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西方各国的餐饮文化有各自的特点，菜式也都不尽相同。西餐可分为法式、意式、英式、美式、俄式等不同风格。
法国菜是国际上公认的传统的、典型的、正宗的西餐代表，至今仍名列世界西菜之首。法国人的早餐通常是法式面包和热饮料，他们对午餐、晚餐比较重视，特别是晚餐，通常要吃好几道菜，用餐时间长，菜肴很考究。法国菜分为开胃菜、前菜、主菜、奶酪、甜点五大项，而主菜又分为海鲜类和肉类两组选择。高级的法国餐厅都会提供特别的季节菜单，如“冬季套餐”“春季套餐”。法国人把酒当作饮料。法式菜肴的特点是：选料广泛、用料新鲜、加工精细、烹调考究、装饰美观、品种繁多。由于法国人偏爱生嫩食品，杀菌消毒助消化的调料用得较多，如生洋葱、蒜头、芥末酱、白醋、各种酒类等。法国菜常用食材有牛肉、羊肉、鹅肝、海鲜、鱼子酱、田螺、蔬菜、松露。配料常使用大量的酒、牛油、鲜奶油及各种香料。法国料理三宝：松露、鹅肝酱、鱼子酱。法式名菜有：鹅肝酱、洋葱汤、蒜头烤羊腿、各式牛扒、法式红酒鸡、拿破仑千层酥、奶油焗蜗牛等。
意大利人的早餐很简单，往往是一杯咖啡、一块夹火腿的面包。午餐是一天的主餐，以面食为主，晚餐通常八九点开始。面食多、花色丰富是意大利菜的突出特点，各种意大利面条、馄饨享誉世界。烹调方法以焖、烩、焗为主。调味品以盐、胡椒粉、番茄酱、橄榄油、红花粉为主，菜肴呈现原汁原味的特点。意大利盛产奶酪和香肠，意大利人忽视蔬菜，这与法国人不同。意式名菜有：米兰猪柳、意大利调味饭、焗鱼、肉酱意粉、那不勒斯烤龙虾、佛罗伦萨烤牛扒、比萨、提拉米苏等。咖啡在意大利也非常流行，蒸汽咖啡和卡布奇诺是意大利人饭后与休息时的常用饮品。
英国人的传统习惯是早晨起床后喝一杯浓红茶。早餐为典型的“英式早餐”或称作“皇式早餐”，主要有果汁、麦片粥或玉米片、各类鸡蛋带培根或火腿、面包、咖啡或红茶等。午餐比较简单，往往是一个汤、一道菜、咸面包或吐司、咖啡等，有时吃些三明治等快餐。英国人在下午四五点钟有喝下午茶的习惯，同时要吃些蛋糕、三明治、饼干之类的点心。英国人对晚餐比较重视，有烧烤禽类、牛排等；也有海鲜、汤、冷盘、甜点。英国人讲究用餐的质量、讲究花色搭配，菜肴清淡少油、鲜嫩焦香，烹调中很少用酒、调味料，常用调味料一般放在餐桌上供客人选用。英式名菜有：爱尔兰烩羊肉、各式牛扒、西冷牛排、焗鱼蘑菇少司、烤羊鞍、布丁等。
美国菜是在英国菜的基础上发展起来的。美国人的早餐结合英式早餐，再加上各种果汁、瓦夫饼、热饼、油炸水果、唐纳滋等。午餐以快餐、便餐为主，汉堡包由德国移民带入美国后成为典型的美国快餐食品。晚餐比较丰盛。美国人喜欢甜食，尤其爱吃冰淇淋；对沙拉感兴趣，沙拉原料大多采用水果、蔬菜；对西红柿尤为钟爱，经常夹在汉堡、热狗、三明治中，在吃面包、牛排、炸土豆条时，常伴以大量番茄沙司。美国菜咸中带甜，其特点是：水果广泛应用；“铁扒”类菜肴较普遍；各种沙拉制作讲究。美国人对辣味不感兴趣。常见美式名菜有：华尔道夫沙拉、苹果烤鸭、美式什锦铁扒、菠萝丁香焗火腿、华盛顿奶油汤等。
传统俄国菜与英、美、法等国家的菜肴差别较大。俄国人一般对早餐和午餐较为重视，晚餐比较简单。早餐通常少不了一杯酸奶、烤面包或黑面包、各种蛋类配火腿或香肠等，喜爱奶渣或奶渣饼，糖油煎饼和糖油吐司也爱吃，最后喝一杯咖啡或红茶。午餐一般要有冷小吃、各种红菜汤、主菜、甜点、茶或咖啡等。而晚餐比较简单，一般不喝汤，仅有一个冷盘或一道主菜，甚至吃些土豆配酸包菜或酸黄瓜等，外加一点发面点心或其他干点心、一杯红茶即可。绝大多数俄国人爱喝烈性酒，如伏特加、白兰地等。俄国菜偏咸、辣、甜，口味重，油腻，烹饪时大都用酸奶油、奶渣、酸黄瓜、白醋、辣椒、黄油、小茴香、香叶、黑椒籽等作调味料。常用烹调方法是烩、焖、炸、烤、煎、炒等。俄式传统名菜有：黄油鸡卷、罗宋汤、莫斯科红汤、俄式冷盘、高加索羊肉串、莫斯科蔬菜沙拉等。
Western cuisine has its own characteristics and different Western countries have theirown distinctive dishes. They can be divided into the following categories: French, British, Italian,Russian, American and Mediterranean cuisine.
