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DAY 05

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基础词汇

smooth / smuːð /

adj. 平整的;光滑的;平稳的;醇厚的 v. 使平坦;使光滑

常考 smooth away/out 消除,克服 || smooth over 缓和

示例 But by holding it in your hands, you can feel how smooth and cool the ball is. 但是当你把这个球握在手中时,你就能感受到它的光滑和冰凉。( 河南2013

rid / rɪd /

v. 使摆脱

常考 get/be rid of 摆脱 || rid oneself of 使自己摆脱

示例 The officers had a very hard time getting rid of the mushrooms that remained in their stomachs. 这些官员为了弄出残留在他们胃中的蘑菇而饱受折磨。( 江苏2012

general / ˈdʒenrəl /

n. 将军 adj. 一般的;普遍的;通常的;大致的;总的,首席的

常考 in general 通常,大体上

示例 Some blame cheating on a general loss of good values among today's youth. 有些人把欺骗归咎于当今年轻人普遍丧失了良好的价值观。( 河南2020

派生 generalize(v. 概括,归纳

balcony / ˈbælkəni /

n. 阳台;(剧院的)楼座

示例 He used to sit on the small balcony overlooking the street. 他过去常坐在那个小阳台上,俯瞰下面的街道。

private / ˈpraɪvət /

「熟义」adj. 私有的;私用的;私人的;私下的

「生义」n. 二等兵

常考 in private 私下地

示例 The amount of private cars in our country has been rising dramatically these years. 这些年我们国家私家车的数量迅猛增加。( 江苏2015

派生 privacy(n. 隐私;私密

辨析 private、individual和personal这三个形容词都有“个人的”之意。private侧重私人的,不可公开的;individual强调“逐个的,个别的”之意;personal指某人自己的,个人的。

fail / feɪl /

n. 不及格 v. 失败;未能;衰退;辜负

常考 without fail 务必 || fail in sth. /fail to do sth. 在某事上失败,未能做成某事

示例 If businessmen lose money or fail to make a satisfactory profit, it becomes more likely to have a depression. 如果商人亏了钱或者盈利不尽如人意,那就更有可能导致不景气。( 广东2008

派生 failure(n. 失败;故障

communicate / kəˈmjuːnɪkeɪt /

v. 交流,沟通;传递,传达;(疾病的)传染,传播

常考 communicate with 交流,沟通

示例 They don't need to communicate verbally but they can still interact. 他们不需要用语言交流却仍然可以沟通。( 河南2014

派生 communication(n. 交流;通信

bargain / ˈbɑːɡən /

n. 便宜货;协议;交易 v. 商讨;讨价还价

常考 bargain sth. away 贱卖|| bargain with 讨价还价

示例 Some people would like to do shopping on Sundays since they expect to pick up a lot of wonderful bargains in the markets. 有些人喜欢周日去购物,因为他们希望能从市场上买到很多物美价廉的好东西。( 江苏2010

violent / ˈvaɪələnt /

adj. 暴力的;猛烈的;强烈的

示例 After the violent earthquake that shook Los Angeles in 1994, earthquake scientists had news to report: The damage and death toll could have been much worse. 1994年,一场强烈的地震袭击了洛杉矶后,地震科学家们在新闻里说:地震造成的破坏和死亡数字本可能会更糟糕。( 山东2014

派生 violence(n. 暴力

aboard / əˈbɔːd /

prep. & adv. 在飞机上;在船上

示例 “Welcome aboard ,” said the stewardess to every passenger, smilingly. 空姐微笑着对每个乘客说:“欢迎登机。”

through / θruː /

prep. & adv.穿过;越过;切开;钻透;通过;借由 adj. 完成的;断绝关系的

常考 through and through 完全,彻底

示例 John is the sort of friend who will stand by you through every situation. 约翰就是那种能陪伴你经历各种情况的朋友。( 山东2018

congratulate / kənˈɡrætʃəleɪt /

v. 祝贺;称赞

常考 congratulate sb. on sth. 对某事向某人道贺

示例 I want to congratulate China on its impressive achievement. 我想就中国这一令人印象深刻的成就表示祝贺。

