课程代码：00522

选择题部分

I.MULTIPLE CHOICE

Read the followingunfinished statements or questions carefully. For each unfinished statement orquestion, four suggested answers marked A,B,C and D are given. Choose the one that you think best completes the statement or answers the question. Write theletter of the answer you have chosen in the corresponding space on the ANSWERSHEET. (50 points, 1 point each)

1. The Vikings, whocame from _____, attacked various parts of England from the end of the 8thcentury.

A. Norway

B. France

C. Germany

D. Denmark

【答案】 A

【解析】 从8世纪末开始，挪威海盗和丹麦人开始入侵英格兰，Vikings指的是8~11世纪劫掠欧洲西海岸的北欧海盗，8世纪末入侵英格兰的海盗主要来自挪威。故选A。

2. The Celts began toarrive at Britain around _____ and kept coming until the arrival of the Romans.

A. 600 BC

B. 600 AD

C.700 BC

D. 700 AD

【答案】 C

【解析】 凯尔特人在约公元前700年来到不列颠岛，后来罗马人征服了他们。故选C项。

3. Among the Britishkings, _____ was known as “the Confessor” because ofhis religious piety.

A. Henry II

B. King Alfred

C. King Harold

D. King Edward

【答案】 D

【解析】 英国国王中，爱德华因其无比虔诚的宗教信仰被称为“忏悔者”。故选D项。

4. The Domesday Book states all the following EXCEPT _____.

A. the history of the land

B. the ownership of the land

C. the value of the land

D. the extent of the land

【答案】 A

【解析】 1086年，威廉派出大臣到全国进行调查，编成土地调查书（即《末日审判书》），详细记载土地的范围、价值、人口、耕种情况和所有权，并没有记载土地的历史。故选A。

5.The spirit of Magna Carta was _____.

A. the increasing of the powersof serfs

B. the limitation of the powersof the king

C. the increasing of the powersof the Church

D. the limitation of the powersof the Norman lords

【答案】 B

【解析】 1215年，英国大封建领主和教会反对英王约翰的一些政策，迫使他签署了保证他们公民权利和政治权利的文件，即《大宪章》（Magna Carta），限制国王滥用王权。《大宪章》的精神实质就是把国王的权利限制王权。故选B

6. The causes of the Hundred Years’ War were partly_____ and partlyeconomic.

A. racial

B. political

C. religious

D. territorial

【答案】 D

【解析】 百年战争指1337年到1453年英法之间一场断断续续的战争，战争的起因既有领土因素又有经济因素。领土因素与英国国王占领了法国的阿基坦大片公爵领地有关，这是战争的根源。故选D项。

7. In British history,the First Civil war broke out in _____.

A. 1640

B. 1642

C. 1645

D. 1649

【答案】 B

【解析】 英国第一次内战是国王和议会斗争的产物，战争开始于1642年8月22日，结束于1651年。故选B。

8. The main causes for Henry VIII’s religious reform of the Church were the following EXCEPT _____.

A. pressure from the Pope

B. Henry’s need for money

C. accumulated desire for changeand reform in the Church

D. public resentment for theprivilege and wealth of the clergy

【答案】 A

【解析】 亨利八世进行教会的宗教改革，主要原因有：改革教会的渴望已有多年，现在又受马丁·路德成功的鼓舞，许多人认为时机已到；人们痛恨教职人员的特权和财富；亨利需要钱。亨利八世进行宗教改革不包括来自教皇的压力，故选A项。

9. _____ was the onlymonarch that was condemned to death and executed in British history.

A. Charles I

B. Charles II

C. James I

D. James II

【答案】 A

【解析】 查理一世（1600-1649）在第二次英国内战中被击败，随后他被捕，审判，是英国历史上唯一一位被处死的国王。故选A项。

10.A good result of the agriculturalenclosure was that _____.

A. tenants were evicted fromtheir lands

B. riots erupted in many areaswhere the peasant farmers went

C. a new class hostility wasintroduced into rural relationships

D. farms became bigger and biggerunits as the great bought up the small

【答案】 D

【解析】 在圈地运动的过程中，随着大农场兼并小农场，农场变得越来越大，人们消费的蔬菜，奶及奶制品也越来越多，饮食种类愈加丰富。这是圈地运动的积极影响。故选D项。其余三项皆为消极影响。

11. The Industrial Revolution refers to the mechanization of industry and the consequent changesin social and economic organization in Britain in the _____.

