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北京外国语大学
2013年硕士研究生入学考试试题英语翻译基础答案

一、词语翻译

第一部分

1.国际原子能机构

2.联合国儿童基金会

3.缺铁性贫血

4.夹心层——同时扶养与照顾父母和子女的一代

5.碳氢化合物

6.富营养化

7.风轮机

8.温带生态系统

9.贫化铀

10.基因组

11.纳米技术

12.边际成本

13.贴现市场

14.不发达国家

15.华而不实

第二部分

1. shale gas

2. home care for the aged

3. participate in the administration and discussion of state affairs

4. currency swap agreement

5. independent intellectual property rights

6. deposit reserve

7. exclusive economic zone

8. cultural deficit

9. photovoltaic cell

10. installed capacity

11. competitive election

12. separation of dispensing from prescription

13. the officiallings

14. underprivileged loser

15. be a bystander

二、英汉互译

1. 在爱丁堡,乔安娜·凯瑟琳·罗琳拥有一座17世纪风格的房子,房前的针叶篱笆约二十英尺(6米)高,比篱笆外的街灯还高。这不禁使人想起了《哈利波特与火焰杯》中那阴森迷宫的入口,那是罗琳的奇幻小说系列中的第四部小说改编成的电影。房子里住着罗琳和他的第二任丈夫尼尔·莫里和她的孩子们。四十七岁时,罗琳将出版她的第一部供成人阅读的小说。这部小说中的故事发生在当代英国,人们追捧Jay-Z的嘻哈音乐,沉溺于网络色情文学。但是这部书却影射出了她自己不愉快的成长经历。异常低调的罗琳虽受人追捧,却谦虚敏感。她创造了现代神话故事以及四亿五千万的图书销量。除此之外,受她影响,哈利波特迷们撰写了超过六十万字的哈利波特系列小说,并正以至少一周一千个的速度增长。但所有这些都并未让她有舒畅之感。

2. 中国在第十二个五年计划中提出的应对天气变化的计划令世人瞩目。随着中国逐渐成为全球风能和太阳能的领跑者,中国也加快了低碳经济的发展脚步。“中国一打喷嚏,世界都会感冒”

的旧说法也完全变成“中国决心领跑世界时,其他国家都会如法炮制”。

联合国气候变化框架公约中的国际气候协商是中国通过加大低碳经济发展力度的方式来参与塑造全球发展模式的重要渠道,因此多哈气候大会至关重要。欧洲是中国太阳能产品的最大销售市场。欧洲各国不断召开会议,讨论如何治理气候变化,这体现了他们在这方面的决心。这理应会为中国产品带来更大的市场,但是建立全球气候体制进程的不确定性延迟了中国大展拳脚的时机。尽管要解决全球气候危机,需要的不仅是一个泼洒豪言壮语的多哈大会,各国需要共同努力,到2015年达成全面协议。中国在否定重启德班协定中起到至关重要的作用,这有利于减小中国的气候风险,并且保持发展低碳经济的动力。无论在政治还是经济上,中国在低碳经济上都有很大的投入。

3. On November 25 th , reports about the home-made J-15 carrier-borne fighter which succeed in taking off from and landing on “Liaoning” aircraft carrier almost sweep all the front-page news. “Success”,“significance” and “speed” become the three most popular words in the media. It is the first time for the Chinese carrier-borne fighters to take off from and land on an aircraft carrier. Therefore, there is no doubt that it’s a “successful” event which is worthy of celebrating. Besides, this successful event means more than that. It marks the transformation of China’s aircraft carrier from a large ship into a real maritime mobile airport. In terms of the technique, it is also a big step for China’s aircraft carrier on the road of achieving/updating the combating power. When it comes to “speed”, even though “Liaoning” began to serve in the Navy only two months ago, it achieved such remarkable result completed the designed tasks on its second voyage, which is amazing. The success should be attributed to both the efficient management of this large project and the unyielding spirit of numerous Chinese aviation researchers and PLA soldiers. Thanks to this spirit, the “Chinese speed” is realized.

4. What does the Chinese word “Dao” mean? It refers to the road which was first formed by the riverside where the primitives in the old days, with naked and wet feet, went for drinking or fetching water back home everyday. In this way, a line of trace, as shiny as knives, was stamped out on the mud ground. The primitives called the trace “knife”, which sounded like the “Dao” in Chinese. In Jiaguwen (which refers to the inscriptions on bones and is one of the most ancient written languages in the world), the word “road” was originally engraved in the same configuration of “knife”. It makes sense for human beings, throughout the ages, have been facing many dilemmas and allurements,rendering them to walk as if on the edge of a knife. “Dao” also presents the people who walk on it. It is them who give birth to the road; therefore, no sooner had we spotted the road than we knew there were people living here. Besides, “Dao” can be described as the way we walk. There are many types of roads in the world: the hub which leads to different roads and the forked roads, the road is smooth and straight and thus, in most cases, we have to walk according to its trail. But we still should try our best to find the shortest way. In addition, “Dao” expresses the meaning of “arrival”. Each road has a starting point and an end no matter which one we take. The people who walk by following“Dao” exists in the world, which leads to one’s inner world/can only be found when one ponders on themselves. 4r3Fkrs1E186OEXhPO7od0AoDcWUAvcKJfXkq7yuw2G/YorZtDq70qNOWnMRe7fo

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