派生 congratulation(n. 祝贺

puzzle / ˈpʌzl /

n. 迷;智力游戏;疑惑 v. 迷惑;使困惑

常考 puzzle over/about 仔细思考|| puzzle out 思考出答案

示例 “A few minutes ago it was twenty to twelve and now it's half past eleven.” He was puzzled on that. “几分钟之前还是11点40,现在却是11点30了。” 他对此感到无比困惑。( 广东2013

派生 puzzled(adj. 困惑的,茫然的

sickness / ˈsɪknəs /

n. 疾病,不健康;恶心;悲伤;反感

示例 Hair loss is generally associated with sickness . 通常来说,脱发与疾病有关联。

slim / slɪm /

adj. 苗条的;纤细的;单薄的;微薄的 v. 减肥

常考 slim chance 机会渺茫

示例 We covet their food, their wine and their ability to stay slim while consuming both. 我们垂涎她们的美食,她们的美酒,我们还羡慕她们好吃好喝还能保持苗条的能力。

circumstance / ˈsɜːkəmstəns /

n. 条件;环境;状况;境遇

常考 under no circumstance 绝不,无论如何都不 || in/under the circumstances 在这种情况下

示例 Under no circumstances are they to borrow our car. 他们绝不会找我们借车。( 河南2017

doubt / daʊt /

n. 怀疑,疑惑 v. 怀疑,不相信

常考 beyond a/any doubt无疑地|| no doubt 无意地;极有可能地 || in doubt不能确定的

示例 Agriculture experts have no doubt about how the technology works. 农业专家对于技术的运转毫无疑惑。( 广东2016

派生 doubtful(adj. 可疑的,未定的 )|| doubtless(adv. 无疑地,肯定地

辨析 suspect和doubt这两个动词都有“怀疑”之意。suspect有猜疑、猜测之意,肯定的意味较多;doubt侧重怀疑,不相信,含有否定的意思。

语料 Doubt grows with knowledge. 怀疑伴随知识的增长而增长。

edition / ɪˈdɪʃn /

n. 版本,版次

示例 The last edition of his collected poetry was published three years after his death.他的诗集的最后一版是在他逝世三年后才出版的。

relate / rɪˈleɪt /

v. 与……有关;与……相连;讲述

常考 relate to 涉及;与……有关

示例 As you can see, several of these values are closely related to each other and are dependent upon each other. 如你所见,这些价值中有一些彼此关系密切,相互依存。( 江苏2016

派生 relation(n. 关系

achievement / əˈtʃiːvmənt /

n. 成就;完成,达到

示例 Any society which is interested in equality of opportunity and standards of achievement must regularly test its pupils. 任何一个对机会均等以及成功的标准感兴趣的社会都必须经常测试它的学生们。

import / ˈɪmpɔːt /

n. 进口;输入;引进;含意 / ɪmˈpɔːt / v. 进口;输入;移入

示例 Import for the first three months this year is larger than corresponding for the period last year. 今年前三个月的进口量比去年同期高。( 广东2011

escape / ɪˈskeɪp /

n. 逃跑;逃避;逃脱;泄漏 v. 逃跑;逃脱;避开;被忽视;泄漏

常考 escape from 逃离……;从……逃脱

示例 The brown bear escaped from the zoo, which was a threat to everyone in the town. 从动物园逃跑的棕熊对小镇上的每个人都是威胁。( 广东2017

reply / rɪˈplaɪ /

v. & n. 回答,回复;回应

常考 in reply to 作为对……的回应、回复

示例 You'll get a reply from him—written in ink, not typed—after only a few days. 仅仅只是几天后,你就会收到由他亲自用墨水手写,而不是打印的回信了。( 江苏2001

