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Directions: There are forty incomplete sentences in this part. For eachsentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best one thatcompletes the sentence, and then mark the corresponding letter on the AnswerSheet with a single line through the center.
1. The European Union countries were once worried that they wouldnot have ______ supplies of petroleum.
A. sufficient
B. efficient
C. potential
D. proficient
【答案】 A
【解析】 句意：欧盟的国家曾担心会缺乏足够的石油供应。sufficient足够的。efficient有效的。potential有潜力的。proficient精通的。
2. We’d like to ______ a table for five for dinner this evening.
A. preserve
B. reserve
C. sustain
D. retain
【答案】 B
【解析】 句意：我们想预订晚餐餐桌，五个人的。reserve预订。preserve保护。sustain维持。retain保留。
3. Britain has the highest ______ of road traffic in the world-over60 cars for every mile of road.
A. popularity
B. prosperity
C. intensity
D. density
【答案】 D
【解析】 句意：英国是世界上交通密度最大的国家，每英里的路上有超过60辆的车。density密度。popularity普及。prosperity兴旺，繁荣。intensity强度。
4. I would never have ______ a court of law if I hadn’t been sodesperate.
A. sought for
B. accounted for
C. turned up
D. resorted to
【答案】 D
【解析】 句意：如果不是因为太绝望无助，我是不会诉诸法律的。resort to诉诸。sought for寻找。account for说明（原因）；（在数量方面）占。turn up朝上翻；出现，来到；发生。
5. The energy ______ by the chain reaction is transformed into heat.
A. transferred
B. released
C. conveyed
D. delivered
【答案】 B
【解析】 句意：连锁反应所释放的能量被转化为热量。release释放，发布。transfer迁移，调动。deliver递送，引渡。convey传达，搬动。
6. It is required that during the process, great care has to betaken to protect the ______ silk from damage.
A. sensitive
B. sensible
C. tender
D. delicate
【答案】 D
【解析】 句意：按要求应该非常小心地保护精致的丝绸制品不受损害。delicate精致的，细软的；微妙的。sensitive敏感的。sensible可感觉的；明智的。tender温和的，亲切的。
7. To our ______, Geoffrey’ s illness proved not to be as serious aswe had feared.
A. relief
B. view
C. anxiety
D. judgment
【答案】 A
【解析】 句意：终于松了一口气，Geoffrey的病情并没有我们想象的那么严重。relief减轻；救济。view见解；风景。anxiety担心，焦虑。judgment判断。
8. The government will take some action to ______ the two bigquarreling companies.
A. jigsaw
B. jot
C. impulse
D. reconcile
【答案】 D
【解析】 句意：政府会采取措施协调这两大公司的矛盾的。reconcile调停，使协调。jigsaw用竖锯锯。jot匆匆记下；一点儿。impulse冲动。
9. As automation became popular in most factories, labor was made______ .
A. disincentive
B. redundant
C. diverse
D. discontent
【答案】 B
【解析】 句意：随着大多数工厂里自动化的普及，劳动力开始过剩。redundant过剩的，多余的。disincentive妨碍活动的，不利诱因的。diverse不同的。discontent不满的。
10. They have ______ her unreasonable request for her annual salary.
A. destined
B. chorded
C. repelled
D. commenced
【答案】 C
【解析】 句意：他们已经拒绝了她对年薪提出的不合理的要求。repell击退，推开，防。destine注定，命定。chord使协调。commence开始着手。
11. When you prepare for your speech, be sure to cite ______ qualifiedsources of information and examples.
A. unbiased
B. manipulated
C. distorted
D. conveyed
【答案】 A
【解析】 句意：当你准备演讲时，一定要注意引用不带偏见的合格的信息和例子。unbiased没有偏见的，公正的。manipulated操纵的。distorted受到曲解的。conveyed传达（信息）的。
12. It is apparent that winning the scholarship is ______ of one’sintelligence in the field of physics.
A. parallelism
B. alliteration
C. testimony
D. rhythm
【答案】 C
【解析】 句意：很显然，在物理研究领域，奖学金是智商的铁证。testimony证据。parallelism平行；比喻。alliteration头韵。rhythm节奏，韵律。
13. In court he repeated his ______ that he was not guilty in frontof the jury.
A. impressions
B.alliterations
C. clauses
D. assertions
【答案】 D
【解析】 句意：在法庭上，他一遍又一遍地对陪审团说他没有罪。assertion主张。impression印象。alliteration头韵。clause条款；从句。
14. Shopping malls have some advantage in suffering from shorterperiods of ______ business.
A. stale
B. slack
C. ferrous
D. abundant
【答案】 B
【解析】 句意：购物中心在短期的经济萧条时期会占一些优势。slack松弛的；不景气的。stale不新鲜的，陈腐的。ferrous含铁的。abundant丰富的。从suffer from可以看出空格内应是贬义词，所以不选D项。
15. According to the Geneva ______ no prisoners of war shall besubject to abuse.
A. Customs
B. Congresses
C. Conventions
D. Routines
【答案】 C
【解析】 句意：根据日内瓦公约，不准虐待战犯。convention公约。custom定制；习俗；海关（通常作复数）。congress国会。routine例程。
16. Before the general election many senior citizens signed the______ against the spreading of nuclear arms.
A. contract
B. petition
C. supplication
D. potential
【答案】 B
【解析】 句意：在大选开始之前，很多年长的公民签了请愿书，反对核武器扩散。petition请愿书。contract合约。supplication恳求，哀求。potential潜力。
17. Scientists believe that there is not enough oxygen in the Moon’satmosphere to ______ plant life.
A. adapt
B. personalize
C. sustain
D. describe
【答案】 C
【解析】 句意：科学家们相信月球的大气层中没有可以维持植被存活的足够的氧气。sustain维持。adapt适应。personalize人性化。describe描述。
18. I can’t remember exactly what triggered the explosion but it waspretty ______ .
A. estimating
B. devastating
C. reprocessing
D. preferring
【答案】 B
【解析】 句意：我记不得到底是什么引起了那次爆炸，但是那次爆炸破坏性很强。devastating破坏性的，灾难性的。estimating估算的。reprocessing回收的。preferring偏爱的。
19. The industry has pumped ______ amounts of money into politicalcampaigns, making it less and less likely that politicians will deal with theissue sensibly.
