,所以人们尚未成功探测到海洋里发生的巨大变化。

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讲 解: 该句是复合句,主句由主系表结构构成,表语是that引导的表语从句;第二层表语从句的主干部分是主谓宾结构,which引导的定语从句修饰名词changes,because引导原因状语从句;第三层定语从句由主谓结构构成;第四层原因状语从句由主谓结构构成。

23. That matters because theory suggests that the maximum sustainable yield that can be cropped from a fishery comes when the biomass of a target species is about 50% of its original levels.

译 文: 但这很重要,因为从理论上讲,当目标物种的生物量大约是初始水平的50%的时候,一个渔场才能获得最高的可持续鱼产量。

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讲 解: 该句是主从复合句,主句是主谓结构,从句是because引导的原因状语从句。第二层原因状语从句由主谓宾结构构成,宾语是that引导的宾语从句。第三层宾语从句由主谓结构构成,从句中关系代词that引导定语从句,修饰主语,从属连词when引导时间状语从句。第四层定语从句由主谓结构构成。第五层状语从句由主系表结构构成。

词 汇: sustainable [sə’steɪnəb(ə)l] a. 可持续的

24. Most fisheries are well below that, which is a bad way to do business.

译 文: 大多数渔场远远低于这个水平,这是捕鱼业最糟糕的赚钱方式。

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讲 解: 主句是主系表结构,句中which引导非限制性定语从句。 ZefRyfpt2vzIE4E2RfVhUNN6SFcy/UYlTutLm6CQTLPNt/AY4qZzjErsytjuSbA4

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