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根据题目要求和不同的构词方式，可以把该题型分为：“构词法”“上下文”“定义、举例、同义和反义”等。
1. 构词法
在平时阅读过程中，如果一遇到生字词就去查找工具书，不但会降低阅读速度，而且也会影响到对整个语篇的理解，从而会降低阅读效率，影响答题正确率。所以在阅读时，如果遇到生字时，可以根据构词法的原则和方式来推测判断该生词的大致意思。首先要熟知各种构词法，懂得各种前后缀的用法和所表达的意义，以及各种词性间的转换方式和方法。其次，还要掌握组合词等构词的原则和要求。在解答这类题型时，要先分析生词在单词结构上的特点，然后再分析与之结构相近词的意义和词性，从而可以判断出该生词的词义。
①live to be...意为“活到……”。
如：The old man lived to be 75 and died last year. 那位老人活到75岁，去年去世了。
②love doing“喜欢做某事”。
如：My father loves reading and watching CCTV news. 我爸爸喜欢看书和看中央电视台新闻。
( ) The underlined word "friendly" means "__________" in Chinese.
A. 胆小的
B. 友好的
C. 飞快的
D. 敏捷的
解析 可从单词friend“朋友”推测出。friend（ n .）+ly→friendly（ adj .）友好的，故答案为B。
2. 上下文
在阅读答题中遇到生词时，可以利用语境推测来判断某些生词的词义。在解答这类题目时，需要把握上下文中与该词有密切关系的各种关键词、短语和句子的大致内容。掌握一定的猜词技巧，对突破阅读理解和提高语言运用能力都有着非常重要的意义。
I am Tom. My family live（住在）in Melbourne. My mother and father live in a big house. The house has got three bedrooms . One is for my parents to sleep（睡觉）in. One is for my sister Betty. One is for my brother Tony and me. I haven't got any grandparents，aunts or uncles in my family.
My father is forty-three years old . [8] He is a hotel manager. My mother is forty. She is a secretary in a factory. Betty is sixteen years old. Tony is nine years old and I'm twelve years old. We are students. I love my family very much.
( ) What is the meaning of the word "bedroom" in Chinese?
A. 厨房
B. 卧室
C. 走廊
D. 浴室
解析 根据文中句“The house has got three bedrooms. One is for my parents to sleep in.”可知是用来睡觉的房间，即卧室，故答案为B。
3. 定义 、 举例 、 同义和反义
做此类题目时，可以根据该词所在句子中的语言环境来综合分析并猜测出该词的词义。解答这类题目时，需要分析并找出该词所在句子或上下文中与之相关的内容，通常利用定义、概念等内容来判断，或是根据上下文中所给的例句来判断，或根据文中的同义词或反义词来判断。通常有这样一类的词或短语：such as，for example，refer to，including，mean等词。通过这样的锻炼，语言理解能力和运用能力一定会有较大提高。
Jane is very happy because her mother takes her to the zoo today. There are many different kinds of [9] animals in it. It is so interesting to go there.
First, Jane and her mother go to see tigers and lions. Lions and tigers are scary animals, so when they are in zoos, they live in strong cages . They can't walk freely. They eat a lot of [10] meat every day.
There are also two big elephants and a small one. The elephants are friendly. Jane rides on an elephant and she is so happy.
In the zoo there are also some lovely pandas. They are fat and shy. So people need to be very quiet when they see them. There are five giraffes in the zoo, too. They come from Africa. They are interesting and smart. They like to eat grass and leaves very much.
( ) The underlined word "cages" means "__________" in Chinese.
A. 山洞
B. 笼子
C. 房间
D. 野外
解析 根据下一句“They can't walk freely.”可知答案为B。
[1] allow sb to do sth意为“允许某人做某事”。
如：Don't allow the boy to swim in the river alone. 别允许那孩子独自下河游泳。
[2] be short of...意为“缺乏……”。
如：He failed twice，so he is short of confidence. 他失败两次了，所以他没信心了。
[3] be against “反对”。
如：The boy is against our plans. 那男生反对我们的计划。
[4] close to是固定短语，意为“靠近”。
如：I live close to my school. 我住在学校附近。
[5] back and forth“前前后后，来来回回”。
如：The old man walks back and forth in the yard. 那位老人在院子里来回走动。
[6] do some shopping “购物”，是固定短语。
如：On weekends，Mum often does some shopping，cleans the house and washes clothes. 周末，妈妈通常购物、打扫房间和洗衣服。
[7] enjoy doing sth “喜欢做某事”。
如：Lily enjoys playing the piano. 莉莉喜欢弹钢琴。
[8] 英语中“基数词+名词+形容词”，表示“多少……”。
如：This line is 2 meters long. 这根绳2米长。
[9] different kinds of...“不同种类的……”。
如：There're different kinds of flowers in the garden. 花园里有不同种类的花。
[10] a lot of“许多，大量”，是固定词组。其后可接可数名词复数，也可接不可数名词。
如：There is a lot of water in south China. 华南降水量大。