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第1部分：词汇选项（第1～15题，每题1分，共15分）
下面每个句子中均有1个词或者短语划有底横线，请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。
1. The group does not advocate the use of violence.
A. limit
B. regulate
C. support
D. oppose
【答案】 C
【解析】 句意：这个组织不主张使用暴力。划线词advocate是动词，意为“主张，提倡”。limit限制。regulate调节，控制。support支持。二者意思相近，符合题意。oppose反对。故本题正确答案为C。
2. His stomach felt hollow with fear.
A. empty
B. sincere
C. respectful
D. terrible
【答案】 A
【解析】 句意：他吓得魂不附体。划线词hollow为形容词，意为“空洞的”。 empty空的。二者意思相近，符合题意。sincere真诚的。respectful恭敬的。Terrible可怕的。故本题正确答案为A。
3. His professionalcareer spanned 16 years.
A. started
B. changed
C. moved
D. lasted
【答案】 D
【解析】 句意：他的职业生涯长达16年。划线词span为动词，意为“跨越，持续”。start开始。Change 改变。move移动。last持续。二者意思相近，符合题意。故本题正确答案为D。
4. His knowledge ofFrench is fair.
A. very useful
B. very limited
C. quite good
D. rather special
【答案】 C
【解析】 句意：他的法语知识很不错。划线词fair为形容词，意为“很好的”。useful非常有用。limited非常有限的。good很好的。二者意思相近，符合题意。special非常特别的。故本题正确答案为C。
5. Afterwards there wasjust a feeling of let down .
A. excitement
B. anger
C. calm
D. disappointment
【答案】 D
【解析】 句意：在此之后，一阵失望袭来。划线词组let-down为名词，意为“失望”。excitement兴奋的，高兴的。anger愤怒的。calm冷静的。disappointment失望。二者意思相近，符合题意。故本题正确答案为D。
6. It was a magic nightuntil the spell was broken.
A. time
B. charm
C. space
D. opportunity
【答案】 B
【解析】 句意：在咒语被打破之前，那都是个神奇的夜晚。划线词spell为名词，意为“魅力；咒语”。time时间。charm魅力。二者意思相近，符合题意。space空间。opportunity机会。故本题正确答案为B。
7. The worst agonies of the war were now beginning.
A. pains
B. parts
C. aspects
D. results
【答案】 A
【解析】 句意：战争中最深重的苦难现在开始了。划线词agony为名词，意为“极大的痛苦”。pain疼痛。二者意思相近，符合题意。part部分。aspect方面。result结果。故本题正确答案为A。
8. He led a very moral life.
A. honorable
B. human
C. intelligent
D. natural
【答案】 A
【解析】 句意：他这个人一向很正派。划线词moral为形容词，意为“品行端正的，道德的，精神的”。honorable值得尊敬的。二者意思相近，符合题意。human人类的，人的。Intelligent聪明的。natural自然的。故本题正确答案为A。
9. They are trying to identify what is wrong with the present system.
A. prove
B. discover
C. consider
D. imagine
【答案】 B
【解析】 句意：他们正试图弄清现行制度的弊端所在。划线词identify为动词，意为“确定，发现”。 prove证明。discover发现。二者意思相近，符合题意。consider考虑。imagine想象。故本题正确答案为B。
10. Several windows hadbeen smashed .
A. cleaned
B. replaced
C. broken
D. fixed
【答案】 C
【解析】 句意：几扇窗户被打碎了。划线词smash为动词，意为“打碎”。clean打扫，使干净。replace更换。break破坏。二者意思相近，符合题意。fix修理。故本题正确答案为C。
11. London quicklybecame a flourishing port.
A. major
B. large
C. successful
D. commercial
【答案】 C
【解析】 句意：伦敦迅速成为一个繁荣的港口。划线词flourishing为形容词，意为“繁荣的”。major主要的。large大的。successful成功的。二者意思相近，符合题意。commercial商业的。故本题正确答案为C。
12. The committee wasasked to render a report on the housing situation.
A. copy
B. furnish
C. publish
D. summarize
【答案】 B
【解析】 句意：委员会被要求提交关于住房情况的报告。划线词render为动词，意为“提出，实施”。copy复制。furnish提供，供应。二者意思相近，符合题意。publish出版。summarize总结。故本题正确答案为B。
13. The curriculum wastoo narrow and too rigid .
A. hidden
B. inflexible
C. traditional
D. official
【答案】 B
【解析】 句意：课程设置过于狭窄和死板。划线词rigid为形容词，意为“死板的”。 hidden隐藏的。inflexible顽固的。二者意思相近，符合题意。traditional传统的。official官方的。故本题正确答案为B。