A. potential
B. substantial
C. massive
D. traditional
【答案】 B
【解析】 句意：工厂已经在政治活动中投入了大量的钱，但这只使得政治家们越来越不明智地处理这件事情。substantial大量的；实质的。potential潜在的。massive巨大的；块状的。traditional传统的。
20. I was entrusted to ______ to a newspaper article makingpredictions for the New Year.
A. contribute
B. detract
C. convert
D. entail
【答案】 A
【解析】 句意：我受委托给一家报纸投稿，做新年的预报工作。contribute投稿。detract减去。convert使转变。entail使必需。
21. After 1989,the external ______ vanished, but the danger toAmerican civilization remained.
A. disruption
B. menace
C. liability
D. emergence
【答案】 B
【解析】 句意：1989年以后，外在的威胁消失了，但是美国文明面临的危险仍然存在。menace威胁。disruption破坏。liability责任。emergency紧急情况。
22. The government is trying to help these enterprises out of the______ by various means.
A. flight
B. plight
C. delight
D. twilight
【答案】 B
【解析】 句意：政府正在尝试通过各种途径帮助这些企业摆脱困境。plight困境。flight飞行。delight高兴。twilight黎明。
23. An archaeologist has to pay much attention to ______ details ofan unearthed object.
A. miserable
B. minus
C. minute
D. moist
【答案】 C
【解析】 句意：考古学家必须密切关注挖掘出来的物件的各个微小的细节。minute微小的；会议记录。miserable悲惨的，痛苦的。minus减去。moist潮湿的。
24. The girl ______ her tablemate’s arm to see if she was fastasleep at class.
A. pinched
B. punched
C. pitched
D. preached
【答案】 A
【解析】 句意：小女孩掐她同桌的手臂，想看看她是否在课堂上熟睡了。pinch掐。punch以拳重击。pitch投掷。preach讲道。
25. Most of the local people involved in the affair have been ______and dismissed.
A. smuggled
B. prosecuted
C. saluted
D. thrived
【答案】 B
【解析】 句意：大多数涉案的当地人都被告发，然后又被遣散。prosecute起诉。smuggle走私。salute敬礼。thrive兴旺，繁荣。
26. I can respect someone who is ______ for their actions, but Icannot respect someone who isalways pointing the finger.
A. millennium
B. dominant
C. accountable
D. commercial
【答案】 C
【解析】 句意：我可以尊敬那些对他们自己的行为负责任的人，但是我没法尊敬那些总是用手指指着别人的人。accountable负责任的。millennium千禧年。dominant占优势的。commercial商业的。
27. All the products made in China are sold and distributed in______ with the U.S. Export Administration Regulations and also local countryrules.
A. compliance
B. prosperity
C. merchandise
D. intersection
【答案】 A
【解析】 句意：中国制造的所有产品的销售和分配都遵照美国出口管理规定和当地的法规。compliance遵从。prosperity兴旺。merchandise商品。intersection十字路口。
28. One of the main reasons is that the university’s ______ attractsstudents and faculty staff all over the world.
A. fraud
B. respondent
C. misconduct
D. prestige
【答案】 D
【解析】 句意：主要是因为这个大学的声誉吸引了来自世界各地的师生。prestige威望。fraud欺骗。respondent答辩人。misconduct不良行为。
29. Even though the investigation has been going on for two months,the police have ______ no further details about the accident.
A. comprised
B. formulated
C. released
D. incorporated
【答案】 C
【解析】 句意：虽然案件调查已经持续了两个月之久，但是警方没有再提供更多的关于这起事故的细节。release释放。comprise包含。formulate公式化。incorporate合并。
30. They want to stimulate economic growth in the region by offering______ to foreign investors.
A. incentives
B. abundances
C. warriors
D. outnumbers
【答案】 A
【解析】 句意：他们想通过针对国外投资者实行鼓励措施来促进地区经济的发展。incentive鼓励措施。abundance丰富。warrior战士。outnumber数量上超过。
31. Why be ______ about that old coat? There’ s no point in keepingit just because you were wearing it when you first met me.
A. sensitive
B. sensible
C. sentimental
D. sensational
【答案】 C
【解析】 句意：为什么要对那件旧衣服那么感情用事？没有必要因为你第一次见我时穿的它就一直把它保存着。sentimental感伤的，感情用事的。sensitive敏感的。sensible理智的。sensational使人感动的；惊人的。
32. ______ and hard work are the cornerstones of this company.
A. Mutilation
B. Innovation
C. Empire
D. Strength
【答案】 B
【解析】 句意：创新和勤奋是这个公司的基石。innovation创新。mutilation毁损。empire帝国。strength力量；长处。
33. The protests were part of their ______ against the proposedbuilding development in the area.
A. commission
B. commitment
C. convention
D. campaign
【答案】 D
【解析】 句意：这些抗议是他们反对在该地区盖房提议的活动的一部分。campaign运动；竞选活动。commission佣金；委员会。commitment承诺。convention会议；惯例。
34. Some people seem to ______ on the pressure of working under adeadline.
A. render
B. evolve
C. prevail
D. thrive
【答案】 D
【解析】 句意：有些人似乎在最后期限的压制下感受到工作的压力后才茁壮成长。thrive on以……而旺盛。render提供。evolve进化。prevail流行。
