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结语

本文考察了中古时代波斯、阿拉伯文献中常见的一种中国舶来品——中国石(或中国铁)。通过对文献的梳理、前人研究的辨析和实物资料的利用,厘清了这个名词的基本含义和名实变化的过程。中国石、中国铁原指中国生产的铸铁,但亦被宽泛地用来指称中国出产的各种铜铁制品。

铸铁加工是古代中国的独创技术。这项技术虽然传播至其他国家和地区,但在整个古代,中国都保持着这项技术的世界领先地位。中国生产的铸铁和铸铁制成品被大量出口海外,成为世界贸易中长期的畅销货。与丝绸、瓷器等艺术品、奢侈品不同,铸铁制成的刀剑、锅鼎、镜镊、门窗等武器、日用品和建筑材料,对普通大众的社会生活产生了更为广泛的影响。

“khārchīnī / āhan-i Chīnī” and its spread westward from China

Chen Chunxiao

Abstract: One kind of metal that Muslims call khārchīnī(pers.)/ khārṣīnī(arab.)or āhan-i Chīnī(pers.)/ ḥadīd al-Ṣīn(arab.)is frequently recorded in medieval Persian and Arabic literature. The metal comes from China and is transported westward to the Islamic World. Based on the concerning sources,this article finds out these proper names originally stand for China's cast iron,and afterwards refer to all kinds of iron and bronze wares from China loosely.

Chinese literature and shipwrecks findings prove the flourishing bronze and iron trade between China and other countries in medieval times. Especially China's cast iron technology leads the world for more than a thousand years and Iran had been importing cast iron from China in quantity. Weapons,building materials and daily necessities made from China's cast iron enjoy a high reputation in Iran and the Islamic world.

Keywords: khārchīnī/ khārṣīnī;āhan-i Chīnī/ ḥadīd al-Ṣīn;China's Cast iron;Maritime Trade;Sino-Iranian Exchange

(执行编辑:杨芹)


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