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Study questions
1. What is one commondefinition of “culture” in the study of language?
Key: One definition of ‘culture’ is‘socially acquired knowledge’.
2. What are kinship terms?
Key: Kinship terms are words used torefer to people who are members of the same family.
3. What is meant by“linguistic determinism”?
Key: It is the idea that ‘languagedetermines thought’.
4. What are classifiers?
Key: Classifiers are grammaticalmarkers that indicate the type or ‘class’ of noun.
5. Why is this sentenceungrammatical? *She gave me a good advice.
Key: It is ungrammatical becauseadvice is a non-countable noun in English, hence not used with a/an.
6. Is the following sentence more likely to bespoken by a woman or a man, and why? I think that golf on television is kindof boring, don’t you?
Key: It is more likely to be spokenby a woman because it is expressing an opinion (I think) in a non-assertiveway, using a hedge (kind of) and a tag question (don’t you?).
Tasks
A. What is thedifference between “cross-cultural,” “intercultural” and “multicultural”communication?
Key: (1) Cross-cultural:
In cross-cultural communities, there is some reaching acrossboundaries. We try to build bridges of relationship between our culturalcommunities by sharing, listening, learning, and being open to changing. Itusually requires intentionality, and programs of education andcommunity-building.
(2) Intercultural:
In intercultural communities, there is comprehensive mutuality,reciprocity, and equality. Our social structures and everyday interactions aredefined by justice, mutuality, respect, equality, understanding, acceptance,freedom, diversity, peace-making, and celebration. Intercultural communityhopes to take us deeper than multicultural or cross-cultural models ofcommunity.
(3) Multicultural:
In multicultural communities, we live alongside one another. Wevalue tolerance, and celebrate one another’s culturally distinctive cuisine,dress, music, dance, and related outward expressions of culture. It usuallyrequires only superficial and polite social interaction.
B. What is the “basiccolor term hierarchy”?
Key: —black & white
—red
—green, blue yellow
—brown
—pink, purple, orange, gray