Short Forms

abbrev. =abbreviation

adj. =adjective

adv. =adverb

AmE= American English

&=and

BrE= British English

cf. =（ Lat. ） confer

conj. =conjunction

derog. =derogatory

E=east，eastern

esp.=especially

etc.=（ Lat. ） et cetera ; and so on

fml =formal

Fr. =French

i.e. =（ Lat. ） id est ; that is to say

infml =informal

intro=introduction

L=Lesson

Lat. =Latin

n. =noun

N=north，northern

NE＝northeast，northeastern

neg. =negative

p =participle

P.=page

Par.=paragraph

pl. =plural

pop.=population

pp =past participle

pref. =prefix

prep. =preposition

pres.p. =present participle

pron. =pronoun

pt =past tense

S=south，southern

sb=somebody

SE=southeast，southeastern

sing. =singular

sl. =slang

sth=something

suf. =suffix

usu.=usually

v. =verb

W=west，western xJmMh6B6bhTEYb+kjgC5GHbDeTWsrJu5ezpvrDklTjhta0hLNjFLOg1OHIk8JnUV