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第二节

好的开始是成功的一半。如何预测?

如果你是刚刚接触到四级,你会发现四级跟高考最大的区别就是没有题目内容,从考卷上我们只能浏览到题干。因此,很多考生按照高考时浏览题目的速度来浏览甚至是背记听力考试时每个A,B,C,D题干,往往得到的是听力过程中惨不忍睹的下场……

首先我们做一个自测,在考场上或者是真题自测的过程中是否有如下情况?A.听力预测时间永远不够,特别是长对话和短文,听力做到后面不知所措,心跳加速,头昏眼花;B.就算有神级预测速度,刚刚浏览过的题干也完全不记得具体预测内容。

很多考生在预测题干的时候每个选项看得非常仔细,恨不得把每个选项都背记下来,更加令人发指的是有不少考生喜欢在预测过程中把看到的题干逐字逐句翻译成中文……,所以预测过程不仅非常慢,而且真正在做题的时候,会很悲催地发现就在几分钟前预测的内容又全忘了!这里需要我们勇敢地接受一个现实:大多数考生在作预测的时候,即使看得再仔细,如果没有超人的短期记忆力,是不可能记住所有题干内容的。其实,我们在预测阶段要做的事情很简单:

2.1 标出关键词

首先,怎么确定一个题干中的关键词?态度词比较容易发现,因此我们先在题干中寻找是否有否定态度词(比如:not, don't, can't, never, few, hardly, seldom)。第二步,找出主题。考虑到不少考生有不同程度的“选择性综合征”,我们来一个简单直接的方式:首先选择专有名词(大写)和数词,如果没有专有名词,我们就标记带冠词(a, an, the)的名词。在以上词都没有的情况下,我们就直接标记出各个选项后部分的意群(词组)。如果按照以上方法预测,每个题目就可以很轻松地控制在5秒钟以内。最后重复一遍:切忌把题干从头到尾浏览,切忌预测过程中默默翻译成中文!预测目标是标记出关键意群,听力过程中由关键词缩小答案范围,选出1~2个潜在正确答案,然后再审核潜在正确答案的细节是否完全符合所听内容。

2.2 标出观点态度

在四六级听力考试中,主人公的态度是考查的重点,并且观点非常鲜明。为了避免掉进选项中利用否定词或者态度观点词的陷阱,我们最先需要注意的是确定选项的主要态度,并在具有积极、肯定或消极、否定观点的选项上做出标记。

典型例题 (2010.6/11题)

A)He has proved to be a better reader than the woman.

B)He has difficulty understanding the book.

C)He cannot get access to the assigned book.

D)He cannot finish his assignment before the deadline.

【预测两步走】

【确定态度】 看到A选项中的a better reader,很明显这是个积极的信息,那么在题干后面标记“√”;B选项中马上定位difficulty;C、D选项同时出现明显否定词cannot,所以B、C、D选项后面分别打“×”。当三个选项都是否定态度,只有一个选项是肯定态度的时候,我们就可以根据题干所表现的态度进一步缩小正确答案的范围,在B、C、D中寻找潜在的正确答案。

【确定主题】 主题词的确定建议从题干的后半部分的意群找起,我们迅速看到reader/book/assignment/deadline,确定这说的是校园书籍类相关的场景,如果足够敏感的话,也会联想到应该是“校园图书馆”场景。

预测笔记展示:

A)He has proved to be a better reader than the woman .

B)He has difficulty understanding the book .

C)He cannot g et access to the assigned book .

D)He canno t finish his assignment before the deadline .

2.3 通过选项预测提干

(1)当选项是“主语+could/can/need/want”时,题干考查主人公做某事的原因。此时应留意对话中涉及原因的词语,如:because, so, reason, why等。

典型例题 (2010.12/23题)

A)She could improve her foreign languages.

B)She could work close to her family.

C)She could travel overseas frequently.

D)She could use her previous experiences.

Q: Why did the woman find the job appealing?

【预测分析】

主语为she,且四个选项都为she+could的形式,因此要留意对话中出现的女士做某事的具体目的或原因。

(2)当选项以动词原形开头时,题干多考查建议或将要做某事,因此要留意表示原因、建议或将来时态的句型。

典型例题 (2010.12/25题)

A)Prepare for an interview in a couple of days.

B)Read the advertisement again for more details.

C)Send in a written application as soon as possible.

D)Get to know the candidates on the short list.

Q: What was the woman asked to do in the end?

(3)当选项以动词不定式开头时,题干多考查将要做某事或做某事的具体目的,因此要留意表示目的或原因的考点信号词。

典型例题 (2010.12/30题)

A)To satisfy the needs of their family.

B)To fully realize their potential.

C)To make money for early retirement.

D)To gain a sense of their personal worth.

Q: Why do some people pursue higher paying and demanding careers?

(4)相似、相反选项容易出答案。

典型例题 (2008.12/11题)

A)Only true friendship can last long.

B)Letter writing is going out of style.

C)She keeps in regular touch with her classmates.

D)She has lost contact with most of her old friends.

【预测分析】

只看选项,C和D选项意思相反,“她与同学们保持着有规律的联系/她同她大部分老朋友都失去了联系”,可以推测正确答案更有可能在C、D选项中出现,因为出题者更倾向于设置同正确答案意思相反或者相近的错误选项。

2.4 预测找相同

现在你花一分钟时间想想在做新闻短篇、长对话和短文题的时候最害怕出现的情况?我想最让人揪心的不是听不懂,而是自认为题目答案还只能放到第1题的时候,这篇长对话(短文)已经放完了。的确,这种“开始了吗?已经结束了。”的状态足以让人疯狂。

为了避免考生出现这种状态,我们在作长对话和短文预测的时候需要多做一件事情,那就是“找相同”。这个“相同”是指一道题题干中A、B、C、D选项之间独一无二的相同,而与整篇文章其他题选项的不同点。这样做的目的是用每个题目的“相同”点,来确保在听的过程中不会错过答案,知道听力文章对应到哪个题目,以达到定位的目的。

大家先尝试自己进行预测分析,问自己这样一个问题:“当对话中谈论到什么内容时,我可以断定是该题的考点出处?”

典型例题 (2007.6/19~22题)

1.A)The hotel clerk had put his reservation under another name.

B)The hotel clerk insisted that he didn't make any reservation.

C)The hotel clerk tried to take advantage of his inexperience.

D)The hotel clerk couldn't find his reservation for that night.

2.A)A grand wedding was being held in the hotel.

B)There was a conference going on in the city.

C)The hotel was undergoing major repairs.

D)It was a busy season for holiday-makers.

3.A)It was free of charge on weekends.

B)It had a 15% discount on weekdays.

C)It was offered to frequent guests only.

D)It was 10% cheaper than in other hotels.

4.A)Demand compensation from the hotel.

B)Ask for an additional discount.

C)Complain to the hotel manager.

D)Find a cheaper room in another hotel.

【预测分析】

1.四个选项均出现了hotel clerk,且有B、D 选项出现了否定词didn't/could't,因此注意长对话开头同hotel clerk相关的具有否定意义的具体细节。

2.标记出四个选项出现的带冠词的名词a grand wedding/a conference/the hotel/a busy season,留意对话中提及的相关信息。

3.四个选项均出现了数字,且同费用、价格相关。当对话中出现与价格相关的数字信息时,就可以马上定位到此题。

4.四个选项均为动词原形开头,动词原形多考查建议或者将要做某事,因此要留意对话结尾出现的相关信息。 CSPOEHEy14xsyuQHhkTTqIz4u8zJQ2Xd59Y9FxLBHl2HyZs+fh+99XDai6GAD5B6

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