35. These changes have not been sufficient to ______ the losses.
A. stem
B. stimulate
C. cause
D. compensate
【答案】 D
【解析】 句意：这些变化还不足以补偿那些损失。compensate补偿。stem茎，干；起源于。stimulate刺激。cause引起。
36. Psychologists believe that children are easily influenced bytheir ______ .
A. conditions
B. combinations
C. peers
D. granaries
【答案】 C
【解析】 句意：心理学家相信孩子很容易受到同龄人的影响。peer同龄人。condition条件。combination结合。granary谷仓。
37. Several ______ for global warming have been suggested by climateresearchers.
A. systems
B. sentences
C. fallacies
D. hypotheses
【答案】 D
【解析】 句意：气候研究者已经提出了一些全球变暖的假设。hypothesis假设。system系统。sentence句子。fallacy谬误。
38. These natural resources will be ______ sooner or later if thepresent rate of exploitation continues.
A. depleted
B. deployed
C. inclined
D. mingled
【答案】 A
【解析】 句意：如果现阶段开采的自然资源的比率持续下去的话，这些自然资源不久将会被消耗殆尽。deplete耗尽。deploy部署。incline倾斜；有什么倾向。mingle混合。
39. The military operations ______ yesterday were targeted at themilitary installations.
A. propelled
B. commenced
C. plagued
D. modulated
【答案】 B
【解析】 句意：昨天开始着手的军事操作是专门针对那些军用设备的。commence开始着手。propel推进。plague折磨，使苦恼。modulate调整。
40. Artificial intelligence deals partly with the ______ between thecomputer and the human brain.
A. profile
B. mighty
C. analogy
D. leakage
【答案】 C
【解析】 句意：人工智能有一部分处理的是电脑和人脑之间类比的关系。analogy类比。profile给出轮廓。mighty有势力的人；强有力的。leakage泄露。
Directions: In this part of the test, there are five short passages. Read eachpassage carefully, and then do the questions that follow. Choose the bestanswer from the four choices given and mark the corresponding letter with asingle bar across the square brackets on your machine-scoring Answer Sheet.
There are over6,000 different computer and online games in the world now. A segment of themare considered to be both educational and harmlessly entertaining. One suchgame teaches geography, and another trains pilots. Others train the player inlogical thinking and problem solving. Some games may also help young people tobecome more computer literate, which is more important in thistechnology-driven era.
But the darkside of the computer games has become more and more obvious. “A segment ofgames features anti-social themes of violence, sex and crude language,” saysDavid Walsh, president of the National Institute on Media and Family.“Unfortunately, it’s a segment that seems particularly popular with kids agedfrom eight to fifteen.”
One study showedthat almost 80 percent of the computer and online games young people preferredcontained violence. The investigators said “These are not just games anymore.These are learning machines. We’re teaching kids in the most incredible mannerwhat it’s like to pull the trigger. What they are not learning are thereal-life consequences.”
They also said“The new and more sophisticated games are even worse, because they have bettergraphics and allow the player to participate in even more realistic violentacts.” In the game Carmageddon, for example, the player will have driven overand killed up to 33,000 people by the time all levels are completed. Adescription of the outcome of the game says: “Your victims not only squishunder your tires and splatter blood on the windshield, they also get on theirknees and beg for mercy, or commit suicide. If you like, you can also dismemberthem. ”
Is all thissimulated violence harmful? Approximately 3,000 different studies have beenconducted on this subject. Many have suggested that there is a connection betweenviolence in games and increased aggressiveness in the players.
Some specialistsdownplay the influence of the games, saying that other factors must be takeninto consideration, such as the possibility that kids who already have violenttendencies are choosing such games. But could it be that violent games stillplay a contributing role? It seems unrealistic to insist that people are notinfluenced by what they see. If that were true, why would the commercial worldspend billions of dollars annually for television advertising?
41. Which of the following computer games are NOT mentioned aseducational and harmlessly entertaining?
A. Those thatteach how to fly an airplane.
B. Those thatteach the features of the earth.
C. Those thathelp people use computer language.
D. Those thatteach computer technology.
42. According to the investigators ______.
A. the new andmore sophisticated games allow the players to take part in real violent acts
B. the new andmore sophisticated games teach the players how to kill other people
C. mostcomputer and online games make the players forget the real life results
D. mostcomputer and online games may cultivate young people with bad manners
43. It can be inferred from the passage that ______.
A. more andmore young people enjoy cruel computer games
B. it is hardto find evidence of a link between violence and computer games
C. there arenow more incidents of violence because of computer games
D. simulatedviolence in computer games is different from real violence
44. The author uses “television advertising” as an example to showthat ______.
A. thecommercial world are contributing to the increased violence in real life
B. computer andonline games are not the only cause of increased violence in real life
C. there islittle link between computer games and increased violence in real life
D. otherfactors must be considered as possible causes of violence in real life
【答案与解析】
41.C 第一段“…another trains pilots.”就是训练飞行员的意思，所以选项A是正确的。“Onesuch game teaches geography…”是说游戏可以教授地理知识，所以选项B是正确的。“Somegames may also help young people to become more computer literate...”所以选项D是正确的。computer language在文中没有提到。
42.D 本题可采用排除法。A项“takepart in real violent acts（参与真实的暴力行动）”与第四段首句“…even more realistic violent acts（逼真的暴力行为）”不符。“violent acts”也不一定就是杀人，故选项B错误。第四段“What they are notlearning are the real-life consequences”是“学不到”而不是本来就知道，选项C认为在玩游戏时“忘记”，故错误。所以，只有选项D为正确答案，答案依据为第三段内容。
43.C 根据第五段“there is a connection between violence in games and increasedaggressiveness in the players.”中“increased”一词可断定选项C中“more”是正确的。第五段“…3,000 differentstudies…”就是证据，故选项B错误。选项A和选项D文章中没提到。
44.A 根据文章最后一段，有些人认为也许不是游戏导致小孩有暴力倾向，而是某些小孩在玩游戏之前就已有暴力倾向。但下文“…still play a contributing role”解释说即使这样，游戏反过来又加深这些小孩的暴力倾向。文章还说“It seems unrealistic to insist that people are not influenced bywhat they see.”所以“televisionadvertising”是用来证明孩子会受所听所见影响的。故选项B、C、D不正确。
【题海拾贝】
（1）segment 分割，部分
（2）aggressive 攻击性的
（3）squish 压碎
（4）splatter 飞溅
The collapse ofthe Earth’s magnetic field—which guards the planet and guides many of itscreatures—appears to have started seriously about 150 years ago, the New YorkTimes reported last week.
The field’sstrength has decreased by 10 or 15 per cent so far and this has increased the debateover whether it signals a reversal of the planet’ s lines of magnetic force.
During areversal, the main field weakens, almost vanishes, and reappears with oppositepolarity（极）. Thetransition would take thousands of years. Once completed, compass needles thathad pointed north would point south. A reversal could cause problems for bothman and animals. Astronauts and satellites would have difficulties. Birds, fishand animals that rely on the magnetic field for navigation would find migrationconfusing. But experts said the effects would not be a big disaster, despiteclaims of doom and vague evidence of links between past field reversals andspecies extinctions.
