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19. 关系代名词的省略

There’s many people want to do the same.(很多人都想要做同样的事情。)在这句话中,为什么用了动词is,又用动词want,岂不是一句中用上两个动词了吗?

【解答】 依照文法的规则,一句中只能有一个主语(Subject)和一个述语(Predicate,即一般所谓谓语——编注)。述语就是动词,如果一句中要用两个动词的话,就要用连词的and或or连起来,再不然就让第二个动词变成不定词(Infinitive)。前者如“He comes and goes.(他来来去去。)”,后者如“He come to see me.(他来看我。)”。但问题中提出的句子却不是这样,因为那原来是两个句子构成的,省去了一个关系代名词罢了。那句话本来应作 :

There’s many people who want to do the same.

这是一种古老的说法,莎翁时代是很普通的,一直流传下来,在今日的口语中仍很通用。使我们感到一句中有两个动词的,是主格关系代名词省略的结果,至于宾格关系代名词也常省略,但我们不会觉得有什么异样,只认为更加简明,例如:

The book(that或which)I bought yesterday is very interesting.(我昨天买的那本书非常有趣。)

Buy it back from the man(whom或that)you sold it to.(从你卖给他的那人手里再买回来。)

不管是主格或宾格的关系代名词,只有在限定用法的时候才能省略。兹将主格关系代名词各种省略的形式,分别举例说明如下:

(1)关系代名词为补语时:

She is not the cheerful woman〔that〕 she was before she married.(她已不是结婚前那样快乐的女人了。)

I’m not the fool〔that〕 you thought me(to be).(我并不是如你所想的那种傻子。)

(2)以There’s、Here’s开始的文句:

There’s a man at the door〔who〕 wants to see you.(门口有人要见你。)

There’s a lot〔that〕 goes on abroad this ship that I don’t like.(在这船上有很多事我不喜欢。)

There’s lots of people〔who〕 would give a bit to know that.(很多人都极想知道那个。)(在口语中常以there is代there are用,本句中的a bit原为a little之意,但现作反语用,意为very much。正式用there are的当然不错,如“There are many surprising things〔that〕 happen in this world.”。)

Here’s a lady〔who〕 called about a cat.(有位太太为着猫的事来访。)

There’s a gentleman〔who has〕 come to talk to you.(有位先生来跟你谈谈。)

(3)加强语气的It is . . . that 的句型:

It’s not everybody〔that〕 knows the right way to test perfume.(并不是人人都知道正当的试验香水的方法。)

It was I〔that〕 bought these flowers for Miss A.(为A小姐买了这些花的人是我呀。)

(4)在关系代名词后出现there is(are)时:

She taught me the difference〔that〕 there is between what is right and what is wrong.(她教了我好坏的区别。)

I have seen all〔that〕 there is left to see in the city.(在市内未看完的东西我全部看了。)

The number of mistakes〔that〕 there are in this homework is simply astounding.(在这份课外作业中错误多得惊人。)

(5)有插入句I know、we think等时:

She is just the type〔that〕 I always knew would attract him.(她确是能吸引他的那种典型的女性。)

Many of those qualities〔that〕 we think are typical of Americans in general were the result of this frontier life.(可认为是美国人一般的特征的许多那样的性质,是从边疆拓荒生活而产生出来的。)

(6)关系代名词为主语或宾语时:

The hinge is loose and the first wind〔that〕 comes along will blow the whole door off.(铰链很松,第一次刮风就会把整个的门吹掉的。)(主语)

I landed one once〔that〕 weighed two and a half tons.(我有一次钓到一条有两吨半重。)(宾语) Rk0rsLZPJz2x0JUBUpMq8lbEIVrB21dQAoEnvga2Zpq/L1Nng+xh2fUruiq1KNFb

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