14. The majority ofpeople around here are decent .
A. real
B. honest
C. normal
D. wealthy
【答案】 B
【解析】 句意：这附近的大多数人都是正派的。划线词decent为形容词，意为“得体的，正派的”。 real真实的。honest诚实的。二者意思相近，符合题意。normal普通的。wealthy富有的。故本题正确答案为B。
15. She felt that shehad done her good deed for the day.
A. homework
B. act
C. justice
D. model
【答案】 B
【解析】 句意：她觉得自己做了一件善事。划线词deed为名词，意为“行动”。homework家庭作业。act行为，行动。二者意思相近，符合题意。justice司法，正义。model模型，模范。故本题正确答案为B。
第2部分：阅读判断（第16～22题，每题1分，共7分）
下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C。
The Most Wonderful Islands
The Palm Islands are the largest artificial islands in theworld and are under construction in Dubai, in the United Arab Emirates. Theyare being developed as tourist, leisure and residential resorts, and will increasethe coastline of the country by 120 kilometers.
After four years of planning and careful consideration ofthe environmental issues, construction started in 2001. Dutch engineers withexperience of reclaiming land from the sea were employed in the building of thefirst two islands. The site for all three islands is an area of the sea wherethe water is not very deep. Sand is taken from the seabed and sprayed into theconstruction site. Although’ the shallow water facilitates this process, the islandsare still very exposed to the currents and tidal movements of the sea. Rocksare used to hold the sand in place resulting in a large crescent（月状的）structure. This acts as a breakwater and protects the islands from thesea.
The first two islands are in the shape of date palm treesand consist of a trunk and 17 fronds, or leaves, coming off the trunk. Thefirst island, named Palm Jumeirah, has three five-star hotels in the trunk, andluxury homes in the leaves. It is astonishing that when these homes went on salein 2004, they were all sold within three days.
The second palm Jebel Ali, was started in 2002 and isdesigned to be an entertainment centre. Six marinas（小游艇船坞） are planned, with a water theme park, and home built onstilts（桩柱） in the water.
The Palm Deira is planned to be the largest of the three islands,with a length of 14 km and a width of 8.5 km, an area larger than the city of Paris. It will consist of residential properties, marinas, shopping malls, sports facilities,and clubs. These will be open to both residents and tourists.
More artificial islands, the World Islands, are now beingconstructed near the Palm Jumeirah. They consist of 300 private islands groupedinto the shape of the continents of the world and will be used for estates,private homes, community islands, and resorts.
Unquestionably, these artificial islands are one of thewonders of the modern world. They will also maintain Dubai’s status as one ofthe leading tourist destinations in the region.
16. Some Dutchengineers are experienced in reclaiming land from the sea.
A. Right
B. Wrong
C. Not mentioned
17. The islands arebeing built in the deep water of the sea.
A. Right
B. Wrong
C. Not mentioned
18. Rocks for buildingthe breakwater were taken from the World of Islands.
A. Right
B. Wrong
C. Not mentioned
19. All the luxuryhomes on Palm Jumeirah were sold.
A. Right
B. Wrong
C. Not mentioned
20. The water themepark in Jebel Ali will attract more tourists.
A. Right
B. Wrong
C. Not mentioned
21. The Palm Deira willbe the same size as Paris.
A. Right
B. Wrong
C. Not mentioned
22.The World Islands are bigger than the Palm Jumeirah
A. Right
B. Wrong
C. Not mentioned
【答案与解析】
16.A 根据文中第第二段第二句：“Dutch engineers with experience of reclaimingland from the sea were employed in the building of the first two islands.”可知，在之前建立的两个岛屿的时候，他们就聘请了在填海造地方面很有经验的荷兰工程师。故题干的说法为“正确”的。
17.B 根据文中第第二段第三句：“The site for all three islands is an area ofthe sea where the water is not very deep.”可知，三个岛屿的选址都选在浅水域。故题干的说法为“错误”的。
18.C 文中未找到相关陈述，只在第二段末提及breakwater，但没有说明建立的岩石来自哪里，故题干的说法为“未提及”的。
19.A 根据文中第三段最后一句：“It is astonishing that when these homes went onsale in2004，they were all sold within three days.”可知，令人吃惊的是这些房屋在2004年出售，三天之内全部售完。故题干的说法为“正确”的。
20.C 文中第文章第四段有关乎阿里山水主题公园的陈述，但没有明确说明是否会吸引大批游客。故题干的说法为“未提及”的。
21.B 根据文中第五段第一句：“The Palm Deira is planned to be the largest ofthe three islands，with a length of 14 km and a width of8.5 km，anarea larger than the city of Paris.”可知，代拉棕榈岛计划成为三个岛屿中最大的一个，长14千米宽8.5千米，比巴黎还要大，故题干的说法为“错误”的。
22.C 根据文中倒数第二段的相关叙述可知，本段提及世界岛这一岛屿的建设构想，且建设位置离朱美拉棕榈岛很近，但是没有说两个岛屿哪个更大，故题干的说法为“未提及”的。
第3部分：概括大意和完成句子（第23～30题，每题l分，共8分）
下面的短文后有2项测试任务：(1)第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第1～4段每段选择1个最佳标题；(2)第27～30题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定1个最佳选项。
The Storyteller
1. Steven Spielberg has always had one goal: to tell asmany interesting stories to as many people as possible. The son of a computerscientist and a pianist, Spielberg spent his early childhood in New Jersey and then, Arizona. Some of his childhood memories became the inspiration for hisfilmmaking.