A. late 16th century and early17th century

B. late 17th century and early18th century

C. late 18th century and early19th century

D. late 19th century and early20th century

【答案】 C

【解析】 工业革命指的是18世纪末到19世纪初英国工业的机械化，以及由此而导致的社会结构和经济结构的变化。故选C项。

12. Which of thefollowing is TRUE about Britain in World War II?

A. It lost all her nationalwealth.

B. It was left gravelyimpoverished.

C. It devoted half of herstrength to the war.

D. It entered a period of economicand financial boom.

【答案】 B

【解析】 第二次世界大战发生于1939~1945年，英国对德国宣战。二战使英国经济遭到破坏，实力大大削弱。故选B项。

13. _____, who foundthat his policy of appeasement of German aggression was no longer tenable，wasforced to declare war on Germany on September 3.1939.

A. Churchill

B. George VI

C. Chamberlain

D. Elizabeth II

【答案】 C

【解析】 第二次世界大战是从1939年至1945年。英国时任首相张伯伦（任期：1937~1940）发现他对德国侵略所采取的绥靖政策（appeasement）已站不住脚，被迫于1939年9月3日对德宣战。故选C项。丘吉尔任期为1940~1945和1951~1955。乔治四世生于1762年，于1830年去世。伊丽莎白二世自1953加冕以来，一直在位至今。

14. In January 1973,Britain finally became a full member of the _____.

A. Commonwealth

B. European Economic Community

C. North Atlantic Treaty Organization

D. Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries

【答案】 B

【解析】 1973年1月，英国终于成为欧洲经济共同体的正式成员国。故选B项。英联邦（Commonwealth）成立于1931年，从成立之初，英国就是其成员。北大西洋公约组织（North Atlantic Treaty Organization）成立于1949年，英国当年加入。石油输出国组织（Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries）成立于1960年，为亚洲、非洲、拉丁美洲等石油输出国为对抗西方国家而成立的组织，英国不是其成员国。

15.The intervalbetween General Elections in the U.K. is _____ years.

A. 2

B. 4

C. 5

D. 8

【答案】 C

【解析】 根据英国的议会制度，大选每5年举行一次。故选C项。

16. The two majorparties in Britain since 1945 are _____.

A. the Whig Party and the Tory Party

B. the Labor Party and the Liberal Party

C. the Labor Party and the Conservative Party

D. the Conservative Party and the Liberal Party

【答案】 C

【解析】 根据英国的政党制度，自1945年以来，一直由保守党或工党轮流执政，所以两大党派即指保守党和工党。故选C项。

17. In the U.K., government ministers areresponsible collectively to _____ for all Cabinetdecisions.

A. the Queen

B. the Parliament

C. the Privy Council

D. the Prime Minister

【答案】 B

【解析】 在英国，内阁的所有决定都由大臣集体向议会负责。故选B项。

18. In Britain, _____is the largest of the Free Churches,originated in the 18th century following the evangelical revival under John Wesley (1703-1791).

A. the Methodist Church

B. the Baptist Church

C. the Church of England

D. the Church of Scotland

【答案】 A

【解析】 卫理公会是自由教会中最大的一支，起源于18世纪的约翰·卫斯理（1703-91）领导下的福音派复兴。故选A项。

19. Which of thefollowing is NOT a feature of the Open University?

A. It is a non-residentialuniversity.

B. It is open to all to becomestudents.

C. It admits students only from Britain.

D. It offers degree and othercourses for adult students of all ages.

【答案】 C

【解析】 英国开放大学向所有未来的学生和成人开放，并不仅仅局限于英国本国的学生。故选C项。

20. _____, the mostpopular sport in England as well as in Europe, has its traditional home in England.

