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I. Fillin the blanks.
1．In his ________ Benjamin Franklin creates the image of a boy’s rise from ________ to riches and demonstrates his belief that the new worldof America was a land of opportunities which might be met through hard work andwise management.（天津外国语学院2008研）
【答案】 Autobiography, poor
【解析】 富兰克林在《自传》中讲述了其白手起家、自力更生的故事，平凡却生动的讲述表明他坚信通过努力就能实现美国梦。
2．If we say Jonathan Edwards represents theupper levels of the American mind, ________ represents the lower levels.
【答案】 Benjamin Franklin
【解析】 美国文学评论家范·威克·布鲁克斯（Van Wyck Brooks）在《美国的成年》（America’s Coming Age）中指出乔纳森·爱德华兹和本杰明·富兰克林是美国18世纪的两位重要的哲学家，他们是不同层次思想的代表。
3．Before his death, ________ had gained aposition as America’s first systematic philosopher.
【答案】 Jonathan Edwards
【解析】 乔纳森·爱德华兹（1703-1758）是美国“大觉醒”（the “GreatAwakening”）的领军人物，他生前赢得了“美国第一位系统的哲学家”称号。其著名作品是《意志自由》（Freedom of the Will）。
4．Jonathan Edwards’ work Images or Shadowsof Divine Things anticipated the nature symbolism of ________ in the 19thcentury.
【答案】 Transcendentalism
【解析】 乔纳森·爱德华兹的作品《神灵的形影》（Images or Shadows of Divine Things）对19世纪的超验主义对象征主义的运用产生了很大的影响。
5．Franklin’s claim to a place in literaturerests chiefly on his ________ and ________.
【答案】 Poor Richard’s Almanac, Autobiography
【解析】 富兰克林在文学上的地位主要取决于《穷查理历书》和《自传》。
6．Benjamin Franklin’s best writing is found inhis masterpiece ________.
【答案】 The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin
【解析】 本杰明·富兰克林文学上最大的成就体现在他的作品《本杰明·富兰克林自传》上。该书以平易的文风叙述了富兰克林艰苦创业、自学成才、坚持不懈的奋斗历程。
7．Franklin was the epitome of the________, theversatile，practical embodiment of national man in the l8thcentury.
【答案】 Enlightenment
【解析】 富兰克林是启蒙思想的缩影，是18世纪理性的代表。
8．Eighteen-century America experienced an ageof________, of________, and ________ like England and Europe.
【答案】 enlightenment, reason, order
【解析】 18世纪的美国处于启蒙、理想、秩序的时代。
II. MultipleChoice.
1．The first symbol of self-made American man is________.（北二外2009研）
A. George Washington
B. Washington Irving
C. Thomas Jefferson
D. Benjamin Franklin
【答案】 D
【解析】 富兰克林是第一个自力更生、白手起家的美国人的标志。
2．At the Reason and Revolution Period.Americans were influenced by the European movement called the________.
A. Charitist Movement
B. Romanticist Movement
C. Enlightenment Movement
D. Modernist Movement
【答案】 C
【解析】 欧洲的启蒙运动对美国理性和独立革命时期产生了深远影响。
3．In American literature, the eighteenthcentury was the age of the Enlightenment. ________ was the dominant spirit.
A. Humanism
B. Rationalism
C. Revolution
D. Evolution
【答案】 B
【解析】 启蒙运动通常是指在18世纪初至1789年法国大革命间的一个新思维不断涌现的时代，与理性主义等一起构成一个较长的文化运动时期，所以法国启蒙运动时期被称为“理性时代”。18世纪的美国同样受到启蒙思想的影响，因而理性主义是这个时期美国文学的主导思想。
4．Jonathan Edwards’ best and mostrepresentative sermon was ________.
A. A True Sight of Sin
B. Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God
C. A Model of Christian Charity
D. God’s Determinations
【答案】 B
【解析】 美国神学家乔纳森·爱德华兹最具代表性的布道是《愤怒的上帝手中之罪人》（Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God）。
5．The secular ideals of the AmericanEnlightenment were exemplified in the life and career of ________.
A. Thomas Hood
B. Benjamin Franklin
C. Thomas Jefferson
D. George Washington
【答案】 B
【解析】 作为美国财富和智慧的象征，美国人民把富兰克林的头像印在100美元纸钞的正面。200多年来，这位智者的思想一直被那些希望拥有美德并过上富足生活的人们所遵循和实践着。他的个人生活和职业生涯代表了美国启蒙运动中世俗化的理想。
6．From 1732 to 1758, Benjamin Franklin wroteand published his famous ________, an annal collection of proverbs.
A. The Autobiography
B. Poor Richard’s Almanac
C. Common Sense
D. The General Magazine
【答案】 B
【解析】 《穷理查历书》（Poor Richard's Almanac）它是由美国资本主义精神最完美的代表——本杰明·富兰克林所写。该出版物从1732年至1758年不断出现。它幽默、睿智、形式奇特，通篇贯彻着人类的智慧精华，书中的名言警句与人生箴言即使在现在看来也具有很积极的作用。
III. Explainthe following term.
1．the literary form ofautobiography（北二外2008研）
Key: The literary form of autobiography: Anautobiography is a person’s account of his or her life. It is generally writtenin the first person, with the author speaking as “I”. Autobiography presentslife events as the writer views them, and offers insights into the beliefs andperceptions of the author. Representative writer: Benjamin Franklin and hiswork: The Autobiography.
IV. Essayquestions
1．Analyze TheAutobiography of Benjamin Franklin.
Key: The book is probably the first of its kind inliterature. It is the simple yet immensely fascinating record of a man risingto wealth and fame from a state of poverty and obscurity in which he was born,the faithful account of the colorful career of America’s first self-made man.The book contains four parts, written at different times.
It is, first of all, a Puritan document. It is Puritanbecause it is a record of self-examination and self-improvement. It is also aconvincing illustration of the Puritan ethic that in order to get on in theworld, one has to be industrial, frugal, and prudent.
It is also an eloquent elucidation of the fact thatFranklin was spokesman for the new order of the eighteenth-centuryenlightenment, and that he represented in America all its ideas, that man isbasically good and free by nature, endowed by God with certain inalienablerights of liberty and the pursuit of happiness. Through telling a success storyof self-reliance, the book celebrates, in fact, the fulfillment of the Americandream.
The style of the book is the pattern of Puritan simplicity,directness, and concision. The lucidity of the narrative, the absence ofornaments in wording and complex, involved structures in syntax, and thePuritan abhorrence of paradox are all well graphically demonstrated here and inthe whole of the book. Taken as a whole, it is safe to say that the book is anexemplary illustration of the American style of writing.
2．Analysis of ThePoor Richard’s Almanac.
Key: Benjamin Franklin created a character, PoorRichard, in whose name the work appeared, and whose real existence was debatedhumorously and seriously. For almost a quarter of a century, he kept publishingPoor Richard’s Almanac, expanding its literary part to the intense delight ofits readers.
Apart from poems and essays, he managed to put in a goodmany adages, and commonsense witticisms which became household words and manymottos of the most typical kind. He did not always write the maxims himself. Heborrowed from others and made good use of his own wit and wisdom to simplifyand enrich their axiom. There are many similar statements filled almanac, andtaught as much as amused. The practical wisdom of Franklin shone forth rays ofgrandeur from its pages.