Although a totaltransition may be hundreds or thousands of years away, the rapid decline inmagnetic strength is already affecting satellites. Last month, the EuropeanSpace Agency approved the world’s largest effort at tracking the field’sshifts. A group of new satellites, called Swarm, is to monitor the collapsingfield with far greater precision. “We want to get some idea of how this wouldevolve in the near future, just like people trying to predict the weather,”said Gauthier Hulot, a French geophysicist working on the satellite plan. “I’mpersonally quite convinced we should be able to work out the first predictionsby the end of the mission.”
No matter whatthe new findings, the public has no reason to panic. Even if a transition iscoming on its way, it might take 2,000 years to mature. The last one took place780,000 years ago, when early humans were learning how to make stone tools.Deep inside the Earth flow hot currents of melted iron. This mechanical energycreates electromagnetism. This process is known as the geophysical generator.In a car’s generator, the some principle turns mechanical energy intoelectricity.
No one knowsprecisely why the field periodically reverses. But scientists say theresponsibility probably lies with changes in the disorderly flows of meltediron, which they see as similar to the gases that make up the clouds ofJupiter.
45. According to the passage, the Earth’smagnetic field has ______.
A. misguidedmany a man and animals
B. begun tochange to its opposite direction
C. caused thechanges on the polarities
D. beenweakening its strength for a long time
46. During the transition of the Earth’smagnetic field ______.
A. compass willbecome useless
B. man andanimals will be confused in directions
C. the magneticstrength of the Earth will disappear
D. the magneticstrength of the Earth will be stronger
47. The author says “... the public has noreason to panic” because ______.
A. thetransition is still thousands of years from now
B. thetransition can be precisely predicted by scientists
C. the processof the transition will take a very long time to finish
D. the newtransition will come 780,000 years later
48. The cause of the transition of theEarth’s magnetic field comes from ______.
A. the movementdeep inside the Earth
B. the periodicallyreverses of the Earth
C. the forcecoming from outer space
D. themechanical movement of the Earth
【答案与解析】
45.D 第一段“The collapse of the Earth’s magnetic field appears to have startedseriously about 150 years ago”以及第二段“The field’s strength has decreased by 10 or 15 percent so far”说明选项D是正确的。虽然文章提到选项B的内容，但是根据第二段“this has increasedthe debate over whether it signals a reversal of the planet’s lines of magneticforce”，可以知道reversal并没有被证实已经发生。
46.B 第三段“A reversal could cause problems for both man and animals.”和“…find migration confusing”说明选项B正确。“compass needles that hadpointed north would point south.”说明选项A错误。“…themain field weakens, almost vanishes, and reappears”说明选项C和D不全面。
47.C 第五段“Even if a transition is coming on its way, it might take 2,000years to mature.”说明选项C正确。选项A是说这种转换几千年后才开始，而根据第二段“The field’sstrength has decreased by 10 or 15 percent so far”可知实际情况是这种转变已经开始了，故选项A不正确。选项B文章中没提到。而选项D跟文中事实不相符。
48.A 根据文章最后一段“…the responsibility probably lies with changes in the disorderlyflows of melted iron…”以及倒数第二段“Deep inside the Earth flow hot currents of melted iron”可知是地球深层熔化的铁不规则的流动导致的地球磁场变化，故选A项。
【题海拾贝】
（1）magnetic 有磁性的
（2）reversal 反转，改变极性
（3）panic 惊慌
The terroristattacks in London Thursday served as a jarring reminder that in today’s world,you never know what you might see when you pick up the newspaper or turn on theTV. Disturbing images of terror can trigger a visceral response no matter howclose or far away from home the event happened.
Throughouthistory, every military conflict has involved psychological warfare in one wayor another as the enemy sought to break the morale of their opponent. Butthanks to advances in technology, the popularity of the Internet, andproliferation of news coverage, the rules of engagement in this type of mentalbattle have changed.
Whether it’s amassive attack or a single horrific act, the effects of psychological warfarearen’t limited to the physical damage inflicted. Instead, the goal of theseattacks is to instill a sense of fear that is much greater than the actualthreat itself.
Therefore, theimpact of psychological terror depends largely on how the acts are publicizedand interpreted. But that also means there are ways to defend yourself and yourloved ones by putting these fears into perspective and protecting your childrenfrom horrific images.
What IsPsychological Terror? “The use of terrorism as a tactic is predicated uponinducing a climate of fear that is incommensurate withthe actual threat,” says Middle Eastern historian Richard Bulliet of Columbia University. “Every time you have an act of violence, publicizing that violencebecomes an important part of the act itself.”
“There arevarious ways to have your impact. You can have your impact by the magnitude ofwhat you do, by the symbolic character of target, or the horrific quality ofwhat you do to a single person,” Bulliet tells WebMD “The point is that itisn’t what you do, but it’s how it’s covered that determines the effect.” Forexample, Bulliet says the Iranian hostage crisis, which began in 1979 andlasted for 444 days, was actually one of the most harmless things that happenedin the Middle East in the last 25 years. All of the U.S. hostages wereeventually released unharmed, but the event remains a psychological scar for manyAmericans who watched helplessly as each evening’ s newscast counted the daysthe hostages were being held captive.
Bulliet saysterrorists frequently exploit images of a group of masked individuals exertingtotal power over their captives to send the message that the act is acollective demonstration of the group’ s power rather than an individualcriminal act. “You don’t have the notion that a certain person has taken ahostage. It’s an image of group power, and the force becomes generalized ratherthan personalized,” says Bulliet. “The randomness and the ubiquity of thethreat give the impression of vastly greater capacities.”
PsychiatristAnsar Haroun, who served in the U.S. Army Reserves in the first Gulf War andmore recently in Afghanistan, says that terrorist groups often resort topsychological warfare because it’s the only tactic they have available to them.“They don’t have M-16s, and we have M-16s. They don’t have the mighty militarypower that we have, and they only have access to things like kidnapping,” saysHaroun, who is also a clinical professor of psychiatry at the University of California, San Diego.
“Inpsychological warfare, even one beheading can have the psychological impactthat might be associated with killing 1,000 of the enemy,” Haroun tells WebMD.“You haven’t really harmed the enemy very much by killing one person on theother side. But in terms of inspiring fear, anxiety, tenor, and making us allfeel bad, you’ve achieved a lot of demoralization.”