2. Even decades later, Spielberg says he has vivid memoriesof his earliest years, which are the origins of some of his most successful films.He believes that E. T. is the result of the difficult years leading upto his parent’s 1966 divorce. He commented, “It is really about a young boy whowas in search of some stability in his life.” Close Encounters of The ThirdKind was inspired by times when the four-year-old Steven and his father wouldsearch the skies for meteors（流星）。 His mother remembers, “He was scared of justabout everything. When trees brushed against the house, he would jump into mybed. And that’s just the kind of scary stuff he would put in films like Poltergeist.”
3. Spielberg was 11 when he first got his hands on his dad’smovie camera and began shooting short flicks（电影） about flyingsaucers （飞碟） and World War Ⅱ battles. These nomemade movies, gave him a way to escape his fears. From thevery beginning, he had a creative imagination. With his talent for scarystorytelling, he could terrify his three younger sisters. It also made iteasier for him to make friendships. On Boy Scout camping trips, when night fell,young Steven became the center of attention. “Steven would start telling hisghost stories,” says Richard Y. Hoffman. Jr., leader of Troop294, “and everyonewould suddenly get quiet so that they could all hear.”
4. Spielberg moved to California’ with his father and wentto high school there, but his grades were so bad that he barely graduated. BothUCLA and USC film schools rejected him, so he entered California State University at Long Beach because it was close to Hollywood. Spielberg was determined tomake movies, and he managed to get an unpaid, non-credit internship（实习）inHollywood. Soon he was given a contract, and he dropped out of college. Henever looked back.
5. Now, many years later, Spielberg is still tellingstories with as much passion as when he was a boy. Ask him where he gets hisideas, and Spielberg will shrug, “The process for me is mostly intuitive.” hesays. “There are films that I feel that I need to make. And it’s for a varietyof reasons, for personal reasons, or because I just want to have fun. Or maybebecause the subject matter is cool, and I think my kids will like it.”