辨析 reply、answer和respond 这三个动词都有“回答,回复”之意。reply较少用于口语,常指经过考虑后且较正式的回答;answer指以口头、书面等方式做出回答,是及物动词;respond较正式,表示回答时,是不及物动词。

cause / kɔːz /

n. 原因,起因;理由;事业 v. 引起;导致

常考 without good cause 无缘无故 || in a good cause 行善

示例 He is ardently active for the cause of environmental protection. 他对环保事业十分热心积极。( 江苏2001

grocery / ˈɡrəʊsəri /

n. 食品杂货;食品杂货店

示例 Living paycheck to paycheck with his wife and newborn son, he worked days at the bakery and nights at a grocery store to pay the mortgage. 他和老婆以及刚出生的儿子的生活很拮据,因此他白天在面包铺,晚上在杂货铺工作来偿还贷款。( 山东2010

blow / bləʊ /

n. 击打;打击 v. 刮风;吹;吹响;炸毁;挥霍

常考 blow one's nose 擤鼻子|| blow on 挥霍 || blow up 爆炸;大发脾气

示例 The strong wind blew the window open. 大风吹开了窗户。

派生 blowy(adj. 刮大风的

permanent / ˈpɜːmənənt /

adj. 永恒的;长久的

示例 Much to my surprise, they went away without telling us their permanent address. 让我大吃一惊的是,他们没有告诉我们他们的永久住址就离开了。( 江苏2006

同义 perpetual/eternal

carpenter / ˈkɑːpəntə(r) /

n. 木匠

示例 One morning there was a knock on Jack's door. It was a carpenter looking for a few days' work. 一天早晨,有人来敲杰克家的门,来人是个木匠,他想来做几天活。( 广东2018

派生 carpentry(n. 木工活

prescription / prɪˈskrɪpʃn /

n. 处方,药方;处方药;建议;秘诀;方案

常考 by/on prescription 凭处方

示例 When you pick up a prescription at a pharmacy, you get a list of common side effects. 当你在药房拿到处方药时,你还会得到一个常见的副作用清单。

resort / rɪˈzɔːt /

n. 旅游胜地;求助,诉诸 v. 求助,诉诸

常考 resort to 诉诸,凭借 || the last/final resort 最终采取的手段

示例 Thousands of families crowded into this sea resort with the coming of holiday. 随着假日的到来,数千个家庭涌入了海边度假地。

division / dɪˈvɪʒn /

n. 分裂,分隔;分配;不和;除法;部门

示例 In those days, the only division of times was the month, and there were too many days in the month for each of them to have a separate name. 那时,时间只按月划分,而一个月里有太多天了,以至于不可能让每一天都有单独的叫法。( 山东2019

affection / əˈfekʃn /

n. 喜爱,爱情;感情

示例 The best time to buy a baby dog is when it is between 6 and 8 weeks old so that it can transfer its affection from its mother to its master. 买小狗的最佳时间是小狗在6到8周大时,因为这样小狗就会把对妈妈的情感转移到主人身上。( 山东2012

辨析 love和affection这两个名词都有“爱情”之意。love的感情分量往往比affection更重;affection指一般外在表现的爱,不如love情意深。

keen / kiːn /

adj. 敏锐的;强烈的;热衷的

常考 be keen on/about sth. 对……喜爱、着迷

示例 John is fond of playing basketball and Jack is keen on playing the piano. 约翰喜欢打篮球,杰克热衷于弹钢琴。( 广东2019

dazzle / ˈdæzl /

n. 耀眼;炫目 v. 使目眩;使眼花;使倾倒

示例 The lights of New York's Time Square may dazzle , but research shows city lights are tied to an increase in air pollution. 纽约时报广场的灯光可能会让人倾倒,但是有研究指出,城市照明增加了城市的空气污染。

派生 dazzling(adj. 耀眼的,炫目的

deny / dɪˈnaɪ /

v. 否认;否定;拒绝;克制

常考 deny sb. sth./deny sth. to sb. 拒绝给予某人某物

示例 No one would deny the usefulness of a world language, but not many people think that Esperanto is likely to play such a role. 虽然没有人能否认一种世界通用语言的有效性,但是却没有什么人认为世界语能够起到如此重要的作用。( 山东2014

派生 denial(n. 否认,否定

favor / ˈfeɪvə(r) /

n. 喜爱;支持;恩惠 v. 更喜欢;偏袒;有助于

常考 in favor of 赞同,支持

示例 Thank you for the favor you did me to move the sofa upstairs. 谢谢你给予我的帮助,帮我把沙发抬上楼。( 广东2008