French cuisine is one of the most classical and representative of Western cuisine. It alsoranks as one of the top Western cuisines in the world. French breakfast is composed of abaguette and hot drinks. The French people take their lunch and dinner very seriously. Duringdinner, several dishes are served subsequently – they are bread, appetizer, main dish, cheeseand dessert. The choices for main course is seafood, meat or vegetables. High-end Frenchrestaurants tend to offer seasonal menus like “Winter Menu” or “Spring Menu”. The French loveto have wine and spirits with their meals. France is also one of the largest wine producing regionsin the world. The characteristics of French cuisine are their various ingredients in their fresh andlocal food. The French eat raw vegetables, especially salad with vinaigrette made of onion, garlic,mustard or white vinegar. This can kill unhealthy microbes and help stomach digestion. Commoningredients used in French cuisine include steak, veal, seafood, poultry, lamb, caviar, vegetable,truffle, escargot and goose liver. The accompanying sauces are usually made with wine, butter,fresh cream and other spices. The top three popular dishes in France are truffle, goose liver pasteand caviar. Other French dishes include goose liver sauce, onion soup, roasted gigot, steaks,French fowl with red wine, millefeuille, escargot with cream and many more.
An Italian breakfast is very simple, a cup of coffee and bread with ham starts of a fresh day.
Lunch is the main meal, in which they will have different kinds of pasta dishes. Dinner usuallystarts at eight or nine in the evening. Italian cuisine is famous for the art of pasta like spaghetti andravioli. The cooking techniques mainly used in the Italian kitchen include braise, bake and roast.Their flavor profile includes salt, pepper, tomato sauce, olive oil and carthamus powder. Italianlike to preserve the original flavor of food. They prefer cheese and sausage to vegetable. PopularItalian dishes are like Milan style fried pork fillet, Italian rice, grilled fish, rigatoni, Naples broilelobster, Florence steak, pizza, and tiramisu. Coffee is very prevalent in Italy, steamed coffee andcappuccino are their most popular drinks after meals.
A British morning begins with a cup of intense black tea. They might also have “Britishbreakfast” or “Royal breakfast”, which has juice, oatmeal, cereal, eggs with bacon, sausages,bread, and coffee for example. Lunch is served with soup, a main dish, salted bread or toast andcoffee. They will sometimes have fast food like sandwiches. The British also enjoy a practicecalled “High Tea”, where tea is served alongside refreshments like cakes, sandwiches andbiscuits at four or five in the afternoon. Dinner is a highly regarded meal for the British. Roastedfowl, steak, seafood, soup, cold dishes and dessert are served on the table. British people payparticular attention to the quality of their meals – the balance of nutrition, they use less oil topreserve the foods original flavor, and seek a crispy outside and tender inside for meats. Theyseldom add wine or sauce in dishes when cooking; instead, they offer different flavoring on thetable to let people choose according to their own preference. Famous British dishes includeIrish braised lamb, steaks, beef sirloin, grilled fish with mushroom sauce, roasted lamb chop andpudding.
The development of American cuisine is based on British cuisine. Similar to the Britishbreakfast, Americans like to have all kinds of juices, waffle, pancake, dried fruit and donuts. Lunchis usually composed of fast food. Hamburger was first brought to America by German immigrants,and it soon became one of the most popular food in America. Dinner is quite satisfactory.Compared with British, Americans prefer desserts, especially ice-cream. They also like salad verymuch, which is usually made of different fruits and vegetables. Americans also like tomatoes.They usually used sliced tomato in hamburger, hot dog, sandwich, bread, steak and French friesas ketchup. The characteristic of American cuisine is slightly salty with a little sweet. Fruit is widelyused in dishes. Meat is usually served on a hot iron plate with a variety of salads. They do notshow too much interest in spicy food. Popular dishes include waldorf salad, roasted wild duck withapple, American mixed steak, broiled ham with pineapple and clove and Washington cream soup.
Traditional Russian cuisine is quite different from British, American and French cuisine.Russians believe breakfast and lunch more important than dinner. For breakfast, they usuallyhave yogurt, toast, eggs with ham or sausage. For dessert, they like curd cake, pancakes withsyrup and French toast. For beverages, they like a cup of coffee or black tea. Lunch includescold dishes, soup, desserts and drinks. Dinner is very simple with only one cold dish or maincourse. Sometimes, they will have potatoes with pickled cabbage or pickled cucumber, bread,refreshments and a cup of black tea. Most Russians prefer spirits like vodka and brandy. Thecharacteristic flavor of Russian cuisine is salty, spicy, oily and a bit sweet. They like to use sourcream, milk, pickled cucumbers, white vinegar, chili, butter, fennel, black pepper seed and otherspices as well. Cooking techniques are simmer, braise, fry, roast, grill and pan-sear. TraditionalRussian dishes are butter chicken roll, borsch, Moscow red soup, Russian style cold dishes,Caucasian lamb kebab and Moscow vegetable salad.
