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第二部分
中考各类题型应对策略

一、解析中考

《义务教育英语新课程标准(2018年版)》规定五级目标听力要求如下。

1.能根据语调和重音理解说话者的意图;

2.能听懂关于熟悉话题的谈话,并能从中获取信息和观点;

3.能借助语境克服生词障碍,理解大意;

4.能听懂接近自然语速的故事和叙述,理解故事的因果关系;

5.能在听的过程中用适当方式做出反应;

6.能针对所听语段的内容记录简单信息。

二、命题特点

研究近几年全国各地的中考听力测试题发现,听力测试呈现出以下几个特点。

1.题型趋于稳定。

目前,中考听力测试主要有这些题型:句子理解题、情景反应题、听短对话答题、听长对话答题、短文理解题、信息转换题。

2.题材广泛,内容鲜活、生动、有趣。

中考听力主要取材于与学生的家庭和学校生活密切相关的事情,涉及兴趣爱好、风俗习惯、文化知识等内容,具体包括日常交际、购物、就医、约会、打电话、问路、谈论天气、兴趣、旅游、节假日、饮食、体育、语言学习、科普知识、发明创造等学生比较感兴趣的话题,材料内容新颖并且贴近学生的生活,这样能有效地考查学生在不同生活情景中对英语的掌握程度。

3.句式灵活多样,口语化特点明显。

听力测试的语言材料具有口语化的特点,听起来自然、真实,是实际生活中使用的英语表达,常用yeah、oh、OK、now、well、you know、I mean/think、you see等单词或短语。但有些内容也会呈现出书面化的特点。

三、分类指导

1.句子理解题

(1)听句子,选出相应的图片。

[命题形式]

多幅图配一个句子;多幅图配多个句子;一幅图配多个句子。

[答题技巧]

在听录音前,要仔细观察图片内容,找出图片与图片之间的区别,预测听力材料的内容;

在听录音时,要把握录音信息,纠正对图片的错误理解,选出正确的图片。

[真题再现]

录音中有三个句子,每个句子对应一幅图片,每个句子听两遍,然后选择与句子内容对应的图片。

A.

①________

B.

②________

C.

③________

[听力原文]

① Betty is running after a ball in the park.

② People mustn't drive after drinking.

③ Tom had a cough and he went to see the doctor yesterday.

[答案解析]

① B该句的关键词为ball和park,听出任意一个词均可推断出图片B正确。

② C该句的关键词为mustn't和drinking,由此可知图片C正确。

③ A该句关键词为doctor,由此可知图片A正确。

(2)听句子,选择最佳答语。

[命题形式]

根据设置的特定的情景,回答提出的问题或做出相应的反应。

[答题技巧]

针对非提问式句子,我们通常用习惯答语回答。如“Have some coffee.”的答语是“Sure,thank you.”或“No,thanks.”。

针对提问式句子,我们要根据具体情况灵活作答,但必须遵循“问什么答什么”的原则,不要出现答非所问的情况。如“How often do you exercise?”的回答可能是“Twice a week.”或“I hardly ever exercise.”。

[真题再现]

① A. Good morning!

B. Good afternoon!

C. Good evening!

② A. It's 8:10.

B. It's June 14th.

C. It's a fine day.

[听力原文]

① Good morning, boys and girls.

② What's the date today?

[答案解析]

① A 该题属于非提问式句子,要用习惯答语作答。录音中的是问候“早上好”,回答时也要用“早上好”,因此只有A选项符合语境。

② B 该题属于提问式句子,要根据具体情况作答。问题是“今天几号?”,选项中只有B项符合语境。

(3)听句子,选出所听到的单词或短语。

[命题形式]

此类题目主要考查考生对单词和短语的熟悉程度。考生根据听到的句子,从所给的选项中选出所听到的单词或短语。

[答题技巧]

考生要牢固掌握所学单词和短语的发音,将一些读音相似的单词和短语区分开来。

[真题再现]

① A. strong

B. wrong

C. young

② A. find out

B. put out

C. try out

[听力原文]

① When David was young, he dreamed of being a teacher.

② I need to find out more about these language courses.

[答案解析]

① C 本小题是一组形似音似但异义的单词辨音。译文:大卫年轻的时候梦想成为一名教师。我们听到“When David was young,”可知应选C。如果没听清楚,可结合句意排除干扰选项。从“他梦想成为一名教师”可知,A项strong和B项wrong都不符合语境,故选C。

② A 本小题是形式相近、介词相同但词义不同的动词短语辨音。译文:关于这些语言课程我需要了解更多信息。find out“了解,弄清楚”,“find out more about...”是常用搭配,表示“了解更多关于……的信息”。根据语境可知,B项put out“扑灭”和C项try out...“参加……的选拔,尝试……”都不符合语境,故选A。

2.对话理解题

(1)听短对话,选图片。

[命题形式]

这种题型主要有两大类:一类是听对话选出相关图片,一类是听对话根据所提问题选择相应的图片。第二类题又根据问题的位置分两种:一种是问题在听力原文中,另一种是问题在题目中。

[答题技巧]

学生在听录音前要利用所给的图片预测题目情景,联想已学过的相关词汇,做到心中有数;

在播放录音时,学生要抓住与图画内容密切相关的信息,选出正确答案。

[真题再现]

What's Rose's favorite fruit?

