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2016年1月，云南大学旅游文化学院申请立项的云南省高等学校大学外语教改项目———
“‘大学英语’突出应用特色”教学改革，目前已完成建设并结题，项目成果为《应用型大学特色英语系列读本》（共6册，以下简称《系列读本》）。参编人员全部为云南大学旅游文化学院的一线英语教师，曹京华教授应邀担任总主编。
把英语学习与专业学习结合起来，使学生的英语知识和语言运用能力为专业学习服务，是我们编写这套教辅读本的基本理念。《系列读本》根据学院的专业设置分为《财务管理与会计英语读本》《经济与贸易英语读本》《旅游英语读本》《酒店英语读本》《文学与新闻英语读本》及《信息技术英语读本》。本教辅用书经过总主编与编者团队两年多时间的反复修改，出版后对于下一步全面进行应用型大学英语教学有重要的参考和应用价值。
《文学与新闻英语读本》是《系列读本》之一，适合于文学与新闻专业的学生。本书精选与文学和新闻专业相关的16篇英语文章，内容涉及新闻、电影、电视、报纸等现代媒体方面的知识，以及经典希腊神话、蕴涵人生哲理的经典文学作品等。共收入约400个相关英语词汇及80余条文学与新闻方向核心术语。本书在内容上取材新颖，通俗易懂，难易程度适合于文学与新闻专业的学生。本书不仅把语言学习与专业知识相结合，还配置了内容上相关、形式上简易的问题和练习题，让学生有效地学以致用。
本书设计为每周一课，每课的结构如下：
1.Reading Guidance（导读）：是对本课课文的简要介绍，起到导入的作用。
2.Text（课文）：为选材新颖、通俗易懂的文章。
3.Notes（注释）：是针对文中重要信息点的解释与说明。
4.Words and Expressions（生词与词组）：文章的语言要点，包括单词、词组及其用法，尤其是对某些单词和词组在本单元以及在该学科里的特殊意义，均给出中英文释义以及例句。
5.课后练习：练习设计为紧贴篇章语言要点的三个部分。第一部分是针对课文内容的理解性问题，可加深学生对课文的理解、锻炼学生的思辨能力；第二部分是词汇训练，加强学生在具体的语言环境里应用相关语言要点的能力；第三部分是翻译训练，从篇章中选取重点句子，训练学生的翻译能力。
本书的课文设计适于每周两学时上一课，小班教学。教学方法可以多种多样，如以任务为中心（task-centered），以文本为基础（context-based），以内容为依托（content-based），注意语境（context-based），将传统教学与现代技术相结合（technologyaided），突出技能（skill-based），强调自主（autonomous learning）等。
本书的编者来自教学第一线的英语教师，主编王晓梅，副主编曲帅，参加编写的还有姜理东、袁洪丽、李维佳、李雪、张朦、曹翠霞、安立冰、沈萍、直安丽9位老师。作为“云南省高等学校大学外语教学改革青年项目”的成果之一，本书的编写与出版得到云南省教育厅、云南大学旅游文化学院的指导与资助，在此表示衷心感谢。
由于本书涉猎的专业性较强，编者水平有限，疏漏之处在所难免，敬请专家和读者给予批评指正。
编 者
2018年6月于云南大学旅游文化学院
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Reading Guidance
“A good newspaper，I suppose，is a nation talking to itself，” mused Arthur Miller2 in 1961.At their best，newspapers hold governments and companies to account.They usually set the news agenda for the rest of the media.But in the rich world newspapers are now an endangered species.The most useful bit ofthe media is disappearing.
Of all the“old”media，newspapers have the most to lose from the Internet.Circulation has been falling in America，Western Europe，Latin America，Australia and New Zealand for decades（elsewhere，sales are rising）.But in the past few years the web has hastened the decline.In his book The Vanishing Newspaper，Philip Meyer calculates that the first quarter of2043 will be the moment when newsprint dies in America as the last exhausted reader tosses aside the last crumpled edition.That sort of extrapolation would have produced a harrumph from a Beaverbrook3 or a Hearst 4 ，but even the most cynical news baron could not dismiss the way that ever more young people are getting their news online.
Advertising is following readers out of the door.The rush is almost unseemly，largely because the Internet is aseductive medium that supposedly matches buyers with sellers and proves to advertisers that their money is well spent.Classified ads，in particular，are quickly shifting online.
Newspapers have not yet started to shut down in large numbers，but it is only a matter of time.Over the next few decades half the rich world's general papers may fold.Jobs are already disappearing.
