



请就few和a few的分别,little和a little的分别,以及这两组的分别,加以例解。
【解答】 这四者在意义上都是表示“少”的。few和a few是表不定的少数,与复数普通名词连用,而little和a little就是表不定的少量,与物质名词或抽象名词连用。a few和a little 是表示“有一点”,few和little则表示“几无”,有冠词的重点在“有”,无冠词的重点在“无”。这些字除了原来的形容词用法外,又可作副词或名词用,容在下列举例说明。
据COD的解释,few是表many的反对意念,a few是表none的反对意念。在ALD上的解释是few = not many;a few = a small number(of)。有人认为a few是指two or three是不对的,应当更多一点才对。例如with few exceptions(几无例外)、those of few years(年少者)、a man of few words(寡言的人)、a few people(少数几个人)、a few nights later(几个晚上以后)、a few weeks honeymoon(几个礼拜的新婚旅行)、a few dozen mines(几十个地雷)、a few hundred million dollars(数亿元)。little = not much,而a little = some though not much〔COD〕,同指数目的字一样,前者为否定,后者为肯定,用法也同。现分别加以例解。
A. 形容词。
Few people live to be 100 and fewer still live to be 110.(没有几个人活到一百岁的,活到一百一十岁的人更少。)
Which of you made the fewest mistakes?(你们谁错得最少?)
Have you a few minutes to spare?(我可以耽搁你几分钟吗?)
His books have not a few(= many)readers.(他的书有不少的读者。)
I have little money left.(我没有剩下几文。)
The doctor says that he has a little chance of recovery.(医生说他稍为有点恢复的机会。)
He has made not a little(= much)money on account of the business activity.(他因为生意发达赚了不少的钱。)
The children themselves,with little or no prompting,will suggest that . . . ——W. W. Sawyer(对他们什么鼓动的话都不说,孩子们自己也会提出要……的。)
We were a little ahead of schedule.(比预定的稍为快了一点。)
B. 名词。
A few of the children were desperately frightened.(有几个小孩吓得很厉害。)
A faithful few remained.(只剩下少数几个忠实份子。)
I know a few of these people.(这些人当中我有几个是认识的。)
He has seen little of life.(他没有见过世面。)
I know a little about it.(此事我知道一点。)
She did precious(= extremely)little to save herself.(她为自救可以说什么都没有做。)
C. 副词。
Won’t you stay a little longer?(你请多坐一会儿吧。)
Little did I dream of succeeding so well.(我做梦也未想到会有这样大的成功。)(注意)little 与dream、expect、think等动词连用时,有完全否定的意思。
在few或little前不用不定冠词的a,而改用定冠词的the,以及one’s、only、too、very 等字也是可以的。在few前还可以用these、those等限定词。例如:the few songs that they knew(他们知道的那几支歌)、these few days(这几天)、Fred’s few hobbies(佛来德的几种癖好)、every few years(每数年)、the same few popular pieces(同样几本适合一般人看的作品)。the few = the minority,是对the many = the majority说的。the chosen few是指选定的少数人。
To the idle few dress is a business;to the busy many it is a hobby.(对少数有闲的人,服饰是一件大事;对多数繁忙的人,服饰是一种癖好。)
I have seen only a few Russian films.(我只看过很少几部苏联的片子。)only a few与few 略同。
Very few people know it.(没有几人知此。)
There were too few of them.(他们为数太少。)
I see very little of him.(我很少见到他。)
The little of his work that I have seen seems excellent.(我只看过他极少一点儿作品,觉得很好。)