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［1］The Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease（GOLD）.Global Strategy for diagnosis management and prevention of COPD.2015.Available from：http：／goldcopd.org.
［2］Hirota N，Martin JG.Mechanisms of airway remodeling.Chest.2013，Sep，144（3）：1026-1032.
［3］中华医学会呼吸病学分会慢性阻塞性肺疾病学组.慢性阻塞性肺疾病诊治指南（2013年修订版）.中华结核和呼吸杂志，2013，36（4）：255-264.
［4］American Thoracic Society.Chronic bronchitis，asthma and pulmonary emphysema：a statement by the Committee on Diagnostic Standards for Nontuberculous Respiratory Diseases.Am Rev Respir Dis，1962，85：762-768.
［5］Snider GL.Distinguishing among asthma，chronic bronchitis，and emphysema.Chest，1985，Jan，87（1 Suppl）：35s-39s.
［6］World Health Organisation.World Health Statistics.2008.Available from：http：／www.who.int／gho／publications／world_health_statistics／EN_WHS08_Full.pdf.
［7］Mannino DM，Buist AS.Global burden of COPD：risk factors，prevalence，and future trends.Lancet，2007，Sep 1，370（9589）：765-773.
［8］Balmes J，Becklake M，Blanc P，et al.American Thoracic Society Statement：Occupational contribution to the burden of airway disease.American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine，2003，Mar 1，167（5）：787-797.
［9］Kurmi OP，Semple S，Simkhada P，et al.COPD and chronic bronchitis risk of indoor air pollution from solid fuel：a systematic review and meta-analysis.Thorax，2010，Mar，65（3）：221-228.
［10］Torres-Duque C，Maldonado D，Perez-Padilla R，et al.Biomass fuels and respiratory diseases：a review of the evidence.Proceedings of the American Thoracic Society，2008，Jul，15，5（5）：577-590.
［11］Brunekreef B，Beelen R，Hoek G，et al.Effects of long-term exposure to traffic-related air pollution on respiratory and cardiovascular mortality in the Netherlands：the NLCS-AIR study.Research report（Health Effects Institute），2009，Mar（139）：5-71；discussion 3-89.
［12］Lamprecht B，McBurnie MA，Vollmer WM，et al.COPD in never smokers：results from the population-based burden of obstructive lung disease study.Chest，2011，Apr，139（4）：752-763.
［13］Stoller JK，Aboussouan LS.Alpha1-antitrypsin deficiency.Lancet，2005，Jun 25-Jul 1，365（9478）：2225-2236.
［14］Barnes PJ.Mediators of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.Pharmacological reviews，2004，Dec，56（4）：515-548.
［15］MacNee W，Rahman I.Is oxidative stress central to the pathogenesis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease？Trends in molecular medicine，2001，Feb，7（2）：55-62.
［16］American Thoracic Society／European Respiratory Society Task Force.Standards for the Diagnosis and Management of Patients with COPD.Version 1.2.New York2004［updated 2005 September 8］.Available from：http：／www.thoracic.org／go／copd.
［17］Watz H，Waschki B，Meyer T，et al.Physical activity in patients with COPD.The European respiratory journal，2009，Feb，33（2）：262-272.
［18］Casanova C，Cote CG，Marin JM，et al.The 6-min walking distance：long-term follow up in patients with COPD.The European respiratory journal，2007，Mar，29（3）：535-540.