下载掌阅APP，畅读海量书库
立即打开
主旨大意题主要是考查学生对文章语篇的整体理解能力，即对一篇短文或某一段落的理解和驾驭能力。考查学生对文章的理解和归纳总结能力。通常分为段落大意、全文大意和文章标题三种类型。
1. 对段落大意的考查，主要是要求学生理解段落所要表达的主要内容。通常是根据段落的主要内容来归纳主题句，或者根据段落首尾句得到我们所需要的主题句，有的短文主题句存在于段落中间，需要理解和归纳，这样的句子通常具有概括、归纳、完整和简洁等特征。
2. 做文章主旨大意题目时，首先需要把握和总结每个语段的主旨大意。我们可以采用泛读法，了解全文的大致意思，掌握全文的主要段落的主旨大意，再概括文章的中心。
3. 在做文章标题类题目时，我们可以根据全文的中心思想并准确地找出文章的题眼，即简洁的、能浓缩全文主要内容的短句或短语作为标题。一般需要领略全文的主旨内容，精确领悟出作者明确的意图。
All living things on the earth need other living things to live.
Nothing lives alone. Most animals must live in a group，and even a plant grows close together with others of the same kind. Sometimes one living thing kills another，one eats and the other is eaten. Each kind of life eats another kind of life
in order to
live，and together they form a food chain（食物链）. Some food chains become broken up if one of the links disappears.
( ) Which of the following do you think is the best title for this passage?
A. Animals
B. Plants
C. Food Chains
D. Living things
解析 第一句是主题句。这个句子概括了本段的中心意思，“地球上所有的生物都相互依存”。后面讲述了大量的事实，“大部分动物必须成群地生活，甚至一种植物也要和其他同类的植物在一起生长。有时一种生物杀死另一种生物，一种生物吃掉另一种生物”。在列举了大量的事实之后，作者指出：如果这些食物链中的一个链环消失，食物链就会断掉。所有这些事实都是围绕第一个句子展开的。
根据主题句的意思，我们可以很容易判断：这篇短文最好的标题是“Food Chains”。故答案为C。
细节理解题分为四种：直接信息题、间接信息题、排序题和数据计算题（不举例说明）。
1. 直接信息题
细节理解题要求对文章中某一个具体事实或细节进行理解。有的问题可以从文章中找到明确的答案，但有的则需要我们在理解文章中相关句子的基础上对有关信息进行处理后，才能找到答案。做这类题目时一般可采用“寻读法”，带着问题快速阅读材料，找出与问题有关或相同的词语或句子，再对相关词语或句子进行分析比较，获取准确信息，进而得出正确答案。
More Chinese universities are opening their libraries to the public, allowing people to enjoy [1] reading during normal time and the vacations.
But for some students, including Wang Ling, 21, in Sun Yat-sen University, this practice has caused headaches. "Members of the public come to our library more for sightseeing than reading," said Wang.
"They sometimes even bring their kids along, and take photos as if it were a place of interest."
Wang has found it hard to get a seat during busy times. Being short of [2] space is a common problem for university libraries in China.
However, this is not the only reason why students dislike their libraries being open to members of the public. They fear that the quietness of the libraries will be influenced because of visitors'rude behaviour.
( ) We can see from the passage that Wang Ling__________.
A. hates to study in the library
B. prefers sightseeing to reading
C. feels good to play with kids
D. is a university student aged 21
解析 本题是直接信息题，可以从文中直接找到答案信息。根据第二段第一句可知王玲是一个21岁的大学生。故答案为D。
2. 间接信息题
我们在做阅读理解题时，一定要先把题目和相关信息进行综合分析对比，通过推理得出答案。通常要通过句式转换或词语转换，如通过“反义词转换”“否定疑问句与肯定陈述句转换”等方法进行内容延伸，推测可能引发的结果和其他影响，从而得出题目所要求得到的信息、结果或答案。
Chen Jie，18，a student in Tongji University，is one who would be against [3] opening to the public.“I have been to a public library before. People were chatting loudly or speaking on cell phone so you can hardly read，” Chen said. She notices teachers doing serious reading and feels their concentration（专注）has influenced her.“If too many strangers stay here，the whole library will be a noisy place and it's difficult for us to study quietly，” she said.
Will there be alternative（可替代的）ways to share those libraries？Some experts consider that university libraries can stop the public from entering certain areas.“We might keep magazines for academic research only for teachers and students，” said Zhu Lina，library director in Jinan University.
Working together with the community library is another solution. "It's possible that a member of the public can order a book in our library over the Internet," Ge Jianxiong, the library director in Fudan University said. "We'll send it to a public library close to [4] their home."
( )The writer quotes（引用）two library directors'words to help explain how to__________.
A. manage libraries online
B. keep the public polite
C. do scientific research
D. share university libraries
解析 本题属于间接信息题，问题的答案不能直接从文中找到，需要做推理和转换信息。从文章的倒数两段内容可知，管理员的话是为了解决公众读者扰乱高校图书馆秩序的问题而提出的可行解决方案。全文都是围绕这一社会问题展开的，主要是想表达如何更好地共享高校图书馆。故答案为D。
3. 排序题
我们在解答细节推理题时，要先仔细审题，从而得出题目要表达的真实要求，然后再对短文中与之相关的材料进行分析。在解答排序题时，要把题目中相关的事件或内容的顺序在短文中进行准确定位，然后才可得到我们所需要的答案。我们在解答这类题目时，要注意对文中材料仔细分析，尤其要关注时间词，如：then，after，as，before，later，ago等，从而确定事件的正确时间顺序。
Here is an experiment（实验）to see how ants can organize some clever teamwork.
①a slice of 是固定词组，意为“一片，一块”。
如：Please give me a slice of bread to eat. 请给我一片面包吃。
What's going on ?
You can see one of the best examples of insect teamwork by watching ants. If one ant finds food，it will lead others there to eat it too. They follow each other by making long trails. The ants go back and forth [5] collecting food，to take it back to their nest（穴）. When you move the fruit，the ants will still find it. But instead of making a new direct route（路线）to the food，they will follow each other through their old trail route.
( ) Which is the correct order to do this experiment?
a. Move the fruit to a new position.
b. Find an ant.
c. Check the fruit an hour later.
d. Put a thin slice of fruit in front of the ant.
A. a-b-c-d
B. b-d-c-a
C. d-b-c-a
D. c-a-d-b
解析 通读全文和实验步骤可知本题答案为B。