Having ignored reality for years，newspapers are at last doing something.In order to cut costs，they are already spending less on journalism.Many are also trying to attract younger readers by shifting the mix of their stories towards entertainment，lifestyle and subjects that may seem more relevant to people's daily lives than international affairs and politics are.They are trying to create new businesses on-line and off-line.And they are investing in free daily papers，which do not use up any of their meagre editorial resources on uncovering political corruption or corporate fraud.So far，this fit of activity looks unlikely to save many of them.Even if it does，it bodes ill for the public role of the Fourth Estate 5 .
In future，as newspapers fade and change，will politicians therefore burgle their opponents'offices with impunity，and corporate villains whoop as they trample over their victims？Journalism schools and think-tanks，especially in America，are worried about the effect of a crumbling Fourth Estate.Are today's news organizations“up to the task of sustaining the informed citizenry on which democracy depends？”asked a recent report about newspapers from the Carnegie Corporation of New York，a charitable research foundation.
Nobody should relish the demise of once-great titles.But the decline of newspapers will not be as harmful to society as some fear.Democracy，remember，has already survived the huge televisionled decline in circulation since the 1950s.It has survived as readers have shunned papers and papers have shunned what was in stuffier times thought of as serious news.And it will surely survive the decline to come.
The usefulness of the press goes much wider than investigating abuses or even spreading general news；it lies in holding governments to account—trying them in the court of public opinion.The Internet has expanded this court.Anyone looking for information has never been better equipped.People no longer have to trust a handful of national papers or，worse，their local city paper.News-aggregation sites such as Google News draw together sources from around the world.The website of Britain's Guardian now has nearly half as many readers in America as it does at home.
In addition，a new force of“citizen”journalists and bloggers isitching to hold politicians to account.The web has opened the closed world of professional editors and reporters to anyone with a keyboard and an Internet connection.Several companies have been chastened by amateur postings—offlames erupting from Dell's laptops or of cable-TV repairmen asleep on the sofa.Each blogger is capable of bias and slander，but，taken as a group，bloggers offer the searcher-after-truth boundless material to chew over.Of course，the Internet panders to closed minds；but so has much of the press.
In future，argues Carnegie 6 ，some high-quality journalism will also be backed by non-profit organizations.An elite group of serious newspapers available everywhere online，independent journalism backed by charities，thousands of fired-up bloggers and well-informed citizen journalists：there is every sign that Arthur Miller's national conversation will be louder than ever.
1.This text is taken from The Economist.
2.Arthur Asher Miller（1915－2005）was a prolific American playwright，essayist，and prominent figure in twentieth-century American theatre.Among his most popular plays are All My Sons（1947），Death ofa Salesman（1949），The Crucible（1953）and A Viewfrom the Bridge（1955，revised 1956）.During his time，he was awarded the Pulitzer Prize for Drama.
3.Beaverbrook：British newspaper publisher and politician（born in Canada）；confidant of Winston Churchill（1879－1964）.
4.Hearst：United States newspaper publisher whose introduction of large headlines and sensational reporting changed American journalism（1863－1951）.
5.the Fourth Estate：第四等级，又称第四阶级，第四权力。（新闻界的别称）
6.Dale Carnegie（1888－1955）was an American writer and lecturer and the developer of famous courses in self-improvement，salesmanship，corporate training，public speaking，and interpersonal skills.He was the author of How to Win Friends and Influence People（1936），a bestseller that remains popular today.