27. Some of Spielberg’smost successful movies came from ______.
28. When Spielberg wasa boy, he used to be scared of ______.
29. Spielberg is verygood at ______.
30. Spielberg says hemakes movies fo ______.
【答案与解析】
23.F 根据本文第一句：Steven Spielberg has always had one goal: to tellas many interesting stories to as many people as possible.可知，Steven Spielberg有过一个目标：尽可能给足够多的人讲足够多的故事，F项An Aim of Life（人生目标）与主题句意思相符，故正确答案为F。
24.A 根据本文第二段第一句：Even decades later, Spielberg says he has vividmemories of his earliest years, which are the origins of some of his mostsuccessful films.可知，甚至几十年之后，斯皮尔伯格说他仍对早些年的经历记忆深刻，那给了他最初的灵感。A项Inspirations for His Movies（他电影的灵感）与主题句意思相符，故正确答案为A。
25.E 根据本文第三段第四、五句：It also made it easier for him to makefriendships. On Boy Scout camping trips, when night fell, young Steven becamethe center of attention.可知，斯皮尔伯格天生擅长讲故事，他讲的故事能吓到三个小妹妹，他也能够轻松地交到朋友。E项Telling Stories to Make Friends（讲故事以交朋友）与主题句意思相符，故正确答案为E。
26.D 根据本文第四段倒数第二句：Spielberg was determined to make movies, and hemanaged to get an unpaid, non-credit internship（实习）in Hollywood.可知，他很快就获得一份合同，于是他从学校辍学。结合前文内容，他是开始了拍电影的尝试，D项Getting into the Movie Business（初涉电影行业）与主题句意思相符，故正确答案为D。
27.E 根据本文第一段最后一句：Some of his childhood memories became the inspirationfor his filmmaking.可知，“他的一些童年记忆成为他电影创作的灵感。”E项(his childhood memories)他童年的记忆，与原句意思相符，故正确答案为E。
28.A 根据本文第二段倒数第三句：He was scared of just about everything.可知，他几乎对所有事情都感到害怕。A项(almost everything)几乎所有事情，与原句意思相符，故正确答案为A。
29.B 根据本文第三段第四、五句：It also made it easier for him to makefriendships. On Boy Scout camping trips, when night fell, young Steven becamethe center of attention.可知，斯皮尔伯格天生擅长讲故事，这使他能交到朋友。B项(telling scary stories)讲恐怖故事，与原句意思相符，故正确答案为B。
30.C 根据本文最后一段：There are films that I feel that I need to make.And it’s for a variety of reasons, for personal reasons, or because I just wantto have fun.可知，“我认为我需要制作电影，这是有很多原因的，就我个人来说，我想要快乐。”C项(a number of reasons)很多原因，与原句意思相符，故正确答案为C。
第4部分：阅读理解（第31～45题，每题3分，共45分）
下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题确定1个最佳选项。
第一篇 The Making of Success Story
IKEA is the world’s largest furniture retailer, and the manbehind it is Ingvar Kamprad, one of the world’s most successful entrepreneurs（企业家）。 Born in Sweden in1926,Kamprad was a natural businessman. As a child, heenjoyed selling things and made small profits from selling matches, seeds, andpencils in his community. When Kamprad was 17, his father gave him some moneyas a reward for his good grades. Naturally he used it to start up a business—IKEA.
Today IKEA is known for its modern, minimalist （极简主义的）furniture, but it was not a furniture company in thebeginning. Rather, IKEA sold all kinds of miscellaneous （五花八门的） goods, including watches, pens and stockings.
IKEA first began to sell furniture through a mail-ordercatalogue in 1947. The furniture was all designed and made by manufacturersnear Kamprad’s home. Initial sales were very encouraging, so Kamprad expandedthe product line. Furniture was such a successful aspect of the business thatIKEA became solely a furniture company in 1951.
In 1953 IKEA opened its first showroom in Almhult, Sweden, IKEA is known today for its spacious stores with furniture in attractive settings, but inthe early 1950s, people ordered from catalogues. Thus response to the firstshowroom was overwhelming: people loved being able to see and try the furniturebefore buying it. This led to increased sales and the company continued tothrive. By1955,IKEA was designing all its own furniture.
In 1956 Kamprad saw a man disassembling a table to make iteasier to transport. Kamprad was inspired. The man had given him a great idea:flat packaging. Flat packaging would mean lower shipping costs for IKEA and lowerprices for customers. IKEA tried it and sales soared. The problem was that peoplehad to assemble furniture themselves, but over time, even this grew into anadvantage for IKEA. Nowadays, IKEA is often seen as having connotations of self-sufficiency.This image has done wonders for the company, leading to better sales andcontinued expansion.
Today there are over 200 stores in 32 countries. Amazingly,Ingvar Kamprad has managed to keep IKEA a privately-held company. In 2004 hewas named the world’s richest man. He currently lives in Switzerland and is retired from the day-to-day operations of IKEA. IKEA itself, though, just keepson growing.