A. Golf

B. Football

C. Cricket

D. Basketball

【答案】 B

【解析】 足球是英格兰和欧洲是最受欢迎的运动，其传统老家在英格兰，在19世纪得到发展。故选B项。

21. In the late 15thcentury, supported by the Spanish queen, Christopher Columbus, _____,discovered the New World.

A. an Italian navigator

B. a Danish navigator

C. an English navigator

D. a Portuguese navigator

【答案】 A

【解析】 15世纪后期，意大利航海家克里斯多弗·哥伦布，在西班牙女王的支持下，于1492年率领船队航行，发现了新大陆。故选A项。

22. One of thefeatures of the early colonistwhich play a role in the formation of American characteris _____.

A. religious intolerance

B. respect of individual rights

C. strong form of government

D. discouragement of individualenterprise

【答案】 B

【解析】 殖民主义者许多特点在形成美国人的性格中发挥了作用，这些特点是：代议制政府，法治，对个人权利的尊重，宗教上的宽容以及强烈的个人进取心。故选B项。

23. In September 1783,______ was signed and Britain recognized the independence of the United States.

A. the Articles of Confederation

B. the Bill of Rights

C. the Declaration of Independence

D. the Treaty of Paris

【答案】 D

【解析】 1783年9月，《巴黎条约》签署，英国承认美国独立。故选D项。邦联和永久联合条例》（Articlesof Confederation and Perpetual Union）是在1776年北美宣布独立后不久，第二届大陆会议就提出并着手起草全国宪法，简称为《邦联条例》。the Bill of Rights为《人权法案》，是1791年美国通过的前十项修正案。1776年7月4日，大陆会议通过并批准了《独立宣言》，这一宣言断绝了与英国的联系，建立了一个新的国家。

24. The Articles of Confederation was very important in all the following EXCEPT that _____.

A. it provided for no king

B. it declared independence from Great Britain

C. it was a written constitutionfor the United States

D. it created a centralgovernment in the form of a Congress

【答案】 B

【解析】 《独立宣言》（The Declaration of Independence）是宣告美国独立于英国的文件。故选B项。

25. The American Civil War broke outmainly because _____.

A. Abraham Lincoln was electedpresident

B. Harriet Beecher Stowe’s Uncle Tom s Cabin was published

C. the southern states controlledland, raw materials and labor that the North needed

D. the southern states broke awayfrom the Union and formed the Confederate States of America

【答案】 D

【解析】 美国内战爆发的主要原因是南部的州脱离联邦，成立美利坚联盟，但总统林肯决心维护联邦的统一。故选D项。B项《汤姆叔叔的小屋》是引发内战的导火线。

26. On August 4,1914,America President _____ issued an official statement proclaiming Americanneutrality in the First World War.

A. Harry Truman

B. Theodore Roosevelt

C. Woodrow Wilson

D. Franklin D. Roosevelt

【答案】 C

【解析】 1919年4月，美国总统威尔逊发表正式声明，宣布美国在第一次世界大战中保持中立。故选C项。A项杜鲁门总统任期为1945~1953年。B项西奥多·罗斯福总统任期为1901~1909年。D项富兰克林·德拉诺·罗斯福总统任期为1933~1945年。

27. In the U.S., thefirst blow to the stock market came on October 24,1929, which was called _____.

A. the black Monday

B. the black Friday

C. the black Thursday

D. the black Tuesday

【答案】 C

【解析】 1929年10月24日，美国股市遭受第一次重击，这一天被称为黑色星期四。故选C项。

28. The aim of President Roosevelt’s New Deal was to _____.

A. abolish social securitysystems

B. reduce government regulationand control

C. discourage industries fromdeveloping too fast

D. “save American democracy” ashe himself put it

【答案】 D

【解析】 大萧条期间，经济危机引起政治危机，严重打击了美国。罗斯福新政的直接目的是摆脱经济危机，实现经济复兴，根本目的是拯救美国的民主，巩固资本主义制度。故选D项。

29.The Americancontainment policy towards the Soviet Union, made by President Truman in 1949,lasted until _____.

A. 1975

B. 1989

C. 1991

D. 1998

【答案】 B

【解析】 1947年3月，美国总统杜鲁门在向国会提出的国情咨文中，提出以遏制苏联为指导思想的杜鲁门主义，遏制政策正式形成，一直持续到1989年。故选B项。

30. _____ was theresult of the struggle between the great powers for control of the world andmilitary expansion of the countries of Nazi Germany, Fascist Italy andmilitarist Japan.

A. The Cold War

B. The Korean War

C. The First World War

D. The Second World War

【答案】 D

【解析】 大国争夺世界霸权，纳粹德国、法西斯主义的意大利和军国主义的日本进行军事扩张，其结果导致了第二次世界大战。

31. _____ was NOT acornerstone of the postwar American economic boom.

A. Increasing investment inagriculture

B. An ever-increasing militaryspending

C. Automobile manufacturing forthe growing new communities

D.A construction boom to providehouses and schools for all children

【答案】 A

【解析】 二战后，美国经济进入长达25年的繁荣期，经济繁荣主要依靠汽车、住房和国防工业，并不包括农业。故选A项。

32. In February 1972,President _____ visited China and met Chairman Mao and the two countries issuedthe Shanghai Communique.