1.circulation［sɜːkjəˈleiʃn］n.the dissemination of copies of periodicals（as newspapers or magazines）；movement through a circuit；especially the movement of blood through the heart and blood vessels；number of copies of a newspaper or magazine that are sold流通，传播；循环；发行：The Daily News once had the highest circulation of any daily in the country.《每日新闻报》的发行量曾位居全国所有日报之首。
2.toss aside：throw away扔弃；搁置不管：His promotion to an executive manager made him toss aside all his care.他提升为行政经理后，把所有的顾虑都抛开了。
3.crumple［ˈkrʌmpl］v.become wrinkled or crumpled or creased；fold or collapse弄皱；起皱；倒坍：Crumple a few sheets into balls and place them in with piles of kindling.将报纸弄皱攒成球状，把它们和劈柴放在一起。
4.extrapolation［ekˌstræpəˈleiʃən］n.an inference about the future（or about some hypothetical situation）based on known facts and observations推断，推知，推测：Nobody really knows how to make that extrapolation.没有人真正知道如何推算。
5.harrumph［həˈrʌmf］n.groaning哼声；鼻息：The response of government officials on nearby Jersey can best be summarized as“harrumph”.对于邻近的泽西岛官员的反映，最佳的总结是“嗤之以鼻”。
6.baron［ˈbærən］n.a nobleman of varying rank；a very wealthy or powerful businessman；a British peer of the lowest rank大亨；巨头；男爵：The currency exchange is run by a heroin baron.现金兑换由海洛因大亨经营。
7.seductive［siˈdʌktiv］adj.tending to entice into a desired action or state有魅力的；性感的；引人注意的：There was a very seductive singer who lured every men and even kissed Lucius Malfoy！那儿有一位非常性感的歌手，她不但引起了在场所有的男人的注意，甚至还吻了卢修斯·马尔福！
8.meagre［ˈmiːɡə］adj.deficient in amount or quality or extent贫乏的；贫弱的；瘦的：The rations that they gave us were meagre and inadequate.他们给我们的配给量很少，是不够的。
9.editorial［ˈediˈtɔːriəl］adj.relating to or characteristic of an editor；of or relating to an article stating opinions or giving perspectives编辑的；社论的；n.an article giving opinions or perspectives社论：Examine not only demographics and geographic areas，but also programming or editorial style.不仅要审查人口和地理区域，而且要考虑设计或编辑风格。
10.corruption［kəˈrʌpʃn］n.use of a position of trust for dishonest gain；in a state of progressive putrefaction贪污，腐败；堕落：The people all over the country were repulsed by the political corruption.全国人民对这种政治上的腐败现象都极为反感。
11.fraud［frɔːd］n.intentional deception resulting in injury to another person；a person who makes deceitful pretenses；deliberate trickery intended to gain an advantage欺骗；骗子；诡计：So what should you do if you think you have been a victim of fraud？那么，如果你认为自己已经成了欺诈的受害者，你该做什么？
12.bode［bəʊd］v.indicate by signs预示；为……的兆头：These reasons have nothing to do with the man you're marrying，and they bode for an unhappy future，a future where you'll be only half alive.这些原因都和你要嫁的那个男人毫无关系，而且它们预示的是一个快乐打折、鲜活减半的未来。
13.burgle［ˈbɜːɡl］v.commit a burglary；enter and rob a dwelling偷窃；破门盗窃：If someone tries to burgle your laptop，he or she will have to enter a password.如果有人试图偷窃你的笔记本电脑，他或她必须输入一个密码。
14.impunity［impunity］n.exemption from punishment or loss不受惩罚；无患：There needs to be an absolute end to an era of impunity for political assassinations in Lebanon.在黎巴嫩进行政治刺杀而可以不受惩罚的时代必须结束。
15.villain［ˈvilən］n.a wicked or evil person；the principle bad character in a film or work of fiction坏人，恶棍；戏剧、小说中的反面角色：I left the room，feeling like a villain and a murderer.我离开了房间，感觉像一个恶棍和一个杀人犯。
16.whoop［hwuːp;hwʊp］v.shout，as if with joy or enthusiasm；cough spasmodically叫喊；喘息：She whoops with delight at a promise of money.她一听到答应给她钱就兴高采烈地欢呼起来。
17.trample［ˈtræmpl］v.tread or stomp heavily or roughly；deliberately ignore践踏；踩坏；无视：They don't want people trampling the grass，pitching tents or building fires.他们不希望人们踩踏草坪、支帐篷或生火。
18.think-tank：a group of experts who are gathered together by an organization，especially by a government，to consider various problems and try and work out ways to solve them（尤指政府的）智囊团；智库：The persons interviewed were think-tank experts，officials，businessmen and women，journalists，cultural and religious leaders.这些受访的人包括智囊团专家、政府官员、商人、新闻从业者、文化领袖和宗教领袖。
19.citizenry［ˈsitizənri］n.the body of citizens of a state or country市民；公民：Constitutions are not always fully understood or effectively used by the citizenry，he added.他说，公民有时不能完全读懂宪法，也不能有效地运用宪法。
20.relish［rɪˈleɪʃn］v.derive or receive pleasure from；get enjoyment from；take pleasure in享受；品味；喜爱：I relish the challenge of doingjobs that others turn down.我喜欢挑战别人拒绝做的工作。