49. Which of the following statement is NOT among the reasons thatchange the rules of psychological warfare?
A. Break themorale of their opponent.
B. Advances intechnology.
C. Thepopularity of the Internet.
D. Prosperityof media.
50. According to Richard Bulliet, why does “publicizing thatviolence become an important part of the act itself”?
A. Becausepsychological terrorism is a tactic.
B. Becauseterrorism depends on a climate of fear rather than on the actual threat.
C. Because theuse of terrorism is to inspire fear that is inappropriate to the actual threat.
D. Becausepublicizing the violence can make more people know the actual threat.
51. The Iranian hostage crisis shows that______.
A. the impactof psychological terror relies largely on how the acts are publicized
B. there arevarious ways to have the impact of psychological terror
C. the Americanmedia is effective
D. the waysdetermines the effect
52. The randomness and the ubiquity of the terrorist acts bring tothe public the impression that ______.
A. theterrorists are exerting total power over their captives
B. the threatis a collective demonstration of the group’s power
C. theterrorists are powerful and pervasive
D. the forcebecomes generalized rather than personalized
【答案与解析】
49.A 第二段最后一句提到了改变心理战规则的三个原因，不包含A项。
50.C C项与第五段“The use of terrorism...a climate of fear that is incommensurate withthe actual threat”表述相符，其中选项C中的“inappropriate”是对文章中“incommensurate”的同义替换，都是“不对称的”意思。
51.A 第六段第一句“There are various ways to have your impact”为此段中心句。后文进一步提出“The point is thatit isn’t what you do, but it’s how it’s covered that determines the effect.”其后提到的“Iranian hostage crisis”也即伊朗人质危机是作为例子说明这一点，对事件的报道方式决定了效果。其中“cover”和选项A中的“publicize”都是“报道”的意思，故选A项。
52.D 第七段明确提到恐怖活动给人的印象是“…the force becomes generalized rather than personalized...（恐怖力量变得统一化而非个性化）”。
【题海拾贝】
（1）Psychological Terror 心理上的恐怖
（2）instill 灌输
（3）hostage crisis 人质危机
（4）demoralization 士气沮丧
（5）tactic 战略，策略
In a year marked by uncertainty and upheaval, officials at New Orleans universities that draw applicants nationwide are not following the usual rules of thumb when it comesto college admissions. The only sure bet, they say, is that this fall’sentering classes—the first since Katrina—will be smaller than usual.
In typicalyears, most college admissions officials can predict fairly by this point inthe admissions cycle how many high school seniors will commit to enrolling intheir institutions. Many of the most selective schools require students—whoincreasingly are applying to multiple institutions—to make their choices by May1. Loyola University, whose trustees will vote May 19 on whether to dropseveral degree programs and eliminate 17 faculty positions, received fewerapplications—about 2.900 to date, compared with 3,500 in recent years. The school hopes to enroll 700 freshman, down from 850 in the past few years. Historically black Dillard University, which is operating out of a hotel and was forced to cancel its annualMarch open house, also saw drops, as did Xavier University, a historicallyblack Catholic institution that fell behind its recruitment schedule. Dillardwon’t release numbers, but spokeswoman Maureen Larkins says applications weredown and enrollments are expected to be lower than in the past. Xavieradmissions dean Winston Brown says its applicant pool fell by about half oflast year’s record 1,014; he hopes to enroll 500 freshman.
In contrast, Tulane University, which is the most selective of the four and developed an aggressiverecruitment schedule after the hurricane, enjoyed an 11% increase inapplications this year, to a record 20,715. Even so, officials predict thatfewer admitted students will enroll and are projecting a smaller-than-usualfreshman class—1,400, compared with a more typical 1,600. Tulane officialsannounced in December that they would eliminate some departments and facultypositions.
Like Tulane,other schools are taking extra stops this year to woo admitted student, oftenby enlisting help from alumni around the country and reaching out to studentswith more e-mail, phone calls or Web-based interactions such as blogs. Inaddition, Loyola is relaxing deadlines, sweetening the pot with largerscholarships and freezing tuition at last year’s level. Dillard, too, isfreezing tuition. It’s also hosting town meetings in target cities and regionsnationwide, and moved its academic calendar back from August to mid-September“to avert the majority of the humane season,” Larkins says. Xavier extended itsapplication deadline and stepped up its one-on-one contact with accepted students.And Tulane, among other things, has doubled the number of on-campus programsfor accepted students and hosed a community service weekend program.
While theschools expect applicants to be apprehensive, the admissions officials also seeencouraging signs of purposefulness among applicants. “A lot of students whoare choosing to come to this city are saying, ‘I want to be a part of theaction,’” says Stieffel, nothing that Loyola’s transfer applications were up30%. And while applications to Xavier are down, Brown is betting that studentswho do apply are serious. “The ones who are applying, we feel, are more likelyto come,” he says.
53. It can be inferred from the passagethat ______.
A. many of thestudents require smaller classes than usual in the institutions
B. most college admissions officials cannot predict how manystudents will commit to enrolling in their institutions by May 1 this year
C. many of the students are increasingly applying to multipleinstitutions to make their choices by May 1 this year
D. in typicalyears, most colleges require students to apply and commit to their institutions
54. The following statements are all falseother than ______.
A. Tulane University also saw drops in applications this year
B. Xavier University, as a historically black Catholic institution,fell behind the recruitment schedule of Dillard University
C. Xavier admissions dean Winston Brown says the total number thathe hopes to enroll is about 1,500 freshman
D. Loyola University will vote on whether to eliminate 17 facultypositions due to receiving fewer applications of students