31. Kamprad establishedIKEA with ______.
A. his personal savings
B. his father’s reward for his school performance
C. large profits from selling things
D. his school’s support
32. The author statesin Paragraph 5 that flat packaging ______.
A. needs large space to assembly furniture
B. is a business concept inspired by Kamprad
C. helps reduce transportation costs
D. makes the company self-sufficient
33. According to thepassage, which of the following is NOT TRUE?
A. IKEA experienced rapid expansion since the late 1950s.
B. IKEA designed its own products since 1955.
C. Kamprad sold his company after retirement.
D. IKEA sold all kinds of miscellaneous goods.
34. What is the author’sattitude towards IKEA’s future according to the last paragraph?
A. Indifferent.
B. Optimistic.
C. Doubtful.
D. Pessimistic.
35. The passage is developedprimarily in terms of ______.
A. sequence of events
B. analysis of a process
C. examples that illustrate a problem
D. comparison and contrast
【答案与解析】
31.B 根据本文第一段倒数后两句：When Kamprad was 17, his father gave him somemoney as a reward for his good grades. Naturally he used it to start up abusiness—IKEA.可知，坎普拉德17岁时，他父亲为了鼓励他取得的好成绩给了他一些钱，他用这些钱做了自己的生意—IKEA，故正确答案为B。
32.C 根据本文第五段中的描述：Flat packaging would mean lower shipping costsfor IKEA and lower prices for customers.可知，压缩包装意味着为IKEA降低轮船运输成本，从而降低顾客购买价格，故正确答案为C。
33.C 根据本文最后一段倒数第二句：He currently lives in Switzerland and is retiredfrom the day-to-day operations of IKEA.可知，他目前在瑞士居住并从IKEA退休，但是未提及他卖掉了公司，故正确答案为C。
34.B 根据本文最后一句：IKEA itself, though, just keeps on growing.可看出作者的态度，IKEA现在正在按正常轨迹发展下去，可见他的态度是对这个公司表示乐观的。故正确答案为B。
35.A 根据本文的行文特色和叙事特点，它是按照事情的发展顺序进行展开叙述的，故正确答案为A。
第二篇 Approaches to Understanding Intelligences
It pays to be smart, but we are not all smart in the sameway. You may be a talented musician, but you might not be a good reader. Each ofus is different.
Psychologists disagree about what is intelligence and whatare talents or personal abilities. Psychologists have two different views onintelligence. Some believe there is one general intelligence. Others believethere are many different intelligences.
Some psychologists say there is one type of intelligencethat can be measured with IQ tests. These psychologists support their view withresearch that concludes that people who do well on one kind of test for mentalability do well on other tests. They do well on tests using words, numbers orpictures. They do well on individual or group tests, and written or oral tests.Those who do poorly on one test, do the same on all tests.
Studies of the Drain show that there is a biological basisfor general intelligence. The brains of intelligence people use less energyduring problem solving. The brain waves of people with higher intelligence showa quicker reaction. Some researchers conclude that differences in intelligenceresult from differences in the speed and effectiveness of informationprocessing by the brain.
Howard Gardner, a psychologist at the Harvard School ofEducation, has four children. He believes that all children are different andshouldn’t be tested by one intelligence test. Although Gardner believes generalintelligence exists, he doesn’t think it tells much about the talents of aperson outside of formal schooling. He thinks that the human mind has differentintelligences. These intelligences al- low us to solve the kinds of problems weare presented with in life. Each of us has different abilities within theseintelligences. Gardner believes that the purpose of school should be to encouragedevelopment of all of our intelligences.
Gardner saysthat his theory is based on biology. For example, when one part of the brain isinjured, other parts of the brain still work. People who cannot talk because ofBrain damage can still sing. So, there is not just one intelligence to lose.Gardner has identified 8 different kinds of intelligence linguistic,mathematical, spatial, musical, interpersonal, intrapersonal, body-kinesthetic（身体动觉的）,and naturalistic.
36. What is the mainidea of this passage?
A. The importance of intelligence.
B. The development of intelligence tests.
C. How to understand intelligence.
D. How to become intelligent.
37. Which of the followingstatements is true concerning general intelligence ?
A. Most intelligent people do well on some intelligencetests.
B. Intelligent people do not do well on group tests.
C. Intelligent people do better on written tests than onoral tests.
D. People doing well on one type of intelligence test do wellon other tests.
38. Gardner believesthat ______.
A. all children are alike
B. children have different intelligences
C. children should take one intelligence test
D. there is no general intelligence
39.According to Gardner schools should ______.