21.demise［diˈmaiz］n.the time when something ends死亡；终止：He was captured and executed shortly after her demise.在她死亡之后不久，他被抓获并被处死了。
22.shun［[ʃʌn］v.avoid and stay away from deliberately；stay clear of避开，避免；回避：And in their fear of seeking and remembering they shun all pleasures，lest they neglect the spirit or offend against it.他们在对追求和回忆的恐惧中躲避所有的享乐，生怕自己疏远或冒犯了灵魂。
23.stuffier［ˈstʌfiːə］adj.excessively conventional and unimaginative and hence dull；lacking fresh air古板的；不通气的；闷热的（stuffy的比较级）：Comparing with the 1920s，in the 1930s the social conditions in China were darker and more confused and the cultural atmosphere was more strained and stuffier.同19世纪20年代相比，19世纪30年代中国社会更加黑暗、混乱，文化氛围也更加紧张、窒闷。
24.aggregation［ˌæɡriˈɡeiʃn］n.the act of gathering something together聚合；聚集：An aggregation of fragments is the only kind of whole we now have.这种碎片的集合体是我们现有的唯一完整无缺的方式。
25.itch to：be eager to do sth.恨不得；渴望做某事：What you've said makes me itch to have a go.你的话使我跃跃欲试。
26.chasten［ˈtʃeisn］v.censure severely；restrain or temper惩罚；磨炼；抑制：We need to place the blame where it belongs，to chasten our policy elites.我们需要将责任归咎于它应该属于的地方，以此来惩罚我们的政策精英们。
27.amateur［ˈæmətə］adj.engaged in as a pastime；lacking professional skill or expertise业余的；外行的：A fellow journalist once told me that if you are not writing every day，then you are an amateur.一个同行的记者曾经告诉我，如果你不每天写写，那么你是一个业余爱好者。
28.bias［ˈbaiəs］n.a partiality that prevents objective consideration of an issue or situation；a line or cut across a fabric that is not at right angles to a side of the fabric偏见；偏爱；斜纹：We worry about bias in all walks oflife，from the lab to the legislature.不论是实验室还是立法机构，我们都担心偏见的存在。
29.slander［ˈslɑːndə,ˈslæn-］n.words falsely spoken that damage the reputation of another诽谤；中伤：He accused me of slandering him and trying to undermine his position.他控告我诽谤他试图削弱他的地位。
30.pander to cater for；play up to迎合；取悦：He was forced to pander to her every whim.他被迫迎合她的每一个奇思妙想。
31.fired-up［ˈfaiədʌp］adj.enthusiastic热心的；热情的：The weather was bad on 2／10，it was drizzling and was slightly winding.Even so，it could not stop our fired-up hearts.2月10日，天公不作美，寒风细雨，但浇不熄也吹不去大家一颗火热的心。
Answer the questions based upon text comprehension.
（1）According to Philip Meyer，when will be the end of newspaper in America？
（2）What does Rupert Murdoch mean when he says“Sometimes rivers dry up”？
3）What measures have been taken to save the newspaper？Are they doing any good？
4）Which kind of newspaper do you think is most likely to be knocked out？Why？
5）What are the functions of the newspaper nowadays？
Fill in the gaps with words or phrases given in the table.
（1）The newspaper exposes _________in high-rank government officials without being tamed by their arbitrariness.
（2）Between the business side and the_________ side，that firewall has been breaking down for years.
（3）In 1956 she became known all over the_________ world after starring in the thriller And God Created Woman.
（4）The first idea to_________ is that safety is defined by credit ratings.
（5）Proper_________ helps blood move nutrients throughout your body，eliminates toxins，and improves the function of almost every organ system throughout your body.
（6）The superpower often_________ on the independence and sovereignty of other countries.
（7）He is a_________ ，but he has some virtues.
（8）In China，there is no cultural tendency to _________the consumer.
Translate the sentences into Chinese.
（1）In his book“The Vanishing Newspaper”，Philip Meyer calculates that the first quarter of 2043 will be the moment when newsprint dies in America as the last exhausted reader tosses aside the last crumpled edition.
（2）The rush is almost unseemly，largely because the Internet is a seductive medium that supposedly matches buyers with sellers and proves to advertisers that their money is well spent.
（3）It has survived as readers have shunned papers and papers have shunned what was in stuffier times thought of as serious news.And it will surely survive the decline to come.
（4）The usefulness of the press goes much wider than investigating abuses or even spreading general news；it lies in holding governments to account—trying them in the court of public opinion.
（5）An elite group of serious newspapers available everywhere online，independent journalism backed by charities，thousands of fired-up bloggers and well-informed citizen journalists.