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西餐那些事儿·西餐礼仪

走进餐厅,侍者先引领客人入座,然后送上菜单。至于如何点菜,菜单上通常有推荐的套餐或招牌菜,有的甚至是以店名命名的,可以根据自己的喜好选择。通常午餐和晚餐的菜式会有所不同,午餐简单一些。餐厅会根据季节的变化随时更换菜单。

餐厅通常会播放和餐厅风格相配的音乐,如蓝调、乡村音乐、怀旧的歌曲等,音乐声音很小,让人身心放松,尽享美食与音乐。

西餐礼仪起源于法国梅罗文加王朝,到了罗马帝国的查里曼大帝时,礼仪更为复杂而专制。在17世纪以前,传统习惯是戴着帽子进餐,餐桌礼仪显得烦琐与严苛。时至今日,这些餐桌礼仪在欧洲国家保留了下来。男士需穿西装、衬衣、打领带或系领结、穿皮鞋;女士着正装或礼服。当你就坐时,最得体的入座方式是从左侧入座,椅子被拉开后,身体在几乎碰到桌子的地方站直,腿弯碰到后面的椅子时,就可以坐下来了。用餐时,身体坐端正,双腿平放,腹部和桌子保持约一个拳头的距离,以便于使用餐具为佳。

餐巾的正确使用方法:通常在点餐后才将餐巾打开,先对折,然后开口朝外置于膝上。餐巾除了防止调味汁滴落,弄脏衣服以外,还可以用来擦嘴、手,也可以在吐出鱼骨或水果核时拿来遮住嘴巴。擦嘴时,先用餐巾的末端顺着嘴唇轻轻擦拭,弄脏的部分往内侧卷起。用餐完毕或吃完甜点后,先将腿上的餐巾拿起,随意叠好,放在餐桌的左侧,然后起身离座。若有主宾或长辈在座,一定要等他们拿起餐巾折叠时才能整理自己的餐巾。若中途暂时离开,可用盘子压住餐巾的一角,让餐巾从餐桌上垂下一角,而且脏的一面朝内侧比较雅观。

进餐时,左手持叉,右手拿刀;切东西时左手拿叉按住食物,右手拿刀将其切成小块,用叉子将食物送入口中。一般说来,欧洲人使用刀、叉时不换手,一直用左手持叉将食物送入口内;美国人则是切好后,把刀放下,右手持叉将食物送入口中。使用刀时,刀刃不可向外。进餐中放下刀、叉时应分别放在餐盘两边,摆成“八”字形。刀刃朝向自身,表示还要继续吃。每吃完一道菜,将刀、叉并拢放在盘中。如果是谈话,可以拿着刀、叉,不需要放下。不用刀时,可用右手持叉,但若需要做手势时,就应放下刀、叉,千万不可手执刀、叉在空中挥舞摇晃;也不要一手拿刀或叉,而另一只手拿餐巾擦嘴;也不可一手拿酒杯,另一只手拿叉取菜。

吃西餐时,要保持安静,谈话时声音尽量小声,一举一动都不要影响其他客人。餐具不要发出声音,喝汤时也尽量不发出声音,吃东西要闭嘴咀嚼。喝汤时,汤勺从里向外舀,汤盘中的汤快喝完时,用左手将汤盘的外侧稍稍翘起,用汤勺舀净即可。吃完汤菜时,将汤匙留在汤盘(碗)中,汤匙把儿指向自己。吃鱼、肉等带刺或骨的菜肴时,可用餐巾捂嘴轻轻吐在叉上放入盘内。如果盘内只剩少量菜肴时,应以小块面包或叉子相助食用。吃意大利面时要用叉子先将面条卷起,然后送入口中。面包抹黄油和果酱时先将面包掰成小块再抹,不要拿着整块面包送入口中。吃面包可蘸调味汁吃到连调味汁都不剩,这是对厨师的尊敬。凡是吃带骨头的主菜时,应先将骨去掉,不要用手拿着吃。吃鱼时要吃完上面的之后,用刀、叉将鱼骨去掉,再吃下面的。吃肉时,切一块吃一块,或一次将肉都切成块,肉不能切得过大。喝咖啡时若添加奶或糖,需用专用小勺搅拌均匀,将小勺放在咖啡的垫碟上。喝时右手拿杯把儿,左手端垫碟,直接用嘴喝。吃水果时,应先用水果刀将水果切小块,再用刀去掉皮、核,用叉子叉着吃。

餐厅的环境雅致、气氛和谐,餐具、餐桌干净整洁。柔和的灯光,淡淡的音乐,优雅的礼仪,美味的食物,让你融入了浪漫、安静的氛围。

The Manner of Western Cuisine

After the waiter guides you to your table, the first thing that is placed in front of you isthe menu. The menu is the first manifestation of a restaurant. Usually, there will be somerecommended set dishes or specialties on the menu, some dishes are named after therestaurant’s name. You can choose according to your own preference. Compared with dinner,lunch is usually simpler. The menu might also be changed seasonally.