A. promote development of all intelligences
B. test students’ IQs
C. train students who do poorly on tests
D. focus on finding the most intelligent students
40. Gardner thinks thathis theory has a ______.
A. musical foundation
B. intrapersonal foundation
C. linguistic foundation
D. biological foundation
【答案与解析】
36.C 根据本文第二段开头：Psychologists disagree about what is intelligenceand what are talents or personal abilities. Psychologists have two differentviews on intelligence.可知此处是关于心理学家对于智力是什么的讨论，下文主要围绕智力进行探讨，故正确答案为C。
37.D 根据本文第三段第二句：These psychologists support their view withresearch that concludes that people who do well on one kind of test for mentalability do well on other tests.可知，做心理能力测试成绩较好的人在其他测试表现仍然优异，与论述相匹配，故正确答案为D。
38.B 根据本文第五段第二句：He believes that all children are different andshouldn’t be tested by one intelligence test.可知，Gardner认为所有儿童都是不一样的，不应该用统一的智力测试来测定，故正确答案为B。
39.A 根据本文倒数第二段最后一句：Gardner believes that the purpose of school shouldbe to encourage development of all of our intelligences.可知，Gardner坚信学校的目的应当是鼓励智力的全面发展，故正确答案为A。
40.D 根据本文最后一段第一句：Gardner says that his theory is based on biology.可知， Gardner的理论基于生物学研究，故正确答案为D。
第三篇 The Worker’s Role in Management
Traditionally, it has been the worker’s role to work andmanagement’s role to mange. Managers have planned and directed the firm’s operationwith little thought of consulting the labor force. Managers have rarely feltcompelled（被迫的） to obtain the worker’s opinions or to explaintheir decisions to their employees. At most, companies have provided “suggestionboxes” in which workers could place ideas for improving procedures. In recentyears, however, many management specialists have been arguing that workers aremore than sellers of labor—they have a vital stake in the company and maybe able to make significant contributions to its management. Furthermore, majorcompany decisions profoundly affect workers and their dependents. This isparticularly true of plant closings, which may put thousands on the unemploymentlines. Should workers, then, play a stronger role in management?
Workers should have a role in management. At the very least,the labor force should be informed of major policy decisions (A common complaintamong rank-and-file workers is the lack of information aboutcompany policies and actions). Between 1980 and 1985 about five million workerswere the victims of plant closings and permanent layoffs, often with no warning.At least 90 day’s notice ought to be given in such instances so that workershave time to adjust. Management should consult workers before closing a plant, becausethe workers might be able ______to suggest ways of improving productivity andreducing costs and might be willing to make concessions that will help keep theplant operating. It should become a general practice to include workers in somemanagerial decision making. There ought to be representatives of the workers onthe firm’s board of directors or other major policymaking groups. Ifrank-and-file workers are given a voice in the planning and management of thework flow, they will help to make improvements, their morale will rise, andtheir productivity will increase. As a further incentive, they must be given ashare in the company’s profits. This can be done through employeestockownership plans, bonuses, or rewards for efficiency and productivity. Finally,when a plant can no longer operate at a profit, the workers should be given theopportunity to purchase the plant and run it themselves.
41. It can be inferredfrom Paragraph 1 that managers ______.
A. were not qualified
B. seldom obtain workers opinion
C. dislike “suggestion boxes”
D. never consulted the labor force
42. In recent years, manymanagement specialists have been arguing that workers ______.
A. should have a say in management of the company
B. are no longer sellers of the products
C. are less affected by company decisions than before
D. are able to make final decisions for the company
43.The word “rank-and-file” Paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to ______.
A. senior
B. ordinary
C. intelligent
D. capable
44. According to thepassage, what happened between 1980 and 1985?
A. About five million workers were laid off without advancenotice.
B. Managers consulted workers before closing a plant.
C. Workers did not make necessary concessions.
D. Many companies were closed because of strikes.
45. If not given avoice in managerial decision making, workers ______.
A. may lack the incentive to increase their productivity
B. cannot get a share in the company’s profits
C. can still get bonuses for efficiency and productivity
D. will not have the opportunity to purchase the plant
【答案与解析】
41.A 根据本文第一段第二句：Managers have planned and directed the firm’soperation with little thought of Consulting the labor force.可知，经理制定计划或指导公司工作，几乎不参考公司劳动力的意见。由此推断A项正确，故正确答案为A。
42.A 根据本文第一段第五句：In recent years, however, many management specialistshave been arguing that workers are more than sellers of labor--they have a vitalstake in the company and may be able to make significant contributions to itsmanagement.可知，职业经理人指出工人比销售人员重要，他们在公司中非常重要，并且能够为管理做出巨大贡献。故正确答案为A。
43.B 词义判断。rank—and—file workers意为“普通工人”，ordinary意为“普通的”，二者意思相近，故正确答案为B。
44.A 根据本文第二段第三句：Between 1980 and 1985 about five million workerswere the victims of plant closings and permanent layoffs, often with no warning.可知，l980年到l985年间，大约五百万名工人从被关闭的工厂离开，成为永久裁员的受害者，这样的事情往往没有预先警告。故正确答案为A。
45.A 根据本文最后一段第三句：If rank-and-file workers are given a voice inthe planning and management of the work flow, they will help to makeimprovements, their morale will rise, and their productivity will increase.可知，如果在制定工作流程和管理制度上，给予普通员工发言权的话，那么这将有助于提升他们的士气，从而提高生产力，故正确答案为A。
第5部分：补全短文（第46～50题，每题2分，共10分）
下面的短文有5处空白，短文后有6个句子，其中5个取自短文，请根据短文内容将其分别放回原有位置，以恢复文章原貌。
The Day a Language Died
When Carios Westez died at the age of 76,a language died, too.Westez, more commonly known as Red Thunder Cloud, was the last speaker of theNative American language Catawba. Anyone who wants to hear various songs of theCatawba can contact the Smithsonian Institution in Washington, D. C., where, backin the 1940s, Red Thunder Cloud recorded a series of songs for futuregenerations. ______ (46) They are all that is left of the Catawba language. Thelanguage that people used to speak is gone forever.
