音频
allow
v. 允许,准许,容许;使可能;(为某目的)留出,给出
常考 allow of 使有可能|| allow for 考虑到,估计到
示例 Like air fills the lungs, friendship fills the heart, allowing us to experience the best life has to offer: a friend. 就像空气充满肺腑,友谊填满内心,让我们体验生活所给予的最好的:朋友。 (山东2020)
派生 allowable(adj. 允许的;承认的;许可的 )
语料 He that will not allow his friend to share the prize must not expect him to share the danger.( Aesop's Fables )不肯让朋友共享果实的人,不要指望朋友与他共患难。(《伊索寓言》)
chief
n. 最高领导;首领;酋长 adj. 重要的;主要的;为首的;首席的
示例 Environment protection has become one of the chief concerns of the world today. 环境保护已经成为当今世界首要关切的问题之一。
steam
n. 蒸汽;水汽 v. 蒸发,冒水汽;蒸(食物);疾行
常考 run out of steam 精疲力竭
示例 If steam touches cold surfaces, it is condensed into water. 如果蒸气接触到冷的表面,它就凝结成水。
派生 steamer(n. 轮船;蒸汽机;蒸笼 )
frighten
v. 使惊吓,使恐惧
常考 frighten away/off 把……吓跑
示例 Unable to find a way out in the dark cave, they were frightened and ran anxiously without a sense of direction. 由于无法在黑暗的洞穴里找到出去的路,他们被吓坏了,开始像无头苍蝇一样焦急地乱跑。( 广东2016 )
辨析 frighten、scare、startle和terrify这四个动词都有“使惊吓”之意。frighten的用法最广,常指有意使某人害怕或惊吓;scare与frighten同义,多用于口语,可指故意开玩笑吓唬;startle表示使大吃一惊,强调突然的惊吓,常用于被动态;terrify的语气最强烈,有使人感到恐惧或惊慌的意思。
chew
n. 咀嚼;口香糖 v. 咀嚼;嚼碎
常考 chew over 仔细思考,详细讨论
示例 Walk around the block or chew gum when you would normally be smoking. 在你平时吸烟的时刻绕着街区走走或是嚼一嚼口香糖。
cautious
adj. 小心的,谨慎的
示例 The scientists are cautious about the gene therapy. 科学家们对于基因疗法持谨慎态度。
decline
n. 减少;下降;衰退 v. 减少;下降;衰退;谢绝
常考 in decline/on the decline 在衰退中
示例 In the United States, the school bus also led to the decline of small towns because it made it possible to consolidate numerous small schools. 在美国,校车也是导致小镇衰退的原因之一,因为校车使诸多小型学校的合并变得可能。( 广东2010 )
transplant
v. 移植;移种;使迁移
n. 移植常考 transplant from/to 移植;迁移
示例 Culture shock is an occupational disease for people who have been suddenly transplanted abroad. 文化冲击对于那些突然被迁往国外的人而言是一种职业病。( 江苏2004 )
派生 transplantation(n. 移植;迁移 )
insist
v. 坚持;执意
常考 insist on doing sth. 执意做某事|| insist on/upon sth. 坚持某事
示例 There is no sense in insisting on the impossible. 在不可能的事情上坚持毫无意义。( 广东2013 )
派生 insistence(n. 坚持;固执 )
辨析 persist和insist这两个动词都有“坚持”之意。persist侧重不顾困难、反对或警告等,仍坚持做某事;insist强调坚持自己的看法、主张或意见。
digital
n. 数字电视 adj. 数码的;数字的
示例 When do people read their news on digital devices? 人们在什么时间利用数码设备读新闻呢?
