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4.1 抓讲座/讲话结构，斩杀主旨题
所有的讲座/讲话都有一个核心主题，也就是说话人噼里啪啦提出各种观点，举出各种例子后想要证明、阐述或者“安利”大家的核心主旨。不仅仅是六级听力的讲座/讲话题，专四、专八到托福口语听力里面所有的类似题型的必考题目之一就是文章主旨（讲座主题）。所以，把主旨题分析透彻了，十个题至少可以先拿下三个。只要熟悉嘉宾、教授们的讲座/讲话套路，就能够帮助我们很好地解决问题。
4.2 考点答案重复重复再重复
有一种情况的主旨会用 时代背景、例子、上节课内容 等方法引出。且一般安插在篇幅较长的描述中，大家听到类似开头 不要马上做笔记，不要马上选答案 ，更 不要慌张 ，先往后听几句，等自己思路跟上后再进行记录。原因很简单，既然为主旨，那么全文一定会 不断地、反复地、多角度地、多例子地 去论证同一个核心。所以此刻最重要的，不是逮到信息就记下，不是选项中出现的任何听力原文就是答案，一定要跳出细节，从全局上把握和确认，自己选择出来的主旨，是否在全文中，至少有 2处以上的线索与之呼应、与之重复。
例1 （大学英语六级考试听力样题Q17）
“Thank you for that introduction. Today, I'd like to preface my remarks with a story from my own life （典型的主旨信号句型）which I feel highlights the common concerns that bring us here together. Several years ago…when my grandparents were well into their eighties, they were faced with the reality of no longer being able to adequately care for themselves （注意：出题者利用这句话制造了强干扰选项，“老人不能够独立照顾自己” 此处不是主旨，因为后文中没有任何观点和信息去支持和论证此处）. My grandfather spoke of his greatest fear, that of leaving theonly home they had known for the past 60 years （正确答案，后面用大量细节描述证明爷爷离开自己住了 60 年的房子是多么痛苦）. Fighting back the tears, he spoke proudly of the fact that he had built their home （支持线索1）from the ground up, and that he had pounded every nail and laid every brick in the process. The prospect of having to sell their home （支持线索2）and give up their independence, and move into a retirement home （支持线索3）was an extremely painful experience （支持线索4）for them. It was, in my grandfather's own words, like having a limb cut off. He exclaimed in a forceful manner that he felt he wasn't important anymore.
Q．What is the greatest fear of Dr. Miller's grandfather?
A）The loss of the ability to take care of himself.
B）The feeling of not being important any more.
C）Being unable to find a good retirement home.
D）Leaving the home he had lived in for 60 years. （正确答案）
例2 （大学英语六级考试听力样题Q23）
“I'd like to look at a vital aspect of e-commerce, and that is the nature of the product or service. There are certain products and services that are very suitable for selling online, and others that simply don't work.
Suitable products generally have a high value-to-weight ratio （正确答案，后面用大量细节描述证明了“价值重量比高的产品更容易让网店成功”）. Items such as （主旨信号词）CDs and DVDs are obvious examples （支持线索1）. Books, although heavier and so more expensive to post, still have a high enough value-to-weight ratio （支持线索2）, as the success of Amazon, which started off selling only books, shows. Laptop computers are another good product for selling online.
Digital products, such as （支持线索3）software, films and music, can be sold in a purely virtual environment. The goods are paid for by online transactions, and then downloaded onto the buyer's computer. There are no postage or delivery costs （支持线索4）, so prices can be kept low.
Q．What is important to the success of an online store?
A）The guaranteed quality of its goods.
B）The huge volume of its annual sales.
C）The service it provides to its customers.
D）The high value-to-weight ratio of its goods. （正确答案）
4.3 分论点/新信息多出题
除了篇章主旨成为讲座/讲话题的核心考点之外，分论点也通常成为考官的出题“心头好”。分论点考点的最大特征有两个：第一、 新信息出现 ；第二、 例子紧跟其后。 所以，此类题型 听结构 的秘诀也就在此。简单来说，当一个观点阐述完后，演讲者开启了一个前文完全没有提及的新话题或者与前文相关的分论点，并紧接着举例阐述，很明显，此处答案出没！
例3 （大学英语六级考试听力样题Q18）
“…He exclaimed in a forceful manner that he felt he wasn't important anymore （前文例子阐述结束）。
For them and some older Americans, their so-called “golden years” （出现新信息，提高警惕）are at times not so pleasant, for this period can mean the decline of not only one's healthbut the loss of identity and self-worth （. 新信息的相关解释，此处成为分论点考点）In many societies, this self-identity is…（紧跟分论点例子）
Q．What does Dr. Miller say the “golden years” can often mean?