We are all aware of the damage that modern industry can doto the world’s ecology（生态）。 However, few people are aware of the impactthat widely spoken languages have on other languages and ways of life. Englishhas spread all over the world. Chinese, Spanish, Russian, and Hindi have becomepowerful languages, as well. ______ (47)When this happens, hundreds of languagesthat are spoken by only a few people die out.
Scholars believe there are around 6,000 languages aroundthe world, but more than half of them could die out within the next 100 years.There are many examples, Araki is a native language of the island of Vanuatu, located in the Pacific Ocean. It is spoken by only a few older adults, so likeCatawba, Araki will soon disappear. Many languages of Ethiopia will have the same fate because each one has only a few speakers. ______ (48) In the Americas, 100 languages, each of which has fewer than 300 speakers, also are dying out.
Red Thunder Cloud was one of the first to recognize thethreat of language death and to try to do something about it. He was not actuallyborn into the Catawba tribe, and the language was not his mother tongue. ______(49) The songs he sang for the Smithsonian Institution helped to make NativeAmerican music popular. Now he is gone, and the language is dead.
What does it mean when a language disappears? When a plantor insect or animal species dies, it is easy to understand what we’ve lost andto appreciate what this means for the balance of the natural word. However, languageis only a product of the mind. To be the last remaining speaker of a language, likeRed Thunder Cloud, must be a lonely destiny, almost as strange and terrible asbeing the last surviving member of a dying species. ______ (50).
A. Some people mightwant to try to learn some of these songs by heart.
B. Papua New Guinea is an extremely rich sourceof different languages, but more than 100 of them are in danger of extinction （灭绝）
C. However, he was afrequent visitor to the Catawba reservation in South Carolina where he learnedthe language.
D. These languages don’thave many native speakers.
E. For the rest of us, when a language dies, we losethe possibility of a unique way of seeing and describing the world.
F. As these languagesbecome more powerful, heir use as tools of business and culture increases.
【答案与解析】
46.A 空格前的句子是说，Red Thunder Cloud记录了一些以卡托巴语演唱的歌曲留给后世，，空格后的句子主要在讲，遗憾的是这种语言已经消亡了，因而中间需要补充的部分应该是理解，即：后代在听到这样的歌曲时可能希望理解它的意思。故正确答案为A。
47.F 空格前的句子是说，很少有人注意到广泛使用语言的影响，英语、汉语、西班牙语、俄语和海地语。空格后的句子说的是，很少人使用的语言却消亡了。则空格处应添加起衔接作用的句子：当这些语言变得更加强大时，它们在商业、文化中的用途也随之增强。故正确答案为F。
48.D 空格前的句子是说，Araki这种语言被少数人所讲，所以空格处要填入的这句话应该是对前文的总结，表明像Araki这种情况的语言也有很多。故正确答案为D。
49.C 空格前的句子是说，Red Thunder Cloud并不会讲卡托巴语，但是他意识到这种语言濒临灭绝且认为自己有义务做些什么，于是他主动去学习卡托巴语。此处需要一个能够承接上文的句子，根据选项句子里是否含“Catawba”一词便可以判断出，故正确答案为C。
50.E 空格空出的是全文最后一个句子，那么填入的应该是总结性的句子。而整个文章都是在讲濒临灭绝的语言，强调人们应当注重保存这些宝贵遗产，据此推论，E项“For the rest of us, when a language dies, we losethe possibility of a unique way of seeing and describing the world.”最为合理。故正确答案为E。
第6部分：完形填空（第51～65题，每题1分，共15分）
下面的短文有15处空白，请根据短文内容为每处空白确定1个最佳选项。
Public Relations
Public relations is a broad set of planned communicationsabout the company, including publicity releases, designed to promote goodwilland a favorable image.