loaf
n. 一条(面包)v. 闲逛;无所事事
常考 a loaf of bread 一条面包
示例 Don't stand there loafing ; there is a lot of work to do. 不要站在那里无所事事,还有很多事要做呢。
defend
v. 防御,防守;保卫;辩解,为……做辩护
常考 defend from/against 防御
示例 This device can defend the police from the potential danger. 这个装置能保护警察免受潜在的危险。
派生 defense(n. 防卫;防守 )
辨析 defend、guard和protect这三个动词都有“保护”之意。defend侧重使用武力或其他措施以免遭到目前的危险或攻击;guard强调非常小心地保护,以免遭受任何可能的危险或攻击;protect用法最广,一般场合下可以与其他词互换使用。
check
「熟义」n. 检查,调查;条令,约束 v. 检查,审核;控制,抑制
「生义」n. 方格图案 v. 存放;寄放
常考 check in 登记;报到;托运(行李)|| check through/over 仔细检查
示例 Before you get into setting up your own website, you should go around and do some surfing and check out other sites. 在你开始建自己的网站之前,你应该在网上多逛逛,查看一下其他的网站。( 江苏2008 )
support
「熟义」n. 支持;拥护;支撑;依据 v. 鼓励;支持;资助;证实
「生义」v. 抚养;维持
常考 in support of 支持|| support oneself 养活自己
示例 We lacked enough time and support and we didn't know how to solve the problem. 我们缺少足够的时间和支持,不知道该如何解决这个问题。( 广东2018 )
repeat
n. 重复的事情 v. 重复;重做
示例 However, information in short-term memory is kept for only a few seconds, usually by repeating the information over and over. 然而短时记忆一般通过一遍一遍重复信息才能形成,但是只能维持几秒钟。( 江苏2002 )
派生 repetition(n. 重复 )
conduct
n. 行为举止;管理方法
v. 组织;实施;指挥;引导示例 It may be a discussion of the way to keep in good health, or advice about how to behave and conduct oneself in society. 这也许是关于保持健康的方式的讨论,或者是对社会中人们应该如何表现的建议。( 广东2012 )
派生 conductor(n. 乐队指挥;售票员;导体 )
form
n. 种类;形式;表格;方式 v. 形成,构成;组建;塑造
常考 be in good form 状态良好 || fill in/up/out the form 填表格
示例 The boss required us to attach a recent photo to the application form via e-mails. 老板要求我们发送电邮时给申请表中附上一张近期拍摄的照片。( 广东2018 )
派生 formation(n. 形成;组成 )
lantern
n. 灯笼,提灯
示例 Light the lantern , and take it on your way home. 把这灯笼点亮,回家的路上带上它。
overcoat
n. 大衣
示例 There in the midst of the fog stood a slender figure in a long overcoat . 雾气中有一个穿着长款大衣的瘦弱身影。
mark
n. 污点;记号;标志;迹象;成绩 v. 作记号;标示;评分
常考 mark off 画线分隔出|| mark down 记下 || wide of the mark 毫不相关
示例 They are the mark of success or failure in our society. 在我们这个社会,它们是成功或失败的标志。( 广东2012 )
语料 A fool's bolt may sometimes hit the mark. 愚者千虑,必有一得。
tradition
n. 传统,惯例
示例 There's a tradition in our family that we have a big dinner on New Year's Eve. 我们家有个传统:除夕晚上全家要聚餐。
派生 traditional(adj. 传统的 )
litter
n.(乱扔的)垃圾;乱放的杂物 v. 乱扔;使乱七八糟
常考 be littered with 使遍布(一些不好的东西)
示例 We enforce the new law by monitoring for violations and fining those who litter . 我们通过监督违纪行为,对乱扔垃圾者处以罚款来执行新法律。
nationwide
adj. 全国性的,全国范围的
示例 These factors indicate an increasing demand for products in all our stores nationwide . 这些因素说明在全国范围内,我们商店产品的需求都会增加。
awkward
adj. 尴尬的;棘手的;难操作的;笨拙的;不适合的
