学生Rob和Carla在讨论即将进行的关于城市规划的课题报告。两人选定的主题是“沿海大城市”。在研究过程中,两名学生发现大多数大型城市都建在海滨,更确切地说是河流的入海口。随着城市的扩大,农业、工业随之兴盛,但由此带来的水污染问题也更加严峻。两人还发现这些城市有类似的建设规划问题,而这些问题无法靠每个城市独立解决,需要调动全世界的智慧资源共同解决。
presentation n. 展示;报告
urban adj. 都市的,市内的
structure n. 结构,构架
relevant adj. 有关的,相关的
expand v. 扩张,扩展
agriculture n. 农业,农耕
industry n. 工业,产业
spread v. 展开,传播
pollutant n. 污染物
discharge v. 排放,流出
downstream adv. 顺流而下地
channel n. 沟渠,河道
drain v. 排水,流干
flooding n. 洪水泛滥
sensible adj. 明智的,合乎情理的
take into account 考虑到
global warming 全球变暖
drainage n. 排水
faulty adj. 有错误的,有缺点的
authority n. 当局;权威
dispose v. 处理,处置
prevention n. 预防,阻止
replace v. 替换,更替
ecosystem n. 生态系统
coastal adj. 沿海的,海岸的
environmentalist n. 环境学家
principle n. 原则,准则
abide v. 遵守;容忍
dissertation n. 论文
tutorial n. 导师辅导
catalogue n. 目录
analysis n. 分析
survey n. 调查
discipline n. 纪律;训练
statistics n. 统计数据
draft v. 打草稿
embark v. 着手,从事
angle n. 角度,视角
look into 调查
brainstorm v. 头脑风暴,开动脑筋
author n. 作者
implication n. 含义,暗示
magazine n. 杂志
in-depth adj. 深入的
structure n. 结构,构造
archive n. 档案
database n. 数据库,资料库
copyright n. 版权
1.Yeah, though that's all cities, not just ones on the coast. But most of the biggest cities are actually built by the sea, I'd not realised that before. 是的,是所有的城市,不仅仅是沿海城市(发展快速)。但事实上大多数大城市都是沿海建造的,我以前没有意识到这个。
2.Well, as the city expands, agriculture and industry tend to spread further inland along the rivers, and so agriculture moves even further inland up the river. That's not necessarily a problem, except it means more and more pollutants are discharged into the rivers. 随着城市(规模)扩大,农业、工业沿河向内陆地区发展,所以农业继续转移到内陆河流之上(的区域)。这原本不是个问题,除了越来越多的污染物被排放到河里。 necessarily一词直译为“必须地,必要地”,在本句中指农业向内陆的发展不一定是件坏事,除了对河流造成污染,但在中文表达中不必译出。
3.Yeah, they spent quite a lot of money on them. But what they didn't take into account was global warming. So they built the drainage channels too close to sea level, and now sea levels are rising, they're more or less useless. 是的,他们在这上面(指排水渠)花了不少钱。但他们没考虑到全球变暖,所以排水渠建得太接近于海平面。现在海平面上升,这些沟渠基本没用了。
4.No. Really they just need to find the money for something to replace the drainage channels, in order to protect against flooding now. But in the long term they need to consider the whole ecosystem. 不,其实他们只需要找到资金,替换现有的排水渠以避免洪灾,但从长期来看,他们需要考虑到整个生态系统。 protect against something指“保卫……以免受到……”。
5.But it's going to be a long time before countries come to a decision on what principles they're prepared to abide by. 但让所有的国家对他们准备共同遵守的原则做出决定需要花费很长的时间。 abide by为固定搭配,意为“遵守”。
6. We should mention some geographical factors, things like wetlands and river estuaries and coastal erosion and so on. We could have some maps of different cities with these features marked. 我们需要提及一些地理因素,比如沼泽地、河湾和海岸侵蚀等。我们可以有一些标注着这些特征的不同城市的地图。
本节由21~25单选题和26~30搭配题组成。单选题相对较难,混淆信息设置较多。搭配题考查词汇不难,但需要反应迅速。
21. 题干词coastal在原文中以名词形式coast出现,可以帮助定位。选项B符合含义,仅largest与原文biggest同义替换。选项A、C提及倍数关系,但原文未涉及。
22. 题干问及building coastal cities near to rivers,在原文中以along the rivers/up the river定位。原文称it means more and more pollutants are discharged into the rivers,指污染物被排放至河流中,与选项A有关,又未完全符合,选项A称“为城市带来污染”,但原文指的是对水源造成污染。而后原文又称these are brought downstream to the cities,指污染物又顺流而下到了(其他)城市(或城市的其他部分),因此还是对城市本身造成污染。本题理解难度较大。
23. 本题以题干专有名词Miami和1950s定位。原文中的but,作为转折关联词,是重要信号词。考生需要掌握global warming属于climate change,全球变暖=气候变化。
24. 题干词authorities原文重现。原文中的stop disposing of waste water与选项C. stop disposing of waste materials into the ocean接近,但该选项立即被that won't help with flood prevention否定,而后又提出they just need to find the money,与选项B吻合。虽然原文又提及ecosystem,但in the long term指“长远来看”,与题干词immediately不符。
25. 题干词international原文重现。原文提及需要国际上诸多国家做的是work together,选项A中的coordination符合含义。实现work together的最大障碍是come to an agreement,本题是关于需要做的事,而不是有何困难,选项C具有强迷惑性。本题较难。
26~30.搭配题考查同义替换及词汇理解,所有题干词均原文重现,考生需掌握以下表达,并快速反应。