A. Nixon

B. Carter

C. Ford

D. Reagan

【答案】 A

【解析】 1972年2月，美国总统尼克松访华，会见毛主席，两国政府发表了《上海公报》。故选A项。

33. In the postwaryears the United States continued to emphasize government involvement andadopted the _____ in running the economy.

A. Keynesian theory

B. Marxist theory

C. Truman Doctrine

D. Monetarist policies

【答案】 A

【解析】 战后美国继续强调政府干预，并在经济管理上采用凯恩斯主义。

34.Apart from thestagnation, the American economy is now facing another problem of _____.

A. foreign debts and tradedeficit

B. foreign debts and tradesurplus

C. overproduction and trade deficit

D. overproduction and tradesurplus

【答案】 A

【解析】 除了经济停滞之外，美国经济现在还面临着不断增加的外债和日益扩大的贸易逆差问题。故选A项。

35.The three giants inauto industry in the U.S. are _____.

A. General Motors, Ford, Chrysler

B. General Motors, Toyota, Chrysler

C. General Motors, Nissan, Chrysler

D. General Motors, Volkswagen, Chrysler

【答案】 A

【解析】 美国三大汽车厂商是：通用、福特和克莱斯勒。故选A项。Toyota是日本丰田汽车公司；Nissan是日本尼桑汽车公司；Volkswagen是德国大众汽车公司。

36. According to theprovisions for constitutionalamendment, the Congressmay initiate an amendment by a _____ vote in each house.

A. half

B. one-third

C. two-thirds

D. three-fourths

【答案】 C

【解析】 根据宪法修正案规定，国会须经众、参两院三分之二以上议员提议，方能修改宪法，宪法修正案须经3/4州议会或州制宪会议批准后予以实施。故选C项。

37.In order to besuccessful, a candidate for the U.S. Presidency must receive at least _____electoral votes.

A. 200

B. 270

C. 435

D. 538

【答案】 B

【解析】 为了获得成功，美国总统候选人必须至少获得270张选票。故选B项。

38.The ambassadors，ministersand consuls appointed by the U.S. President must be confirmed by the _____.

A. Senate

B. House

C. Supreme Court

D. State Department

【答案】 A

【解析】 由美国总统任命的大使、部长和领事必须得到参议院的批准。故选A项。

39. Which statementabout the American political parties is NOT true?

A. In general, America has atwo-party system.

B. The Constitution makes noprovisions for political parties.

C. Political parties are thebasis of the American political system.

D. The Democrats and the Republicans dominate politics only at the federal level.

【答案】 D

【解析】 民主党和共和党支配着联邦、州及地方的政治舞台。并不仅限于联邦。故选D项。

40. _____ were those American writers who reported truthfully and objectively the life in the slumsin the last decades of the 19th century and the first decade of the 20thcentury.

A. Realists

B. Naturalists

C. Transcendentalists

D. Modernists

【答案】 B

【解析】 19世纪末20世纪初，美国自然主义作家在作品中对贫民窟的生活进行了真实而客观的报道。故选B项。

41. The Prairie Provinces which lie west of Ontario are ideal for _____ and arethinly settled.

A. fishing

B. mining

C. tourism

D. growing wheat

【答案】 D

【解析】 加拿大大草原诸省区很适于种植小麦，人口密度小。故选D项。

42. After the Seven Years’ War from 1756 to 1763，the French were forcedto give up _____ of Canada to Britain.

A. parts

B. the east

C. the whole

D. the northwest

【答案】 C

【解析】 自1756年至1763年，在7年的英法战争后，整个加拿大属于英国统治。故选C项。

43. By the Statute of Westminster in 1931, Canada _____.

A. took Newfoundland as its tenthprovince

B. became a member of the Commonwealth of Nations

C. found rich oil fields in Alberta and other western provinces

D. opened the St. Lawrence Seawayfor further growth in economy

【答案】 B

【解析】 根据1931年的《威斯敏斯特条例》，加拿大成为英联邦国家的成员。故选B项。

44. In 1921 the British signed the Anglo-Irish Treaty to _____.

A. start a civil war

B. keep Ireland out of World War II

C. found the Irish Republican Army

D. establish an Irish Free Statein Northern Ireland

【答案】 D

【解析】 第一次世界大战之后，爱尔兰争取独立的运动更加高涨。1921年，英国签署《英爱条约》，建立拥有自治身份的爱尔兰自由邦，并在国教占统治地位的北爱尔兰建立分离的政府。故选D项。