示例 The president laughed off the awkward question. 总统对这个尴尬的问题一笑置之。
decrease
n. 减少;降低
v. 减小;减少;降低示例 A survey showed that the population in France had decreased because some women didn't like to have a baby for some reason or other. 一个调查显示法国的人口数量有所下降,因为有些女性出于某种原因而不愿意生孩子。( 江苏2016 )
同义 reduce/decline
instance
n. 例子;事例 v. 举……为例
常考 for instance 例如|| in the first instance 第一,首先
示例 For instance , the colored screens have replaced the black and white ones. 比如,彩色屏幕的(手机)取代了黑白屏幕的。( 辽宁2015 )
辨析 example和instance这两个名词都有“例子”之意。example用法最普遍,常含有“典型、榜样”的意思;instance多指具体的例子,但不一定是最典型的,也没有很强的代表性。
consistent
adj. 一致的,始终如一的;持续的;相符的
常考 be consistent with 与……相一致
示例 The results are completely consistent with their earlier research. 这些结果与他们早些时候的研究完全一致。
power
n. 势力,权力;政权;力量;功率,电力 v. 给……提供动力
常考 nuclear power核动力|| power failure 停电
示例 Batteries can power anything from small sensors to large systems. 电池能给包括小传感器到大型系统在内的任何东西提供动力。( 广东2018 )
派生 powerful( adj. 强大的;强有力的 )
辨析 force、strength和power这三个名词都有“力量”之意。force指克服阻力或使物体运动所需要的力,强调力的表现和发挥;strength强调人内在的力量或身体素质,也可指物体的强度,如抗打、压、拉的程度;power用法最广,可指体力、机械力,也可指智力。
语料 Knowledge is power.(Francis Bacon)知识就是力量。(弗朗西斯·培根)
vague
adj. 不清楚的;含糊的;不具体的
示例 He argues that the rules that regulate the industry are too vague . 他认为管理这个行业的规则太过含糊。
pump
n. 抽水机,泵 v. 用泵输送;涌出
常考 pump sth. into sb. 强行向某人灌输某事物
示例 The oil is pumped up from under the seabed. 石油被从海床下抽上来。
cushion
n. 软垫,靠垫 v. 缓和冲击,起缓冲作用;缓和打击;使柔和
常考 cushion against/from 缓和……的冲击
示例 She stretched on the bed and then sat up, still clutching the cushion in her arm.她在床上舒展了下身体,然后坐了起来,手里仍然抱着靠垫。
leak
n. 裂缝;泄露;(消息的)走漏 v. 漏,渗出;(消息)泄露
常考 leak out泄露,走漏,透露
示例 The explosion was caused by gas leak that killed 6 people and wounded 70 others. 爆炸是由煤气泄漏引起的,这场爆炸导致了6人死亡,70多人受伤。
辨析 drip和leak这两个动词都有“漏”之意。drip指液体一滴一滴地往下落,leak多指由于管道或容器破裂导致的泄漏。
loud
adj. 喧嚣的;大声的 adv. 响亮地,大声地
常考 loud and clear清楚明白
示例 He received a loud cheer at the end of his speech. 演讲结束时,人们为他大声地欢呼。( 广东2019 )
派生 aloud(adv. 大声地 )
pension
n. 养老金;抚恤金 v. 给……发养老金或抚恤金
示例 The government has raised the old-age pension by 30%. 国家已把养老金提高了30%。
revolve
v.(使)旋转,环绕;以……为中心
常考 revolve around 围绕
示例 The earth revolves a little more rapidly when it is closer to the sun. 当地球接近太阳时,它旋转的速度会稍快一些。( 江苏2006 )
辨析 rotate、spin和revolve这三个动词都有“旋转”之意。rotate指物体围绕自己的中心点或轴运动,或是自转;spin指快速旋转;revolve指围绕圆心的轨迹运动或公转。
lame
adj. 瘸的;站不住脚的
示例 He gave a lame excuse about being late. 他说了个站不住脚的理由来解释为何迟到。
exercise
n. 锻炼;运动;练习;习题 v. 使用;锻炼
常考 physical exercise 体育运动|| exercise of sth. 对某事物的运用
示例 Seek something enjoyable and exciting that won't feel like dreadful exercise . If you can't find it, keep looking until you do. 寻找一些令人愉快和兴奋的、不会让人感觉糟糕的运动。如果你找不到,继续找,直到找到为止。( 江苏2020 )