语料 Opportunity favors only the prepared mind. 机会只青睐有准备的人。

revenge / rɪˈvendʒ /

n. 报复,报仇 v. 报复,向某人报仇

常考 revenge oneself on sb. 向某人报仇

示例 She swore to revenge her dead sister. 她发誓要为死去的妹妹报仇。

modify / ˈmɒdɪfaɪ /

v. 调整;修改;修饰

示例 The heating system has recently been modified to make it more efficient. 最近对供暖系统的调整是为了让其更高效。

派生 modification(n. 修改,改进

recall / ˈriːkɔːl /

n. 记忆力;召回 / rɪˈkɔːl / v. 记起,回忆起;召回

常考 beyond recall 想不起来

示例 My grandmother had such a good memory that she could recall stories she had heard in her childhood. 我的奶奶记忆力很好,她能想起她小时候曾经听过的故事。( 江西2007

辨析 remember和recall这两个动词都有“想起”之意。remember指自然地回想起,recall表示经过努力后才想起,常与can、could连用。

generate / ˈdʒenəreɪt /

v. 产生;引起;造成

示例 Sometimes, these factors can generate much more meaning than the words themselves. 有时,这些因素能产生比词汇本身更多的意思。( 山东2010

派生 generation(n. 代;产生

involve / ɪnˈvɒlv /

v. 需要,包含;涉及;使卷入;使参加

常考 involve sb. in sth. 使某人牵涉某事

示例 Most of them often got involved role-playing games or chat room discussion. 他们中的大多数人会经常参与角色扮演或者聊天室讨论。( 广东2014

派生 involvement(n. 参与;包含;牵涉

payroll / ˈpeɪrəʊl /

n. 员工发薪表

示例 The payroll taxes in Brazil are among the world's highest. 巴西的薪资所得税比例是全球最高的。

relieve / rɪˈliːv /

v. 减轻;缓和;使摆脱;接替;解除

常考 relieve sb. of sth. 解除某人的负担;解除某人的职务

示例 Reading good books increases your contentment when you are cheerful and relieves your sorrow when you are sad. 读好书能在你快乐时增加你的满足感,在你悲伤时缓解你的痛苦。

considerable / kənˈsɪdərəbl /

adj. 相当多的;相当大的

示例 Farmers can save a considerable amount of pesticide by making use of spot-spraying. 通过使用定点喷洒,农民们能省下相当多的杀虫剂。( 广东2016

foundation / faʊnˈdeɪʃn /

n. 基础;地基;基本原理;基金会;创建;粉底霜

示例 It's well-known that education is the foundation of a prosperous country. 众所周知,教育是兴国之本。( 山东2018

辨析 base和foundation这两个名词都有“基础”之意。base 多指具体有型的基础,也可指物体的底座;foundation本指建筑的地基,含有坚实的基础之意。

herb / hɜːb /

n. 药草;香草;草本植物

示例 Chop herbs , onions, and vegetables and keep them in your freezer. 把香草、洋葱和蔬菜切碎并保存在冰箱里。( 浙江2012

派生 herbal(adj. 草药的,草本的

connect / kəˈnekt /

v.(使)连接;接通;连到;与……有关系或关联

常考 connect up 接通|| connect with 连接,联结

示例 The Internet connects us with more real people than expected—helpful people who can give advice on careers, medical problems, raising children, and choosing a school or college. 我们通过互联网联系到的真实的人多于我们的预期,他们可以在职业选择、医疗问题、抚养孩子和择校上给我们提供建议,对我们大有帮助。( 江苏2007

派生 connection(n. 连接;关系

control / kənˈtrəʊl /

n.控制;克制 v. 控制;管制;抑制;管理

常考 under sb.'s/sth.'s control 处在某人/某事物的控制之下 || out of control 失控

示例 Farmers can also call on the services of their local hunt to control the fox population. 农民们也可以召集当地的猎人来帮忙,以控制狐狸的数量。( 河南2011

bunch / bʌntʃ /

n. 束;捆;扎;串;大量,大批 v. 使变紧;使皱褶

常考 bunch up/together 集中;聚拢

示例 She took a bunch of keys out of her bag. 她从包里掏出一串钥匙。

observe / əbˈzɜːv /

v. 观察,注视;看到;说话,评论;遵守;庆祝

示例 The book will show the readers how what they have observed can be used in other contexts. 这本书将向读者展示他们所观察到的东西怎样被用到上下文中。( 河南2018