A）The loss of identity and self-worth. （正确答案）
B）Fear of being replaced or discarded.
C）Freedom from pressure and worldly cares.
D）The possession of wealth and high respect.
4.4 速记，你值得拥有
我即使在六级听力课堂上都会教大家速记的方法，因为，确实能够很好地提升做题效率。
其实笔记并不是听力的目的，把题目做出来才是终极目的；所以笔记只为做题服务。那么做速记是否能够服务于六级听力呢？可以。原因有二：
首先， 防止走神。 由于六级讲座/讲话听力篇幅较长，且作为最后一部分，位于大家听力注意力的极限处。所以，考场上将会有大量考生出现脑缺氧、反应迟缓、走神儿等症状。而六级听力的讲座/讲话部分，要求学生利用瞬时记忆和理解能力进行答题，考生容易出现注意力不能长时间集中的问题，或者一有生词、偏词出现，注意力就会被这些词带跑而错过更加重要的内容。而速记法可以解决专注力的问题，即使有个别单词没反应过来，速记也会将注意力重新拉回听力本身！
其次， 预测考点、提升难题正确率。 未经训练时，记笔记常常会听到什么记什么，而且会强迫性地记下所有单词。而一旦经过训练，就会有意识地关注 例子和表示逻辑关系或者信号词提示的地方 ，在速记时往往不是以句子为单位分层记录，而是以篇章中的各个 小意群为单位 记录。这种按照 逻辑、结构记录要点的方法 ，有助于提升细节题、主旨题和需要联系上下文的推理题的准确度。
4.5 所听即所选/同义替换依然是核心
因为篇幅加长和新题型的原因，这次官方给出的六级听力样题中的讲座类真题基本为所听即所选，难度也不大。但是，随着考生对题型的熟悉，同义替换的做题方式依旧会是答题的核心。
例4 （大学英语六级考试听力样题Q22）
“Ruel says in the 1980s Thailand was able to reduce child undernourishment by recruiting a large number of volunteers to travel the countryside teaching about health and nutrition.”
Q．What did Thailand do to reduce child undernourishment in the 1980s?
A）Appropriated funds to promote research of nutrient-rich foods.
B）Encouraged breastfeeding for the first six months of a child's life.
C）Recruited volunteers to teach rural people about health and nutrition. （正确答案）
D）Targeted hunger-relief programs at pregnant women and young children.
解析 ：
选项同原文基本一致，仅仅是countryside与rural进行了同义替换。
例5 （大学英语六级考试听力样题Q19）
“This has to do with changing our perspectives on what it means to be a part of this group, and finding meaningful roles the elderly can play and should play in our societies.”
Q．What is the focus of Dr. Miller's speech?
A）The urgency of pension reform.
B）Medical care for senior citizens.
C）Finding meaningful roles for the elderly in society. （正确答案）
D）The development of public facilities for senior citizens.
解析 ：
选项同原文基本一致，属于所听即所选，因此该题考查信息的捕捉和把握。
4.6 逻辑词，与考点永相随
逻辑是连接一篇文章的筋骨脉络，每一篇讲座都有着严谨的文章层次和逻辑关系。句子之间常见的逻辑关系有 转折、对比、因果、顺承、举例 等。逻辑是通过逻辑词和逻辑短语来体现的。一旦出现逻辑词，就很可能跟出考点，所以听清逻辑词，并迅速记录下来，能够使文章内部的关系和顺序一目了然。如果我们在听的过程中， 根据逻辑词，把读到的类似选项标记出来作为备选答案 ，那么在播放问题的时候，我们就可以检查自己预测的答案是否与问题吻合了。
因此一篇听力其中涉及的“逻辑结构词”是把握文章脉络和核心的重中之重。所以通过 反复大声朗读考点标志词 ，加强对它们的敏感度，能够让我们在听的过程中轻松 “感知” 答案出题处。因此在听力中，特别是讲座/讲话题型的听力中，听到以下标志词，我们要高度重视，并且集中注意力听清楚标志词前后的句子。
（1） 转折对比类标志词 ：but/yet/while/actually/however/nevertheless…
（2） 因果关系类标志词 ：because/so/reason/why/since/due to…
（3） 最高级强调类标志词 ：best/the most/first/only/more/-er/-est…
（4） 时间类标志词 ：after/then/next/will/later/going to/plan to…