45. Henry VIII was thefirst king to bring all _____ under English control.

A. Wales

B. Europe

C. Ireland

D. Scotland

【答案】 C

【解析】 亨利八世是首个将整个爱尔兰地区置于英国统治之下的国王。故选C项。

46. Most of Australialies between 20°S and 35°S which is _____ a world.

A. hot and wet

B. hot and dry

C.dry and windy

D. dry and sunny

【答案】 B

【解析】 澳大利亚大部分位于南纬25度至35度之间，气候炎热干燥。故选B项。

47. In Australia,traffic drives on the _____ of the road.

A. single line

B. middle

C. right side

D. leftside

【答案】 D

【解析】 在澳大利亚，司机行车是在道路的左边。故选D项。

48. In Australia, aspeople with different traditions and customs interact with each other, apeculiar blend of different _____ will be emerging.

A. politics

B. societies

C. cultures

D. philosophies

【答案】 C

【解析】 在澳大利亚，由于不同传统和风俗背景的人相互交流，不同文化的奇特融合将会出现。故选C项。

49.The Lake of Taupowas formed by a(n) _____.

A. big tsunami

B. horrible flood

C. terrible earthquake

D. enormous volcanic eruption

【答案】 D

【解析】 陶波湖是新西兰最大的湖，也是世界最大的火山口湖，是由大规模的火山喷发形成的。故选D项。

50.Since _____,earthquakes in New Zealand do not usually cause many deaths.

A. the land is hilly

B. there are many mountain lakes

C. many areas of the country arenot heavily populated

D. the central plateau in North Island is dominated by 3 volcanic mountains

【答案】 C

【解析】 由于很多地区人口密度小，新西兰地震通常不会造成大量人口死亡。故选C项。

非选择题部分

II.SHORT ANSWERQUESTIONS

Give a one-sentenceanswer to each of the following questions. Write your answer in thecorresponding space on the ANSWER SHEET. (30 points, 3 points each)

54.What does Oxbridgestand for?

答案： Oxbridgestands for the Universities of Oxford and Cambridge.

55.What is the majordifference between the Puritans and the Pilgrims in American colonial times?

答案： The Puritans were wealthy, well-educated gentlemen, but Pilgrim were mostly poor,laboring people.

56.What importantproclamation did President Lincolnissue to make the Civil War a just one?

答案： President Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation during Civil War.

57.What is the basicinstrument of American government and the supreme law of the land?

答案： The Constitution of the United States is the basic instrument of Americangovernment and the supreme law of the land.

58.What is America’smost important patriotic holiday?

答案： Independency Day, falling upon the 4th of July every year, is America’s most importantpatriotic holiday.

59.What is the name of the radio educationalsystem through which children learn their lessons in Australia?

答案： The Australia Broadcasting Corporationis the radio educational system through which children learntheir lessons in Australia.

60.Politically howmany states and territories does Australia have?

答案： Australiais politically divided into six states and two territories.

III.TERM EXPLANATION

Explain each of thefollowing terms in English. Write your answer in the corresponding space on the ANSWER SHEET in around 40 words. (20 points, 5 points each)

61.Black Death

答案： Black Death is a modern name given to the dearly bubonic plague, an epidemic diseasespread through Europe in the fourteenth century particularly in 1348~1349. Itcame without warning, and without any cue. In England, it killed almost half ofthe total population, causing far-reaching economic consequences.

62.Civil List

答案： Civil List refers to an annual allowance, approved by parliament, made to thesovereign and members of the royal family for the expense involved in carryingout their public duties.

63.The U.S. Presidency

答案： The U.S. Presidency is the elected head of state and head of government of the United States. The Constitution requires the President at least 35 years ofage. The presidential election is held every four years. The president startshis official duties with an inauguration ceremony.

64.The Cuban Missile Crisis

答案： The Cuban Missile Crisis was confrontation between the United States and the Soviet Union concerning Soviet ballistic missile deployment in Cuba. In 1962, the Soviet Union sent both offensive and defensive medium and intermediate missileswith warheads to Cuba and started building missile sites there. President Kennedy finally decided on the use of naval force to prevent military materialand arms from getting into Cuba and demanded the removal of the missiles. Then Khrushchev backed down and accepted American conditions. Sp3Mq5QeEwMFH2LM4Mbq1v9gMCGvwRj7Q2jeEefBXQs0f/LZHHHRPI7Y74eBUFX+