语料 Reading is to the mind what exercise is to the body.(Joseph Addison)读书健脑,运动强身。(约瑟夫·艾迪生)
shock
n. 冲击,震动;惊吓;休克;电击 v. 使震惊;使气愤
示例 Tom's mother was shocked that Tom had got head injury in a car accident. 汤姆在车祸中伤了头部,他妈妈十分震惊。( 广东2018 )
辨析 clash和shock这两个名词都有“冲击”之意。clash多指物体冲撞产生了声响;shock指冲击、撞击造成的影响,可以是实体的、精神的或情感上的。
familiar
adj. 熟悉的,通晓的;随便的;非正式的;冒昧的
常考 be familiar to sb. 为某人所熟悉|| be familiar with sth. 熟悉某事物
示例 I am very familiar with this city as I have been living here for more than 10 years.我在这里生活了十多年,所以我对这个城市非常熟悉。( 广东2017 )
discover
v. 发现,发觉;找到
示例 He discovered the character of the little tramp almost by accident. 他几乎是无意间找到了小流浪汉的扮演者。( 广东2011 )
派生 discovery(n. 发现 )
辨析 find和discover这两个动词都有“发现”之意。find 强调寻找的过程,或指偶然地发现;discover指发现了某种本来存在,只是以前未被发现的东西。
register
n. 登记表 v. 登记,注册;(公开地)发表意见;显露出;注意到
常考 register at 在……登记|| register with 向……登记
示例 Students lined up to register for class.学生们排队注册课程。
派生 registration(n. 登记;挂号 )
violate
v. 违反,违背;侵犯;亵渎
示例 If you ignore and violate all safety warning notices indicated in this section, the camera warranty may be void. 如果你忽视或违反了这个部分所有的安全警示条款,相机的报修单将会被视为失效。( 河南2018 )
派生 violation(n. 违反;妨碍;侵害 )
parcel
n. 包裹;一块地 v. 打包,裹
常考 parcel sth. out把某物分开
示例 He carefully placed the parcel in her hands. 他小心地把包裹放到了她的手上。
identity
n. 身份;特性;同一性
常考 identity card 身份证
示例 There has not been any clue to the identity of the killer. 关于凶手的身份目前还没有任何的线索。
ownership
n. 物主身份;所有权
示例 The legal ownership of the goods remains with the seller until the final payment has been made. 在最终付款前,货物的合法所有权仍然属于卖方。( 广东2008 )
steak
n. 牛排,肉排
示例 You can think of creative things to eat instead of the traditional chicken and steak . 你可以考虑用一些有创造性的食物来代替传统的鸡块和牛排。
compare
v. 比较,对比;与……类似
常考 compare with 与……相比|| without/beyond compare 无与伦比
示例 Women's average temperature has dropped by 0.32℃ compared with that of women born in the 1890s. 与19世纪90年代出生的女性相比,女性的平均体温下降了0.32℃。( 江苏2020 )
派生 comparative(adj. 比较的;相当的 )|| comparison(n. 比较 )
同义 contrast
humor
n. 幽默;心情
常考 sense of humor 幽默感|| out of humor 心情不好
示例 With views beyond his age and a sense of humor , Johnson soon became an international sign of the fight against racial discrimination. 由于他超越其年龄的见解和幽默感,约翰逊很快就成为全球对抗种族歧视的象征。
派生 humorous(adj. 富有幽默感的;滑稽的 )
blossom
n. 花朵 v. 开花;发展
常考 in (full) blossom盛开|| blossom into/out 发展,长成
示例 It is cherry- blossom season, a time of parties under the flowering trees. 现在正是樱花绽放,人们在花树下聚会的时节。
outdated
adj. 过时的,陈旧的
示例 We've had centuries of this outdated attitude that the only role of university is to give you a job at the end. 我们抱有这种过时的观念已几百年了,即大学的唯一任务就是在毕业时给你一份工作。