A.

B.

C.

[听力原文]

M: Do you like fruit, Rose?

W: Yes, I like bananas best.

[答案解析]

C 图片中共有三种水果,由此可知我们要听出对话中水果的名称。男士询问女士是否喜欢水果,女士给出肯定回答并说自己最喜欢香蕉,故答案为C。

(2)听短对话,选择正确答案。

[命题形式]

短对话的形式通常是两个人一问一答。第一个人一般会提出一个问题,第二个人进行回答,所以对话中第二个人说话的内容往往是答题的关键所在。

[答题技巧]

听录音前要浏览题干与选项,预测对话的场景和主要内容;

听录音时要抓住对话中出现的时间、地点、数字、人物、职业等关键信息。

[真题再现]

What will the weather probably be like next Monday?

A. Cool.

B. Hot.

C. Rainy.

[听力原文]

W: Nice weather, isn't it?

M: Yes, it's cool and comfortable. And the weather report says the temperature will keep the same until next Thursday.

[答案解析]

A 通过浏览题目可知,本题问的是下周一的天气情况。对话中男子提到现在天气凉爽,而天气预报说这种天气将持续到下周四。由此推知下周一也是凉爽的天气,故A选项正确。

(3)听较长对话,选择正确答案。

[命题形式]

较长对话就是段落型对话,一般每个角色说话次数在两次或两次以上。对话后一般设置两个或两个以上的问题。

[答题技巧]

快速阅读问题和选项,从选项中初步推测将要听到的对话内容,为下一步选择正确答案打下基础。

听录音时,要如同身临其境一般以对话人的身份来理解对话内容。听第一遍录音时,先整体理解对话,快速而准确地记录一些关键信息:人物、时间、地点、数字以及事情的原委等。有的题目在听力材料中不能直接获取答案,则要特别注意理解说话人的言外之意;在第二遍听录音时,根据记录的关键信息,结合题目和选项,进一步确认答案。

利用录音停顿的间歇,迅速回顾对话内容,将自己记录的关键信息进行整合,迅速选出答案。

[真题再现]

① Who's listening to the music?

A. Andy.

B. Sam.

C. Lucy.

② What music does Sam like?

A. Country music.

B. Light music.

C. Pop music.

[听力原文]

M: Hi, Lucy! What are you doing? Reading a book?

W: Oh, no. I'm listening to the music.

M: What music?

W: Light music. It's relaxing. But what music do you like, Sam?

M: I prefer pop music.

[答案解析]

① C对话开头萨姆问露西“你在做什么”,露西的回答是“I'm listening to music.”,故C项正确。

② C对话中露西问萨姆“你喜欢什么音乐”,萨姆回答说“I prefer pop music.”,故C项正确。

(4)听长对话,选择正确答案。

[命题形式]

长对话中的对话回合数一般比较长对话的要多,对话后一般设置五个问题或一个表格填空题。

[答题技巧]

听录音前,要快速浏览题干和选项,整体把握提供的信息,预测可能出现的场景及对话内容;

听录音时,第一遍暂时不要做题,把有用的信息记录下来,从整体上把握对话内容;

听第二遍录音时,根据所记录信息及对对话的理解进行答题。

[真题再现]

①________don't like to play soccer.

A. The women

B. The boys

C. The girls

② The jacket may belong to________.

A. Sam

B. Larry

C. Don

③ Who does the sun hat belong to?

A. Anna.

B. Maria.

C. Larry.

④ Anna bought the________on the way here.

A. magazine

B. jacket

C. sun hat

⑤________brought the CDs to the picnic.

A. Don

B. Sam

C. Brad

[听力原文]

M: Wow! What a lot of things that have been left behind! Do you know who this soccer ball belongs to?

W: Well, it must belong to one of you boys. None of the girls plays soccer. I think it's Larry's, I know he loves soccer. And here's a jacket. Do you think it's Don's?

M: No, it can't be his. I know he wasn't wearing a jacket today. I think it belongs to Sam. I'll ask him when I see him later.

W: Thanks, Brad. And this sun hat probably belongs to one of the girls.

M: Yeah, it must be Maria's. I know she doesn't like the sun.

W: And do you think this magazine is hers, too? It's together with the hat.

M: No, I'm sure that's Anna's. I saw her buy it on the way here.

W: OK. And this box of chocolates? Look! There are still some left.

M: That must be Don's. You know how much he loves candy. So, that's it—everything belongs to somebody.

W: Wait! But what about all these CDs? Who brought them to the picnic, Brad?

M: I did. They belong to me, and I'd like to keep them—they're good!