派生 observance(n. 遵守

extreme / ɪkˈstriːm /

n. 极端,极限;完全相反的事情 adj. 极大的;极度的;过激的;末端的

常考 in the extreme 极度,非常

示例 They may be a good means of testing memory, or the skills of working rapidly under extreme pressure, but they can tell you nothing about a person's true ability. 它们也许是测试记忆力的好方法或是测试在极大压力下快速工作的技能,但是它们无法告诉你一个人的真实能力。( 广东2012

deal / diːl /

「熟义」n. 约定;交易 v. 分给,发;给予;对待;买卖,交易

「生义」n. 发牌 v. 发牌;贩毒

常考 a good/great deal 大量;极其 || deal with 对付,处理;涉及

示例 This ability that some humans have developed to handle pain should give us ideas about how the mind can deal with pain. 一些人发展出来的这种应付疼痛的能力应该能给头脑如何应对疼痛这一问题一些提示。( 广东2014

circus / ˈsɜːkəs /

n. 马戏;马戏团;热闹场面

示例 Almost all children were attracted by the clown of the circus . 几乎所有的孩子都被马戏团中的小丑深深吸引了。

contribute / kənˈtrɪbjuːt /

v. 贡献;捐助;是造成……的原因

常考 contribute to 捐献;是……的原因之一

示例 Eating too much fat can contribute to heart disease and cause high blood pressure. 摄入过多脂肪可能会导致心脏病和高血压。( 河南2011

派生 contribution(n. 贡献;捐献

regret / rɪˈɡret /

n. & v. 后悔;遗憾

示例 Each age has its pleasures and its pains, and the happiest person is the one who enjoys what each age gives him without wasting his time in useless regrets . 每个时代都有其快乐和痛苦,最幸福的人是那些享受每个时代所给予他的,而不把时间浪费在无用的遗憾上的人。( 河南2020

派生 regretful(adj. 后悔的;遗憾的

abstract / ˈæbstrækt /

adj. 抽象的;纯理论的 n. 摘要 / æbˈstrækt /

v. 提取,抽取;写摘要

常考 in the abstract 抽象地;理论地

示例 They can abstract precious medicines from the leaves and bark. 他们能从树叶和树皮中提取珍贵的药材。

missile / ˈmɪsaɪl /

n. 导弹;发射物;投掷物

示例 Missile attacks on ships were rare then. 那时舰船受到导弹攻击很罕见。

brilliant / ˈbrɪliənt /

adj. 绝妙的,杰出的;鲜亮的;灿烂的;很棒的

示例 They were brilliant students of Greek geometry and trigonometry, and they applied their knowledge to the construction of fine bridges, roads, aqueducts, and public buildings. 他们是希腊几何学和三角学方面才华横溢的学生,用所学的知识建造了上乘的桥梁、道路、水渠和公共建筑。( 江苏2007

派生 brilliance(n. 光辉;才华

confer / kənˈfɜː(r) /

v. 商讨,协商;授予

常考 confer with sb. on/about sth. 与某人商讨某事|| confer sth. on/upon sb. 授予某人某物

示例 So they just go ahead and make the thing and leave it to the advertiser to find clever ways of making it appeal to purchasers after they have finished it, by pretending that it confers status, or attracts love, or signifies manliness. 因此他们只是继续生产,生产出来后就让广告商去找法子让产品吸引买家,比如假装这个商品会赋予他们地位,招来爱情或是让人充满男子汉气概。( 江苏2003

派生 conference(n. 会议,讨论

regular / ˈreɡjələ(r) /

adj. 有规律的,定时的;频繁的;惯常的;整齐的 n. 常客,老主顾

示例 Always keep in mind that more fruit, vegetables and regular exercises will keep us healthy. 永远记住,多吃水果蔬菜和定期锻炼能让我们保持健康。( 广东2016