55. In order to attract applicants, LoyolaUniversity and Dillard University are ______.
A. reducing thetuition respectively
B. hostingmeetings
C. increasingthe scholarships respectively
D. extendingthe application deadline
56. The passage mainly concentrates on thesubject of ______.
A. the drops ofthe applicants of the universities
B. the dilemmaof the admission officials
C. the usualrules of college admissions
D. the effectsof the hurricanes
【答案与解析】
53.B 根据第二段“In typical years, most college admissions officials can predictfairly by this point…Many of the most selective schools require student…to maketheir choices by May 1.”（通常情况下，大学的招生机构可以预测招收学生的数量，但是今年不同往年。）可知今年在五月一号之前是预测不到招收的学生的数量的，故选项B正确。选项A和C与原文不符。选项D缺少时间限定，不全面。
54.D 第二段“Loyola University…received fewer applications”，即收到的申请减少，因而将会“vote…on whetherto…eliminate 17 faculty positions”，注意received和will vote的时态，暗示两者间的因果关系，容易判断出D选项正确。第三段“Tulane University…enjoyed an 11% increase in applications this year”收到的申请并没有减少，反而较往年多出11%，故选项A错误。第二段“Xavier University…fellbehind its recruitment schedule”落后于自己原先安排的日程而不是“fell behind the recruitment schedule of Dillard University”，故选项B不正确。第二段“Dean Winston Brownsays…he hopes to enroll 500 freshmen.”故选项C错误。
55.D 根据第四段“…Loyola is relaxing deadlines…Dillard…moved its academic calendarback…”可以判断选项D正确。
56.A 文章通篇主要讲述的是学校申请者比以往少，所以各个学校采取各种措施争取生源。故选A项。选项C跟原文意思正好相反。选项B和D不是文章的重点。
【题海拾贝】
（1）admission 录取
（2）enrollment 招生
（3）application 申请
The difference between avian flu and human flu that should becommanding our rapt attention today is that avian influenza, specifically the H5N1 strain known as bird flu, threatens to becomethe young people’s plague. And it is a growing contender to cause a devastatingworldwide pandemic in the next few years. We are too used to thinking of flu asan annual annoyance that kills only the frail and elderly, But that just isn’tthe case for H5N1, With a mortality rate of over 50 percent, this bird flu has killedover 110 people, striking the young and able-bodied the hardest. Its victimscluster predominantly among 5-to-30-year-olds, a pattern that has held up inthe 34 known to have died from bird flu so far this years.
Thisvulnerability may stem from the robust and fast-responding immune systems ofthe young. The victims overreact to the alien virus, triggering a massiveimmune response called a cytokine storm, turning healthy lungs into a soddenmass of dying tissues congested with blood, toxic fluid, and rampaginginflammatory cells. As air spaces choke off, the body loses oxygen and otherorgans fail.
Scientists haverecently shown that H5N1 has ominous parallels with the devastating 1918 flupandemic, which also jumped directly to humans from birds anddisproportionately attacked the young and the strong. With a pattern highlysuggestive of a cytokine storm, death sometimes came within just hours, turningmany World War Ⅰ troop ships into death ships.
Now imaginehundreds of thousands of young people laboring on respirators, or lying alonein corridors and makeshift hospital-rooms, too sick to be helped when thesupply of beds, equipment, and trained staff run out. Seem like hype? Not tothe medical experts who discussed these scenarios during last week’s U.S. NewsHealth Summit on emergency preparedness.
This pictureputs a face on the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services’ projectionsthat, if H5N1 mutates into a readily human-transmissible form, 209,000 to 1.9million Americans could die. Part of our readiness thinking should be to heedthe blunt words of HHS Secretary Michael Leavitt at the summit: Any family orcommunity that fails to prepare for the worst, with the expectation that thefederal or state government will come to the rescue, will be “tragicallywrong.” In a pandemic, the government’s medical resources will be stretchedthin, and it won’t be able to guarantee first-line help to any hometown, localhospital, or college campus. Even the national stockpile of Tamiflu, theantiviral that is the best we have to prevent or lessen the impact of theillness, has its limits. If a college student is hospitalized with a possibleH5N1 infection, the feds will provide drugs. But they will not make itavailable to fend off the virus in the many others who may have come in closecontact with the infected student. In the existing federal guidance on H5N1,the young and healthy fall into the lowest-priority group for antiviral drugsand vaccines, Student health centers or other providers had better scrounge uptheir own stockpiles. Containing possible outbreaks on college campuses may beall but impossible. Social distancing—avoiding close contact with other peoplewith air kisses instead of smooches, or even by donning masks and gloves—willbe tough to enforce.
The threat posesa uniquely difficult challenge. In the best of all scenarios, the virus will loseits fury and leave in its wake a new culture of individual and communitypreparedness. But we need to get ready now, and not for the best scenario butfor the worst.
57. The difference between avian flu andhuman flu is that ______.
A. the avianflu should be commanding our rapt attention
B. the avianflu mainly threatens the young people
C. the avianflu is to cause a devastating worldwide pandemic in the next few years
D. the avianflu is an annual annoyance that kills only the frail and elderly
58. The reason that bird flu strikes theyoung and able-bodied the hardest may be ______.
A. the bodyloses oxygen and other organs fail
B. a soddenmass of dying tissues
C. theenthusiastic immune systems of the young
D. theoverreaction of blood, toxic fluid, and rampaging inflammatory cells
59. According to the author, which is the best source that collegestudents can rely upon if there are outbreaks of bird flu on college campuses?
A. The nationalstockpile of Tamiflu.
B. Thegovernment’s medical resources.
C. Drugsprovided by the reds,
D. Thestockpile of the student health centers.
60. We can learn from the passage that______.
A. it isimpossible that bird flu outbreaks on college campuses
B. the reason that bird flu may impossibly outbreak on collegecampuses is that social distancing will be tough to enforce there
C. bothindividuals and communities should be
D. we need toget ready now for the worst scenario prepared for the fury of bird flu
【答案与解析】
57.B 根据第一段“The difference between avian flu and human flu…is that avianinfluenza…threatens to become the young people’s plague.”可知禽流感和一般的人类流感的区别在于前者是青少年的瘟疫，故选B项。
58.C 第二段“This vulnerability may stem from the robust and fast-respondingimmune systems of the young.”，故选C选项。选项A、B、D都只是片面的免疫系统发生病变的现象。
59.D 根据倒数第二段，“the government’s medical resources…won’t be able to guaranteefirst-line help to any…college campus”，政府所能提供的医疗资源并不能完全保障大学校园的需求，由“Even the national stockpile of Tamiflu…has its limits”以及“they(feds) will not make itavailable to fend off the virus in the many others”可知，选项A、B、C中提到的national、government和feds（美国联邦政府）的医疗资源都不是可供大学生依赖的最好资源。下文中提到“Student health centers or other providers had better scrounge uptheir own stockpiles”，学生健康中心应该自行准备药物储备，可知选项D正确。
60.D 根据文章最后一段“But we need to get ready now, and not for the best scenario but forthe worst.”可知D选项正确。由倒数第二段“Containing possibleoutbreaks on college campuses may be all but impossible.”可知选项A和B错误。选项C正好和原文相反。
【题海拾贝】
(1) avian flu 禽流感
(2) cluster 群集
(3) vulnerability 脆弱性
(4) stem from 起源于
(5) congest with 拥塞
(6) ominous 不详的
(7) mutate 变异
(8) respirator 呼吸器
Directions: There are twenty blanks in the following passage. For each blankthere are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should choose the ONE thatbest fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.