liberal
「熟义」adj. 自由的;开明的;慷慨的
「生义」n. 开明的人,支持变革的人 adj. 人文的
常考 liberal education 人文教育
示例 There is a liberal supply of food and drink for refugees. 这里慷慨地为难民供应食物和饮料。
naughty
adj. 顽皮的,淘气的;下流的,粗俗的
示例 The naughty boys chucked snowballs at each other. 淘气的男孩们相互扔雪球。
horizon
n. 地平线;眼界,阅历
常考 on the horizon 即将到来的
示例 The modern communication industry influences the way people live in society and broadens their horizons by allowing access to information, education and entertainment. 现代通信业影响人们在社会中的生活方式,并通过让人们接触信息、教育和娱乐来开阔他们的眼界。( 江苏2017 )
语料 The horizon of life is broadened chiefly by the enlargement of the heart. 生活的视野主要是随着心灵的开阔而变得宽广的。
drama
n. 戏,剧;戏剧性场面
常考 make a drama out of sth. 大惊小怪,小题大做
示例 Though the four-hour drama is wonderful, I guess most audiences will be tired as it is too long. 虽然这部长达四小时的戏剧很精彩,但是我猜测大部分观众会因为它太长而觉得疲倦。( 广东2018 )
派生 dramatic(adj. 戏剧性的 )
riot
n. 暴动,骚乱;品种众多 v. 发生骚乱,闹事
常考 a riot of 丰富的|| run riot 撒野;(想象、情感)任意发挥
示例 Mobs of youths, including many women, attacked the riot police. 年轻的暴民,其中包括许多女性,攻击了防暴警察。
派生 rioter(n. 暴徒 )
lease
n. 租约,租契 v. 出租;租得
示例 You can lease rather than buy a car. 你可以租而不是买一辆车。
辨析 hire,rent和lease这三个动词都有“租借”之意。hire指临时需要而租用或出租某物;rent指同意某人暂时使用你的东西;lease指出租或租用都可,但强调双方签了租约。
element
n. 组成部分;要素,元素
示例 A silent film depends on its visuals; as soon as you degrade those, you lose elements that go far beyond the image on the surface. 一部无声电影取决于它的视觉影像,一旦你贬低这些,你就无法欣赏到这些影像之外的要素。( 广东2006 )
派生 elementary(adj. 基本的;初级的 )
语料 The first element of success is the determination to succeed. 成功的第一要素就是成功的决心。
resolve
n. 决心,坚定的信念 v. 解决;下决心,决定
常考 resolve to do sth. 决心做某事|| resolve on sth./doing sth. 在(做)某事上下决心
示例 We must find a way to resolve these problems before it's too late. 趁时机未晚,我们必须找到一个办法去解决这些问题。
派生 resolution(n. 决心;解决 )
impose
v. 强加于,强行实行;使承受
常考 impose on/upon 迫使,强加于
示例 She didn't want to impose her values on others. 她并不想将自己的价值观强加于他人。
strike
n. 罢工;袭击 v. 打击,撞击;攻击;使突然想到
常考 strike off 除去,删掉|| strike out 开辟新路
示例 A moderate earthquake struck the northeastern part of Japan early this morning. 今早一次中等强度的地震袭击了日本东北部地区。
辨析 beat、hit和strike这三个动词都有“击打”之意。beat多指连续、反复地敲打,尤其是用棍棒打;hit和strike的意义和用法相似,但是hit强调击中。
inherit
v. 继承;接任
示例 He inherited his mother's good temper and his father's good look. 他继承了他母亲的好脾气和父亲的好相貌。
grave
n. 坟墓;死亡 adj. 严重的;深切的;严肃的
常考 a grave consequence 严重的后果
示例 The police have expressed grave concern about the missing child's safety. 警方对失踪孩子的安全深表关注。
fiscal
adj. 国库的;财政的
常考 fiscal policy 财政政策
示例 This would mean that California will enter its next fiscal year without any budget at all. 这意味着,加州将在没有任何预算的情况下进入新财政年度。