[答案解析]

① C 由对话内容“...it must belong to one of you boys. None of the girls plays soccer.”可知,女孩们不喜欢踢足球。

② A 由对话内容“I think it belongs to Sam.”可知,应该选A项。

③ B 由对话内容“...it must be Maria's.”可知,应该选B 项。

④ A 由对话内容“I saw her buy it on the way here.”可知,安娜在路上买的是杂志。

⑤ C 由对话内容可知,男生名叫布莱德,由对话最后他说“They belong to me...”可知,应该选C项。

3.短文理解题

(1)听短文或独白,选择正确答案。

[命题形式]

该类题型是根据所听到的短文或独白选择正确的答案。一般设置五个小题,每个小题有三个选项。

[答题技巧]

听录音前迅速浏览所给问题及选项,通过分析比较,可以从中得到相关信息和提示,从而预测文章大意,以便有重点地获取文章的信息;

听的过程中应该抓住文章中提到的关键信息,如时间、地点、人物、事件、原因、方式等(即when,where,who,what,why,how),并及时对这些信息做好记录。记录时可以使用数字、字母或自己熟悉的符号;

对于直接获取信息类的题目,要快速选定答案,切勿浪费太多时间。对于需要计算或推断的题目,则应及时记录相关数字或其他信息,以便进行复查;

听第二遍录音时,对于第一遍没有做出来的试题应特别关注,仔细听录音,再结合之前记录的信息,选出答案。同时,对于第一遍听录音时就已确定的答案也要进行验证,避免出错。

[真题再现]

① Where is Paul's school?

A. In America.

B. In Canada.

C. In China.

② How old are the students in Paul's school?

A. Between 8 and 12.

B. Between 11 and 15.

C. Between 12 and 15.

③ Where does Paul begin his day?

A. In the radio station.

B. In the dining hall.

C. In his"home class".

④ What does Paul usually do after lunch?

A. Listen to school news.

B. Play in the music club.

C. Do his homework.

⑤ What is the speaker mainly talking about?

A. A boy's school life.

B. A music club.

C. A kind teacher.

[听力原文]

Today we are going to share Paul's school life.

Paul goes to a high school near New York in the United States. The school has 1,100 students between 12 and 15 years old. Paul goes to school from Monday to Friday, from 8:00 am to 3:00 pm.

Paul's day begins in his "home class". This is the room that his group uses most of the time. Here, his teacher checks that everybody is there. Then they listen to school news from the radio station.

After that, he has three lessons. At about 11:00 am he has a long break for lunch until about 1:00 pm. He has lunch in the school dining hall.

After lunch, there are lots of activities in the school that he can do. Paul likes playing in the school music club. His lessons begin again at about 1:00 pm.

[答案解析]

① A 此题为信息转换试题,通过听力原文中“Paul goes to a high school near New York in the United States.”一句可知,保罗的学校在美国,但选项并未直接给出United States,考生应知道America等同于United States。

② C 此题通过原文可直接得到答案,由“The school has 1,100 students between 12 and 15 years old.”可知本题答案为C。

③ C 此题询问保罗的学校生活开始的地方,由“Paul's day begins in his ‘home class’.”可直接得到本题答案为C。

④ B 根据“After lunch,there are lots of activities in the school that he can do. Paul likes playing in the school music club.”可知,午餐后,保罗喜欢去音乐俱乐部玩,故选B。

⑤ A 此题为主旨大意题,通过原文第一句“Today we are going to share Paul's school life.”以及整篇文章对于保罗学校生活的介绍可知答案为A。

(2)听短文或独白,完成表格。

[命题形式]

该题型主要根据听到的短文或独白填写表格中所缺的单词或短语,考查考生捕捉关键信息和理解细节的能力。

[答题技巧]

听录音前,应快速浏览表格,通过表头和左侧给出的疑问词或概括性词语预测文章的话题,分析句子大意、所填词的词性和大小写等,然后有针对性地听录音并获取关键信息;

听第一遍时掌握主要内容并做好记录,同时把听到的答案填上;听第二遍时,进一步确认听第一遍填入的答案是否准确,并补全剩余的空格;

把完成的表格再通读一遍,看是否有前后矛盾的地方,如果有则要及时更正。

[真题再现]

[听力原文]

Our town has changed a lot in the last forty years. When my parents were very young, most people worked as fishermen or farmers. Now in our town, a lot of people work in car factories, offices or banks. The factories are outside the town, and the offices and banks are in the center.

In our town, there are many different places to go in the evenings and at weekends. Young people like going to the swimming pool and the cinema while older people like going to the beach and the restaurants.

There is a big new sports center in our town and there are football matches and races there once a week.

[答案解析]

1.forty/40 由听力原文的第一句话可知,小镇在过去的四十年里变化很大。

2.farmers 由听力原文中的“When my parents were very young,most people worked as fishermen or farmers.”可知,在我父母小时候,大多数人以捕鱼或种地为生。

3.car 由听力原文中的“Now in our town,a lot of people work in car factories,offices or banks.”可知,现在小镇上的许多人在汽车厂、办公室或银行工作。

4.cinema 由听力原文中的“Young people like going to the swimming pool and the cinema.”可知,年轻人喜欢去泳池或电影院。

5.once 由听力原文的最后一句可知,在小镇的体育馆每周都有足球比赛。 /4N8Hb3y394kdPrGFZCB8IXRBXuIibIAz1zKywOQFvkiLseTTeQwcBJpF+55tRCG

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