The changes inglobally averaged temperature that have occurred at the Earth’s surface overthe past century are similar in size and timing to those 61._____ by modelsthat take into account the combined influences of human factors and solarvariability.
To 62._____ thequestion of attribution requires the 63._____ of more powerful and complexmethods, beyond the use of global averages alone. New studies have focused on 64._____maps or patterns of temperature change in 65._____ and in models. Patternanalysis is the climatologica1 equivalent of the more comprehensive tests inthe medical analogy mentioned 66._____, and makes it possible to achieve moredefinitive 67._____ of observed climate changes to a particular cause orcauses.
The expectedinfluence of human activities is thought to be much more complex than uniformwarming over the entire surface of the Earth and over the whole 68._____ cycle.Patterns of change over space and time therefore provide a more powerful 69._____technique. The basic idea 70._____ pattern-based approaches is that different 71._____causes of climate change have different characteristic patterns of climateresponse or fingerprints, Attribution studies seek to 72._____ a fingerprintmatch between the patterns of climate change 73._____ by models and thoseactually observed.
The most recentassessment of the science suggests that human activities have led to adiscernible 74._____ on global climate and that these activities will have anincreasing influence on future climate. The burning of coal, oil and naturalgas, as well as various agricultural and industrial practices, are 75._____ thecomposition of the atmosphere and contributing to climate change. These humanactivities have led to increased atmospheric 76._____ of a number of greenhousegases, including carbon dioxide, methane and so on in the lower atmosphere.
Humanactivities, such as the burning of fossil, have also increased the 77._____ ofsmall Particles in the atmosphere. These particles can change the 78_____ ofenergy that is absorbed and reflected by the atmosphere. They are also believedto modify the 79._____ of air and clouds, changing the amount of energy thatthey absorb and reflect. Intensive studies of the climatic effects of theseparticles began only recently and the overall 80._____ is uncertain. It islikely that the net effect of these small particles is to cool the climate andto partially offset the warming of increasing concentrations of greenhousegases.
61. A. incensed
B. personify
C. interact
D. predicted
62. A. array
B. ascertain
C. probe
D. perturb
63. A. application
B. integration
C. avenge
D. intervene
64. A. conforming
B. comparing
C. biding
D. budgeting
65. A. junctions
B. junctures
C. obligations
D. observations
66. A. optionally
B. ornamentally
C. previously
D.predicatively
67. A. attribution
B. autonomy
C. indication
D. induction
68. A. immune
B. seasonal
C. formidable
D. perceptible
69. A. analysis
B. disposal
C. antigen
D. disincentive
70. A. avenging
B.underestimating
C. ascending
D. underlying
71. A. potential
B. respectable
C. secretive
D. sturdy
72. A. weary
B. obtain
C. wink
D. retard
73. A. oriented
B. kenned
C. predicted
D. lapsed
74. A. modification
B. nomination
C. penetration
D. influence
75. A. paving
B. altering
C. retreating
D. saluting
76. A. stabilities
B. popularities
C. concentrations
D. hierarchies
77. A. abundance
B. hemisphere
C. fixture
D. distress
78. A. burial
B.argumentation
C. legislation
D. amount
79. A. disposals
B. properties
C. certainties
D. blends
80. A. calculation
B. assignment
C. budget
D. effect
【答案与解析】
61.D 过去一个世纪里实际气候的变化和（气候）模型推测出来的变化结果在大小和时间上相似。predict预测。incense使愤怒。personify拟人化。interact相互影响。首先这个位置不是谓语，所以排除B选项和C选项。A选项语义不符。
62.C 要进一步探索成因问题。probe探索。array排列。ascertain确定。perturb扰乱。
63.A 就需要应用到更加强有力的更加复杂的方法。此处很显然应当填入名词，首先排除C、D两个选项。integration整合，词义不符。
64.B 新的研究注重比较不同的图像以及气温变化的模式。compare比较。conform使符合，使一致；使相似。bide面临；等候。budget做预算；详细规划。
65.D 新的研究旨在观察值和模型中找到气温变化的模式。observation观察值。junction节点。juncture连接。
66.C 气候模式分析相当于前面提到的医疗模拟中更为全面的测试。previously在此之前。optionally选择地。ornamentally装饰地。predicatively肯定地。
67.A 模式分析有助于找到已观察到的气候变化的成因。attribution归因。
68.B 人类活动的影响比单一的全球变暖对地球表面和四季更替的影响复杂得多。
69.A 时空变化的模式因而提供了一种强有力的分析技术。disposal处理。antigen抗原。disincentive妨碍活动的。
70.D 以模式为基础的方法后面的基本理念是……。underly位于……之下，成为……的基础。avenge报复，报仇。underestimate低估。ascend上升，攀登。
71.A 不同的潜在的气候变化原因可能有不同的气候反馈模型。
72.B 对气候变化模型和实际的观察结果进行匹配。obtain获得。weary厌倦的。wink闪烁。retard阻碍。
73.C 由模型推测出的气候变化的模式。predict推测。orient导向。ken知道。lapse堕落。
74.D 人类活动对全球气候影响显著。modification修改。nomination任命。penetration渗透。
75.B 燃料的燃烧和工农业活动正在改变大气的组成成分。其他选项语义不符。
76.C 人类活动导致大气中的温室气体浓度逐渐增加。concentration浓度。其他选项语义不符。
77.A 人类活动导致大气中的微小颗粒大量增多。abundance丰富。其他选项语义不符。
78.D 这些小颗粒会改变大气吸收和反射的能量的多少。
79.B 这些小颗粒也改变空气和云的性质。property性质。disposal处理。certainty必然，确定的事情。blend混合物。
80.D 文章最后两句都是在说小颗粒带来的影响，提到了气候影响，即对气候的影响，还有整体影响，不过这个结果还未知。
【题海拾贝】
（1）pattern analysis 图样分析
（2）climatological equivalent 气候当量
（3）discernible 可辨别的
（4）atmospheric 大气的
（5）carbon dioxide 二氧化碳
（6）methane 甲烷
Directions: There isan English passage below. Translate it into Chinese, and put it on the Answer Sheet.