Publicity then is part of public relations when it isinitiated by the firm, usually in the ______(51)of press releases or press conferences.Since public relations involves communications with stock-holders, financialanalysts, government officials, and other non customer groups, it is usually ______(52)outside the marketing department, perhaps as a staff department or outsideconsulting firm reporting to top management. This organizational placement canbe a ______ (53) because the public relations department or consultant will likelynot be in line with marketing efforts. Poor communication and no coordinationcan be the ______ (54). Although the basic purpose of public relations is toprovide positive influence ______ (55) the public image, this influence generallymay be less than ______ (56) provided by the other. components of the publicimage mix.
Publicity may be in the form of news releases that have ______(57) overtones for the company initiated by the public relations department.Publicity on the other ______ (58) should not be divorced from the marketingdepartment, as it can ______ (59)a useful adjunct（辅助）tothe regular advertising. ______ (60)not all publicity is initiated by the firm，some can (61)from an unfavorable press as a reaction to certain actions or lackof ______ (62) that are controversial or even downright ill-advised.
The ______ (63)we wish to emphasize is that a firm is deluding（自欺）itself if it thinks its public relations function, whetherwithin the company or an outside firm, can take ______ (64)of public image problemsand opportunities. Many of these have to do with the way the ______ (65) doesbusiness, such as its product quality, the servicing and handling of complaints,etc.
51. A.matter B.form C.system D.direction
52. A. placed B. approved C.developed D. changed
53. A. desire B. quality C.limitation D. feature
54. A. images B. methods C.consequences D. conclusions
55. A. in B.for C.on D.at
56. A. all B.that C.what D.which
57. A. serious B. negative C.favorable D. unlikely
58. A. side B. part C. hand D. area
59. A. produce B.connect C. involve D. provide
60. A. Yet B.Otherwise C. Futhermore D.Rather
61. A. make B. result C. tell D.keep
62. A. activies B. actions C.performances D. relations
63. A. tradition B. contrast C.nature D. point
64. A. charge B. over C.care D.note
65. A. manager B. public C.department D. firm
【答案与解析】
51.B 固定搭配题。结合上下文，in the form of“以......的形式”，为固定句型，符合语境，其它三项均不合适。因此，本题正确答案为B。
52.A 词义辨析题。结合上下文，此句强调的是公共关系与市场部的分离，故填placed outside，其它三项均不合适。approve批准，赞成。develop发展。change改变。因此，本题正确答案为A。
53.C 词义辨析题。这种机构组织模式对于组织来说是一种限制，limitation限制，符合题意。其它三项均不合适。desire希望。quality质量。feature特征。因此，本题正确答案为C。
54.C 词义辨析题。缺乏交流与沟通及协调可能成为最终后果。consequencs后果，符合题意。其它三项均不合适。image画面。methods方式，方法。 conclusions结论。因此，本题正确答案为C。
55.C 固定搭配题。结合上下文，influence on是固定搭配，其它三项均不合适，因此，本题正确答案为C。
56.B 语法判断题。此空指代的是other components，应该选用that来引导，其它引导词都不合适，因此，本题正确答案为B。
57.C 词义辨析题。公开发布产品信息对公司是有利的。favorable有利的。符合题意。其它三项均不合适。serious严重的。negative负面的。unlikely不像。因此，本题正确答案为C。
58.C 固定搭配题，on the other hand“另一方面”为固定搭配，其它三项均不合适，因此，本题正确答案为C。
59.D 固定搭配题，provide...for“为......提供”为固定搭配，其它三项均不合适，因此，本题正确答案为D。
60.C 语法判断题。根据上下文，此处应填表示顺承关系的词，futhermore此外，表顺承，符合题意。其它三项均不合适。yet然而。otherwise否则。rather而不是。都表转折。因此，本题正确答案为C。
61.B 固定搭配题，result from“起因于，由......造成”为固定搭配，符合题意，其它三项均不合适，因此，本题正确答案为B。
62.B 词义辨析题。联系上下文，原句是缺乏一种重要的东西，即没有采取行动。lack of actions缺乏行动，符合题意。其它三项均不合适，activies活动。performances演出，表演。relations关系，交往。因此，本题正确答案为B。
63.D 词义辨析题。结合句意，“我们想要强调的是......”point点，问题，符合题意。其它三项均不合适。tradition 传统。contrast 对比，差别。nature 本质，自然。因此，本题正确答案为D。
64.C 固定搭配题，take care of“照顾”为固定搭配，符合题意，其它三项均不合适。因此，本题正确答案为C。
65.D 词义辨析题。结合上下文，do business应该是企业或者公司。firm公司，符合题意。其它三项均不合适。manager经理。public公共的。department部门。因此，本题的正确答案为D。