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五 结语

本文通过考察权利观念的历史缘起,尤其是通过对作为它的基石的自由和理性观念的考察,以及通过与中国传统权利理念的一个比较,以期获得一种有关权利的更为恰当的看法。就现代西方的权利观念来讲,其所强调的是一种注重个人自由,注重个人权利与国家权力相对抗的权利观念。但是这种权利观念在缺乏恰当规范约束的情况下很容易被滥用,比如绝对的财产权便会造成某些不可欲的后果。因此,晚近以来,西方世界也在反思这样一种完全立足于个人主张权的权利观念(claim right),而试图用理性,亦即合乎理性(reasonable)这一标准予以约束。恰恰在这里,我们可以看到笔者在上文所勾勒出的中国式的权利观念的某种力量与智慧:在这种权利观念中,它并不强调一种对抗式的关系模式,而强调人与人之间的和谐关系,强调人与人之间的正当关系,从而在一种正当关系中界定权利以及行使权利的限度。

因此,正是在这个意义上,我们可以说,中国虽在现代化发展的牵引之下,将现代西方的权利、自由和理性等观念变为人们生活与行动的律令,但是,中国人的生存之路与发展道路仍会在更深刻的层面上受到中国传统知识体系和价值理念的影响。一个民族总有一种属于自己的文化心理结构和精神力量,正是它们的独一无二的沉积影响到了这个民族的独特个性。中国文化传统就是中华民族在长期的历史过程中积累下来的内在文明和智慧,它具有一定的传承性,即使在当代某些具体的内容和形态发生了变化,但其内在的灵魂仍然存在,并在思维模式、道德标准等方面存有影响。因此我们说,我们正是依赖这样一些文化和思想资源来重塑一种更好和更恰当的有关权利的理解的。

The Phylogenetics of Rights,Freedom and Reason:A Comparative Investigation of Chinese and Western Concepts

Chen Yuan

Abstract: Rights is a core concept of politics and law in modern Western. It is important to discuss how rights occurs in the context of ancient Greece and Roman civilization in terms of occurrence,and to deeply analyze how the concept of western rights is generated through the investigation of freedom and ration which are the cornerstone of the civilizations. Returning to the starting point of the growth of Chinese and Western cultural values,I specifically examined the internal relations of many factors. Based on it,I compared the similarities and differences of the concept of rights between Chinese traditional culture ancient Greek and Roman cultures in order to generate a more appropriate view of rights.

Keywords: Rights;Freedom;Reason;Phylogenetics Comparion


[1] Gouldner A.W.,“The War Between the Cities”,in Citizenship:Critical Concepts ,Volume Ⅰ,ed.Bryan S.Turner and Peter Hamilton,London:Roultedge,1994,p.332.

[2] G.P.Pobson, A Chaos of Delight Science:Religion and Myth and the Shaping of Western Thought ,Equinox Publishing Ltd.,2005,p.256.

[3] Neal Wood, Cicero’s Social and Political Thought ,Berkeley,CA:University of California Press,1988,p.76.

[4] Cicero,“The Republic and the Laws”,in William Ebenstein, Great Political Thinkers ,New York:Holt,Rinehart and Winston,1969(4 th ed.),p.137. YoOD8rkH6JETcU8QEtdfPU0y7DuhuQxZ525yDGqS2fcZyuTaXUrZwZDvKIxlWBtH

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