派生 regularity(n. 规律性;整齐

认知词汇

melody / ˈmelədi /

n. 旋律;曲调;乐曲

示例 Instead of just playing the melody , jazz musicians improvise different tunes using the same chords. 爵士音乐大师不仅演奏旋律,还用同样的和弦即兴演奏出不同的曲调。

stripe / straɪp /

n. 条纹;线条

示例 Zebra is a wild animal from Africa that looks like a horse with broad dark brown and white stripes on its body. 斑马是一种来自非洲的野生动物,它长得像马,身上有深棕色和白色相间的条纹。

impair / ɪmˈpeə(r) /

v. 损害;削弱

示例 Alcohol can impair your judgment to the extent that you may not make the best decisions in an emergency. 酒在某种程度上可能会有损你的判断能力,让你在处于紧急状况时不能做出最佳的决定。

obstruct / əbˈstrʌkt /

v. 阻挡;阻塞;妨碍;阻碍

示例 Do you think this agreement will facilitate or obstruct the negotiation process?你认为这个协定会促进还是阻碍谈判的进程?

skeleton / ˈskelɪtn /

n. 骨骼;骨架;框架;提纲

示例 The dinosaur skeleton will now go on display at a museum along with other treasures. 这具恐龙的骨骼将会和其他藏品一起在博物馆展出。

stem / stem /

n. 茎,梗,柄 v. 起源于;阻止

常考 stem from 起源于

示例 The stem and leaves of the plant are toxic. 这种植物的茎和叶是有毒的。

assault / əˈsɔːlt /

n. 攻击,袭击;冲击 v. 袭击;使难受

常考 assault on/upon/against 攻击,袭击

示例 An assault was launched in the early hours of the morning. 凌晨时分发动了一次攻击。

thrust / θrʌst /

n. 要点;刺,戳;推力 v. 猛推;冲,挤;刺;戳

常考 thrust aside 置之不理

示例 She thrust her way out of the crowd. 她挤出了人群。

spontaneous / spɒnˈteɪniəs /

adj. 自然的;自发的

示例 He gave a short and spontaneous address which many felt was the most moving speech of his life. 他发表了一次简短、自然的演说,许多人觉得这是他一生中最动人的一次演讲。

parliament / ˈpɑːləmənt /

n. 议会;国会

示例 The new law is expected to be passed in the next parliament . 这项新法规有望在下届议会中通过。

gulf / ɡʌlf /

n. 海湾;鸿沟;深渊

常考 gulf between ……之间的分歧

示例 America expects that over the next 25 years its dependence on gulf energy will fall. 美国期盼在未来25年内对海湾能源的依赖会下降。

famine / ˈfæmɪn /

n. 饥饿;饥荒

示例 Famine hit that poor country once more. 饥荒再次袭击了那个贫穷的国家。

miracle / ˈmɪrəkl /

n. 奇迹;神迹;不平凡的事

常考 perform a miracle 创造奇迹

示例 China's economic miracle is providing them with opportunities to develop their talent. 中国的经济奇迹使他们有机会发展自己的才华。( 广东2011

compute / kəmˈpjuːt /

v. 计算;估算

示例 The real difficulty is to understand how to compute this data. 真正的困难在于理解如何计算这些数据。

panel / ˈpænl /

n. 嵌板;面板;仪表盘;专门小组

示例 The control panel on the new car attracts his son a lot. 新车上的控制面板让他的儿子十分着迷。

overhear / ˌəʊvəˈhɪə(r) /

v. 无意中听到

示例 Did you overhear what they just talked? 你刚刚在旁边有听到他们说什么吗?

regulate / ˈreɡjuleɪt /

v. 约束;控制,管理;调节

示例 In this factory the machines are not regulated individually but are jointly controlled by a central computer system. 在这家工厂里,机器并不是单个控制的,而是通过中央电脑系统共同控制的。( 江苏2005

renew / rɪˈnjuː /

v. 重新开始;恢复;延长有效期;再生,更新

示例 When I applied for my passport to be renewed , I had to send a recent photo. 当我申请更新护照时,我必须提交一张近照。( 江苏2007

exploit / ɪkˈsplɔɪt /

v. 利用;剥削;开发

示例 He realized that his youth and passion were being exploited . 他意识到自己的年轻和热情正被人利用。

minor / ˈmaɪnə(r) /

n.未成年人 adj. 较小的;次要的 v. 辅修

示例 The law has ended alcohol sales to minors . 法律已经终止了向未成年人售酒。 1gSupJWd6jWetPNDtEqQsE2Oz5YeYXl8GiQty2rbu9e02t3OSJ2LXKzDpljMrAXA

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