Some restaurants will play music according to the atmosphere of the restaurant like blues,folk songs or nostalgic songs. Their volume will not be too high, so you can enjoy your meal withthe music in the background.

The manner of Western cuisine originates from the Merovingian Dynasty. It became muchmore complicated and dictatorial after it was passed down to the Frankish Kingdom. Before the17th century, people would wear a hat to have dinner and the manner was very strict and intricate.Today some mannerisms have been forgotten while some are still being used in some Europeancountries during meals. For example, gentlemen must wear formal suits with shirts, ties or bowsinside, and formal shoes; ladies must wear a dress or evening gown. Before you sit down, youmust pull out the chair, move to your seat from the left side, bend down and when you can almosttouch the chair, you may be seated. During meals, you should sit up straight with your kneels onthe same level; the distance between your stomach and the table should be about one fist, whichis ideal to use a folk and a knife.

After you place your order, you should open your napkin, fold it and put it over your knees.The napkin is used to protect your clothes from juice or sauce; as well as using it to wipe yourmouth, hands and figures, you can also use it to cover your mouth when you want to spit out fisbone or fruit seed. When wiping your mouth, you should use one side of the napkin and gently tapit around your mouth, and then roll up the dirty part. When you finish your meal, you can pick upthe napkin, put it on the left side of the table and leave. If there are elder people or guests sittingbeside you, you should wait until they take away the napkin first. You should try not to leave thetable in the middle of a meal, if you have to, you can put one corner of your napkin under the plateand keep the dirty part inside.

When you are dining, you should hold the fork in your left hand and the knife in your righthand. When eating meat, use the fork to stabilize and the knife to cut the meat, and then use thefork again to pick up the sliced meat. Usually, Europeans will not change the fork and knife fromone hand to the other, they will keep using their left hand to hold the fork and place the food intotheir mouth. While the Americans are used to cutting the meat into pieces, and then putting theknife down and using their right hand to hold the fork to eat. When using the knife, we shouldavoid facing the blade outside. If you want to put down your fork and knife, you should place themon each side of your plate and make them lean a little bit toward your plate. If the blade faces you,it means you just have a pause and will continue eating. When you finish each dish, put the forkand knife together on your plate. While talking, you can hold your fork and knife and do not needto put them down. If you do not want to use the knife, you can put it down and use your right handto hold the fork. However, if you need to make a gesture, put it down. Never wave your fork andknife or hold them while you are wiping your mouth or holding a glass of wine.

While having Western cuisine, you need to keep quiet; if you want to talk, you should loweryour voice, and try not to disturb other people in the restaurant. When eating, do not make loudnoises with your fork and knife. Try to close your mouth when eating, do not smack your lips whendrinking soup or chewing food. When drinking soup, use a spoon to scoop soup from the insideto the outside. When the soup is almost finished, you can tilt the plate with your left hand and useyour spoon to finish the rest. After finishing the soup, leave the spoon on the plate with the handlfacing towards yourself. When you are eating fish or steak with bones, do not spit it out directly,try to use a napkin to cover your mouth, or you can spit them on the fork first, and then put thembeside the plate. If there is only a little food left on the plate, use a piece of bread and your fork totake it out gently. When eating spaghetti, roll it with your fork and then eat it. Do not bite the breaddirectly, tear it into pieces and add some butter or jam. When the chef knows you have finishedevery dish, he will feel respected and satisfied. If your dish has bones, try to take out the bonefirst, do not eat it with your hand. When eating fish, you should pick out the bone with your knifand fork after you finish one side. When eating meat, cut one slice after you finish one, do not cuit too large or cut it all at once. When drinking coffee, use a spoon to add and stir milk or sugar;when you are finished, put the spoon on the coffee plate, hold the cup with your right hand andthe plate with your left hand and sip gently. When eating fruit, do not bite the whole fruit, pick outand discard its skin and kernel, cut it into slices and use a fork to eat.

The environment of having Western cuisine is elegant and harmonious. The table andtableware are tidy and clean. The light is soft, the music is delightful, the manner is elegant andthe food is delicious. You are surrounded by a romantic and gentle atmosphere. fwAGc2h2TffP0dTXacXW4OtK8IzvZ3ZCfdO1qLTTIYcdUFw2Xj6eKypoHYkQ0JkA

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