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It has been the dream and goal of numerous Chinese people's relentless pursuit to establish a modern state and to realize the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation since the modern times，However，Westernization Movement，the Hundred Days' Reform movement or the Revolution of 1911 has not ledChina on the path of modernization.The Communist Party of China kept a foothold of multi-ethnic realistic national conditions and attached great importance to solve domestic ethnic issues bringing the existence and liberal struggle of the ethnic minority into the overall goals of the Chinese revolution in times of danger of our country and nation.The ideas of solving the ethnic issues in China，platform and policy have been set up step by step.The Communist Party of China has taken on the important task of independence and liberation of the nation and country and full sovereignty.
The Communist Party of China has taken advantage of the state power and resources to appeal to practice the ideology，principles and policies of solving the ethnic issues after the founding of New China.Based on the reality，the Communist Party of China has combined Marxism ethnic theory with multi-ethnic condition in China to create ways to solve ethnic issues with Chinese characteristics，and it was established about the basic policy framework and institutional arrangement of solving the ethnic issues.In the meantime，there was rapid progress in political，economic，cultural and social development in the minority areas by carrying out a series of ethnic work.As the result，the ethnic groups in China were on the path of socialism gradually.This period of the national work is also known as the first“golden age”of the ethnic work of the Communist Party.Ethnic issues face with many new situations and new problems in the great process of China's economic and social rapid development now，so it's necessary for us to go back again to conduct a comprehensive and systematic carding with inventory about the theory and practice of ethnic work carried out by the Party and our country in the early years of New China and summarize seriously the experiences and lesson of ethnic work during this period，which has important meaning of inspiration and reference to do ethnic work well and solve the ethnic issues in the new period.
The book includes three parts including to introduction，text and epilogue.
The introduction part mainly introduces the research origin，literature review of related research，the definition of core concepts，basic framework and research methods，innovation and deficiency.
The text is divided intosix fronts.
The first front mainly elaborates China's construction problem of modern national state.This front discusses the dynastic decline of the country and the ethnic problems in modern China as the point of penetration of social transformation and change of the main social contradiction by carding the Westernization Movement，the Hundred Days' Reform movement，the policy in the late Qing dynasty and the Revolution of 1911 for modernization and the spread and development of modern nationalism trend of thought in China.It also probes into the China's change from dynasty country to modern national country and emphasizes that the Communist Party of China applied Marxist theory about nation and country，which is based on the multi-ethnic circumstances in China's revolution and to find gradually a suitable way to solve the problems of the modern national state under China's national conditions.As the result，the process of the system design of transformation from“national self-determination”to“regional autonomy of ethnic minorities”was finished.
The second front mainly expounds the theory and policy of the Communist Party of China to solve the problem before the founding of New China in practice and innovation so as to protect the rights of ethnic minorities in the process of the right to equality and autonomy.This front illustrates the reality of regional autonomy of ethnic minorities in New China including mainly several elements as follows：China has been a unitary multinational state created jointly by the various nationalities in the history；it was the mainstream that nations had been mutual communication and gotten along with each other friendly；the characteristics of distribution is small community but mixed in a large area as the Han nationality main body；the ethnic groups have formed a community with common destiny，etc.This front also discusses the establishment and comprehensive pushing of the system of Regional National Autonomy including rules and implementation and guarantee of interracial neighborhood ethnic groups' right from“Common Program of Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference”，“Program for the Implementation of Regional National Autonomy of the People's Republic of China”，and“The constitution of People's Republic of China”in 1954.At the same time，this front also discusses the superiority of the system of Regional National Autonomy.
The third front mainly expounds the national identification which is an important action in all the ethnic work in new China.This front points out that the national identification in the early period of new China was the political need of the party and the state to carry out the ethnic work，which was also the inherent requirement of ethnic minorities participating in the political life of the country equally.It considers the national identification was based on the flexible use of Stalin's definition of“nation”，analyzed the national characteristics comprehensively and compositely，and consulted the will of the ethnic group，through which found out the ethnic condition as a multi-ethnic country.At the same time，it analyzes the complexity and arduousness of national identification，explains the process of national identification and types，and discusses the great significance of national identification from the angle of the relationship between nation and country.
The fourth front mainly elaborates the training policies and work for the ethnic minority cadres，which provides a strong organizational guarantee for the construction of modern national state.This front analyzes the realistic consideration of training ethnic minority cadres in the early days of new China，expounds the important measures on training minority nationality cadres，and evaluated the effectiveness of training ethnic minority cadres in the early days of the People's Republic of China.
The fifth front mainly elaborates the construction of the new socialist ethnic relation.In the early days of the People's Republic of China，the party and the state launched a series of economic，cultural and social ethnic work in the ethnic minority areas according to the status of ethnic relation in our country，a new ethnic relation on political，economic，cultural was established initially and had the nature of socialism after the democratic reform and socialist transformation in minority areas.Therefore，the new socialist ethnic relation was established basically characterized by equality，unity and mutual assistance.
The sixth front discusses the historical experience and modern enlightenment of the new Chinese ethnic work from the perspective of the construction of a modern nation-state，which not only has promoted the new integration of modern China，but also enriched and developed Marxist theory，and provided a useful reference for the ethnic work in the new period.
The epilogue part recalls the attempt of the China's modern state construction since modern times，evaluates objectively to the ethnic work in the early New China，so as to handle well the ethnic work in the new period.
Keywords： Modern State Construction；National State；New China；Ethnic Work