For most ofhuman history, the dominant concerns about energy have centered on the benefitside. Inadequacy of energy resources of the technologies for harvesting,converting, and distributing those resources has meant insufficient energybenefits to human beings and hence inconvenience, and constraints on itsgrowth. The 1970’s, then, represented a turning point. Energy was seen to be getting costlier in all respects. It began to be believable thatexcessive energy costs could pose threats on a par with those of insufficientsupply. It also became possible to think that expanding some forms of energysupply could create costs exceeding the benefits.
The crucialquestion at the beginning of the 1990’s is whether the trend that began in the 1970’s will prove to be temporary or permanent. Is the era of cheap energy really over, or will a combination of new resources, new technology andchanging geopolitics bring it back? One key determinant of the answer is thestaggering scale of energy demand brought forth by I00 years of populationgrowth and industrial demand.
Except for thehuge pool of oil underlying the Middle East, the cheapest oil and gas arealready gone. Even if a few more giant oil fields are discovered, they willmake little difference against consumption on today’ s scale. Oil and gas willhave to come increasingly, for most countries, from deeper in the earth andfrom imports whose reliability and affordability cannot be guaranteed.
【参考译文】
人类历史的发展长河中，对能源的关注几乎都集中在其有利的一面。能源短缺或者是在开采、转化和分配能源的技术上的不足减少了能源的积极作用，从而产生能源使用的不便，其发展也受到限制。20世纪70年代是一个转折点，能源全方位涨价。人们开始认为，高昂的能源成本所带来的威胁已经同能源供应不足所产生的危险不相上下。同时，也有人担心扩大能源供应的形式产生的成本额可能高于它带来的利益。
20世纪90年代初期人们关注的焦点在于始于20世纪70年代的能源趋势是暂时的还是永久的。廉价能源时代真正一去不返了，还是通过开发新能源、应用新技术、改革地缘政治秩序等措施还能够重返历史舞台？决定答案的关键在于100年来人口增长和工业需求导致对能源的惊人需求。
除了中东地区地下大片的石油之外，廉价的石油和天然气已经荡然无存。即使找到几个大的油田，同当今的能源消耗规模相比，也是杯水车薪了。对于大多数国家而言，油气资源越来越多地依赖于深层油藏，越来越多地依赖于进口能源，而油气进口无论是资源供应的可靠性还是进口国家的支付能力都难以得到保证。
【解析】
本文翻译时要注意调整语序。比如Inadequacy of energy resources of the technologies for harvesting,converting, and distributing those resources has meant insufficient energybenefits to human beings and hence inconvenience, and constraints on itsgrowth.就应该把of后面的成分提前作定语。对于“henceinconvenience”这种省略部分应该采用增译法把句意补充完整，故译成“从而产生能源使用的不便”。文章中的句子的风格应该尽量保持，比如说最后一句“from deeper in the earth and from imports”，在翻译的过程中不能只翻成“从更深的地下和从进口而来”，这种翻译形式对应但是语言表达不符合中文习惯，故翻译成“越来越多地依赖于深层油藏，越来越多地依赖于进口能源”，两个“依赖于”跟原文中的两个“from”对应，并且译文通过增译和语序的调整表达更加符合中文的习惯。总体看来，本文翻译结构形式与原文相符，语言表达符合中文语言习惯，基本上做到了准确到位。
【题海拾贝】
（1）excessive 过多的
（2）on a par with 与……同等，与……齐名
（3）staggering 蹒跚的；惊人的，巨大的
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 50 minutes to write a composition ofno less than 300 words under the title of “Advantagesand Disadvantages of Doing Research Online.” Your composition should bebased on the following outline:
1) Present situation about doing researchonline
2) Advantages for online research
3) Disadvantages for online research
【参考范文】
Nowadays moreand more people prefer to do research online. They think it’s much better thandoing face-to-face research. However, some other people doubt it by claimingthat doing research online is unreliable. Actually, there are some advantagesand disadvantages of doing research online.
As for theadvantages of doing research online, it’s convenient, paper-saving andprotecting people’s privacy. First of all, it’s very convenient to do researchonline. For example, if you want to do some research on how students thinkabout the canteens in their universities and what they think should be done toimprove them, you can simply post the questionnaire on your blog and inviteyour friends from different universities to finish the questionnaire. By doingthis, you can easily collect data and finish your research. Secondly, doingresearch online is paper-saving. As mentioned above, if you do your researchonline, you use e-questionnaire instead of printing them out and handing themout to dozens of friends from different universities. Thirdly, doing researchonline can protect people’s privacy. For instance, if you want to conduct aresearch on how many college students have fallen in love and how they feelabout the relationship and what is their expectation, etc. Many students aretoo shy to share it with others. So by posting the questionnaire on theinternet and inviting students to finish it and send it to your email boxanonymously, you can get what you want. It’s so much better than askingstudents those questions face-to-face. That way if you are unlucky to meet noopen-minded students, maybe you get nothing.
As for thedisadvantages of doing research online, it’s not reliable and sometimes it’snot practicable. First of all, if you do you research online anonymously,because not all netizens will take your research seriously, for those who wantto meddle in, have fun and don’t answer the questionnaire honestly, it willaffect the accuracy of your data collecting. Secondly, some research are notpracticable to be done online. For instance, if you study psychology and youwant to find out how people react when they meet strangers. Will they lookaround showing anxiety? Will they rub their hands? Will they stammer? How longdoes it take before they calm down and talk with ease? All those need you to dothe research face-to-face in order to observe them carefully.
To sum up,before doing research online, one had better weigh the advantages anddisadvantages.
【解析】
本文严格按照题中要求先分析现状，然后再分析网上做研究的利和弊。利这方面是从方便、节省纸张、保护隐私三个角度来分析的。弊这方面是从可靠性和某些研究的不可行性来分析的。文章思路清晰，结构清楚，语言组织很不错。
【题海拾贝】
（1）questionnaire 调查问卷
（2）anonymously 匿名地
（3）stammer 口吃