下载掌阅APP，畅读海量书库
立即打开
Home design is about the beautification of interior spaces with physical and artistic techniques, and the division and layout of spaces is the primary issue. The division of space involves many aspects apart from architecture, such as environmental psychology and human engineering. In neo-classical style, rationality is a highlight, and thus it is particularly sensitive to the proportions of space division.
Everyone needs a territory to his own in a space, not only physically but in a psychological sense, to feel safe and private, which should be guaranteed by proper home design. Visible partitions, intangible divisions, blocking of views, and even acoustic isolation would all influence our psychological perception of an environment. Human engineering also plays an important role in home design. Human dimensions and safety should be carefully considered, including the size of furniture, right distance for easy movement of human body, and the psychological requirements for space in interpersonal communication. All these are decisive factors that would influence the space scale and the way of division. In particular, some special areas for certain age groups should be designed with careful consideration, such as children’s room and room for the elder.
The living room and dining room are where the neo-classical style is most obviously presented. These spaces are relatively large. In a neoclassical living room, U-shaped sofas are often found symmetrically placed around the fireplace, and ample spaces should be left for easy walking. Thus, such a living room would require a larger space than an ordinary living room. The dining room would be used for entertaining sometimes, so the dining table is often designed to sit more than six people. The bedroom should feel safe and private, and thus be relatively small. In a neo-classical bedroom, apart from the bed, usually there would be symmetrical bedside tables, a footstool at bed end, and sometimes single sofas. Enough space should be left for these pieces of furniture. In the hallway and passageways,particular attention should be paid to the wall design. If panels are used, the thickness should be proper in order to avoid overcrowding in these small areas.
The division of spaces should be reasonable in terms of not only architecture, but also the daily activities of different family members. Everyone’s requirements should be met, and the spaces should be taken full advantage of. Communication between the designer and client is absolutely necessary. In the following project,the client bought a flat first, and in the process of design, bough the neighbouring one. This is the family of a young couple, and new family members are expected. So extension was required, and the two flats were combined into one, which was further divided into two main parts: private part and guest part, separated by a beautiful door. The guest part includes a bedroom, wardrobes, a bathroom and a study. The private part consists of a large living room, a dining room with kitchen, a music room which is at the same time a home theatre and can be adapted to be a nursery, a storage room and a laundry room. Together the two parts can satisfy all the requirements of the client and are adaptable to future needs.
家居设计需要从空间的内部入手，运用物质和艺术的手段创造出理想的环境，其中空间的划分和布局是首先要解决的问题。如何划分空间的尺度比例，涉及到许多方面，除了建筑之外，还有环境心理、人体工程等内容。尤其是新古典风格对理性的强调使其对空间划分的比例有着一定的要求。
在一个空间中，每个人不仅需要一个充足的领域，也需要一定的心理上的安全感和私密感，这些都是通过一些外部环境决定的，房间之间有形的隔断、无形的分区、视线上的阻挡，甚至声音的隔绝等都会影响人对环境的心理理解。在另一方面，空间划分也要符合人体工程学的要求和比例，空间设计中考虑大多数人的尺度和安全性，例如家具的最合适尺寸，人体活动的最佳距离，人际交往过程中的心理需求范围等，这些都直接决定了空间的大小和划分的方式。在特殊地方还要考虑针对不同的人，例如儿童房、老人房等。
1. Living room in Kutuzovskaya Rivera apartment
1. 库图卓弗斯卡娃里韦拉公寓起居室
在新古典风格的家居环境中，客厅、餐厅这样的公共区域是体现风格最明显的地方，也需要较大的环境。新古典风格的客厅常采用U形的对称沙发围绕着壁炉的形式，并且还要保留一定的过道距离，比一般现代形式的客厅需要更宽敞的空间。餐厅有时也会起到宴客的作用，所以餐桌一般都会设置六人以上的座位。卧室需要较强的私密感和安全性，所以不宜过大，新古典风格的卧室里除了床之外，还会有对称的床头柜、床尾的矮塌，有时还会有单组的沙发，所以需要给这些家具留有充足的空间。而门厅、过道等位置除了基本的要求之外，如果墙面是用镶板装饰，也要考虑镶板的厚度，以免造成过度拥挤。
一个合理的空间划分，也要根据建筑的情况，使各区域的布置符合家庭成员的生活规律，满足每个人的不同要求，同时也要保证空间的充分利用。这些需要设计师跟业主的充分沟通才能保证。在本案例中，业主先买了一间公寓，在设计过程中，又买了相邻的公寓。这是一个由一对年轻夫妇组成的家庭，但未来还会有新的成员住进来，因此他们想扩大面积。设计师把这两间合在一起的公寓重新分成了两个主要部分—个人空间和客用空间，并且用一扇漂亮的门来分割。客用空间包括一间卧室、衣柜、一间浴室和一个书房。个人空间有一个大客厅、带有厨房的餐厅和一间音乐室，这间音乐室同时也是家庭影院，而且它还可以根据需要变成一间育儿室，另外还有储藏室和洗衣房。这两个部分充分满足了业主的需求，也考虑了未来的发展。