ivory
n. 象牙;长牙 adj. 乳白色的
示例 The high price of ivory is increasing the incentive to kill elephants everywhere in Africa. 象牙的高价不断地刺激着人们在非洲到处猎杀大象。
tread
n. 步法,脚步;轮胎的胎面;台阶的踏面 v. 践踏,踩;行走
常考 tread on one's heels步某人的后尘
示例 The cattle had trodden a path to the pond.牛群踩出了一条通往池塘的小径。
capacity
n. 容纳能力,容量;能力;身份,职位
示例 The silent film had extraordinary powers to draw members of an audience into the story, and an equally potent capacity to make their imaginations work. 无声电影的非凡魅力能将观众吸引到故事中,它还有同样的潜力让观众发挥想象力。( 广东2006 )
sovereign
n. 君主,元首 adj. 有主权的;至高无上的
常考 a sovereign nation 主权国家
示例 Morocco is a sovereign independent monarchy. 摩洛哥是一个有主权的独立君主国。
impatient
adj. 不耐烦的,焦急的
常考 impatient for sth./ to do sth. 急于做某事
示例 When people have to wait, they become impatient or uncomfortable. 在人们不得不等待时,他们会变得不耐烦或不安。
durable
adj. 持久的,耐用的
示例 Customers prefer durable and power efficient products nowadays. 顾客们现在更喜欢耐用又节能的产品。
owl
n. 猫头鹰
示例 Even with less of its habitat being destroyed, the spotted owl population has yet to bounce back. 尽管对其栖息地的破坏已减少,斑点猫头鹰的种群数量迄今仍未恢复。
landscape
n. 风景,景色;局面 v. 美化……的环境
示例 In addition to providing the convenience of one-step shopping, malls were transformed into landscaped parks, with benches, fountains, and outdoor entertainment. 除了提供一站式购物的便利之外,商场还被改造成了景色优美的公园,长凳、喷泉和户外娱乐设施一应俱全。( 广东2013 )
dolphin
n. 海豚
示例 Other species of dolphin , and even whales, may be similarly gifted. 其他种类的海豚,甚至鲸,可能具有同样的天赋。
portion
n. 部分,(事物的)一份 v. 把……分成若干份
示例 It may issue detailed news releases and find only small portions of them reported by the media. 它可能会发布详细的新闻稿,但是发现媒体只报道了其中的一小部分。( 广东2008 )
moderate
n. 温和派 adj. 适度的;中等的;温和的
v. 使缓和
示例 Many experiments have shown that moderate exercises contribute to good health. 很多实验都表明适度的运动有利于健康。( 广东2012 )
interior
n. 内部;里面;内陆;内政 adj. 内部的;里面的
常考 interior trade 国内贸易
示例 The interior of the country is mainly desert. 这个国家的内陆地区主要是沙漠。
fossil
n. 化石;老顽固
常考 fossil fuel 化石燃料
示例 Most of energy in the world is created from fossil fuels. 世界上大多的能量产自化石燃料。
mere
n. 湖;沼泽 adj. 仅仅的,只不过
示例 It is our capacity to reason and choose freely that makes us unique, that sets us apart from mere animals. 我们的推理能力和自由选择的能力使我们变得独特,把我们跟单纯的动物区别开。
pave
v. 铺(路)
常考 pave the way for 为……铺路或创造条件
示例 The animal tests pave the way for clinical trials in humans. 动物实验为人体临床试验铺平了道路。
evade
v. 逃避;规避;回避
示例 By his own admission, he evaded paying taxes by living abroad. 据他自己承认,他用移居国外的方法来逃税。
elite
n. 社会精英 adj. 精英的
示例 In China, tennis remains an elite sport, running far behind basketball and others in popularity. 在中国,网球仍然是一项精英运动,在普及度上远不及篮球和其他运动。