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M: Tonight, we have a very special guest.[1] Mrs. Anna Sanchez is a three-time Olympic champion and author of the new book To the Edge. Mrs. Sanchez, thank you for joining us.
W: Thank you for having me.
M: Let's start with your book. What does the title “To the Edge” mean? What are you referring to?
W:[2] The book is about how science and technology has helped push humans to the edge of their physical abilities. I argue that in the past 20 years, we've had the best athletes the world has ever seen.
M: But is this a fair comparison? How do you know how, say, a football player from 50 years ago would compare to one today?
W: Well, you are right. That comparison would be perhaps impossible to make. But the point is more about our knowledge today of human biochemistry, nutrition, and mechanics.[3] I believe that while our bodies have not changed in thousands of years, what has changed is the scientific knowledge. This has allowed athletes to push the limits of what was previously thought possible.
M: That's interesting. Please tell us more about these perceived limits.
W:[2] The world is seeing sports records being broken that could only be broken with the aid of technology, whether this be the speed of a tennis serve or the fastest time in a hundred-meter dash, or 200-meter swimming race.
M:[4] Is there any concern that technology is giving some athletes an unfair advantage over others?
W: That is an interesting question, and one that has to be considered very carefully. Skis, for example, went from being made of wood to a metal alloy which allows for better control and faster speed. There is no stopping technological progress. But, as I said, each situation should be considered carefully on a case-by-case basis.
1. What do we learn about Anna Sanchez?
2. What is the woman's book mainly about?
3. What has changed in the past thousands of years?
4. What is the man's concern about the use of technology in sports competitions?
1. A
【听前预测】
1. 四个选项都以she开头，推测该题考查的内容与she相关，听录音时应先弄清楚she的指代对象。
2. 四个选项都含有表示职业的词汇athlete、speaker、scientist和inventor，推测该题可能以特殊疑问词what进行提问，考查she的职业。
结论：该题考查的内容可能涉及女士所从事的工作，即女士的职业。听录音时，需要留意与女士工作或职业相关的语句。
【解析】 对话开头，男士在介绍女士时说：“安娜·桑切斯女士是三届奥运会冠军，同时也是《达到极限》这本新书的作者。”由此可知，安娜·桑切斯女士是一位伟大的运动员，同时也是一位作家，因此A项与对话内容相符。C项是根据女士所著新书的内容设置的干扰项，对话中提到女士新书讲述的是科学技术如何帮助人类达到体能极限，虽然书中的内容与科学技术相关，但并不能说明女士是位科学家，故排除C项。B项和D项在对话中并未提及，故均排除。
2. D
【听前预测】
1. 四个选项都是以how开头，描述的都是某件事情的过程。
2. 四个选项的关键信息分别是人类的生物化学（human biochemistry）、运动员的表现（athletes' performance）、创造新纪录（set new records）和达到新高度（scale new heights），其中三个选项含有athletes，两个选项含有helps和technology。
结论：该题考查的内容可能涉及与运动员或科学技术相关的信息，听录音时，需要留意与此相关的语句，仔细甄别，选出答案。
【解析】 对话中，男士问女士书名有什么含义。女士回答：“这本书讲述的是科学技术如何帮助人们达到了他们的体能极限。”即科学技术可以帮助人们不断挑战自己的体能极限，随后女士说：“在过去20年中，我们已经拥有世界上最优秀的运动员。”由此可知，这本书主要讲述了科学技术如何帮助运动员达到新的高度，因此D项内容与对话内容相符。之后，女士表示体育界的世界纪录正在被打破，而且只有借助科学技术才能打破这些世界纪录，由此亦可推知，仅靠科学训练无法帮助运动员再创新纪录，故排除C项。A项和B项是根据对话中出现的human biochemistry和nutrition设置的干扰项，均可排除。
3. B
【听前预测】 四个选项都是以our开头，且都是名词短语。
结论：该题可能以特殊疑问词what提问。听录音时，需要留意与选项关键词physical structures、scientific knowledge、biochemical process和concept of nutrition相关的语句。
【解析】 对话中，安娜·桑切斯女士说：“我认为，虽然我们的身体结构几千年来并没有发生改变，但科学知识发生了改变。”由此可推知，在过去几千年里发生改变的是科学知识，结合选项可知，B项与对话内容相符，同时排除A项，在过去几千年，我们的身体结构并未发生改变。C项和D项是根据对话中出现的human biochemistry和nutrition设置的干扰项，故均排除。
4. C
【听前预测】
1. 四个选项都是以it开头，听录音时，应先弄清楚it的指代对象。
2. 四个选项都含有表示可能的情态动词may。
结论：该题考查的内容可能是与it相关的推测，听录音时，需要留意与选项关键词sports competitions、over reliance on equipment、unfair advantage和nature of sports competitions相关的语句。
【解析】 对话中，男士问女士：“有没有担心科学技术会给一些运动员带来对其他运动员不公平的优势？”由此可推知，男士担心科学技术会给一些运动员带来不公平的优势，结合选项可知，C项与对话内容相符。A项、B项和D项对话中均未提及，可排除。
W: I've worked in international trade all my life. My father did so too before me. So I guess you could say it runs in the family.
M: What products have you worked with?
W: All sorts, really. I've imported textiles, machinery, toys, solar panels, all kinds of things over the years.[5] Trends and demand come and go. So one needs to be very flexible to succeed in this industry.
M: I see. What goods are you trading now?
W: I now import furniture from China into Italy, and foods from Italy into China.[6] I even use the same container. It's a very efficient way of conducting trade.
M: The same container? You mean you own a 40-foot cargo container?
W: Yeah, that's right.[7] I have a warehouse in Genoa, Italy and another in Shanghai. I source mid-century modern furniture from different factories in China. It's very good value for money. I collect it all in my warehouse and then dispatch it to my other warehouse in Italy. Over there I do the same, but with Italian foods instead of furniture, things like pasta, cheese, wine, chocolates. And I send all that to my warehouse in China in the same freight container I use for the furniture.
M: So I presume you sell both lines of products wholesale in each respective country.
W: Of course. I possess a network of clients and partners in both countries. That's the main benefit of having done this for so long. I've made great business contacts over time.
M: How many times do you ship?
W: I did 12 shipments last year, 18 this year, and I hope to grow to around 25 next year. That's both ways, there and back again. Demand for authentic Italian food in China is growing rapidly. And similarly, sales of affordable, yet stylish wooden furniture are also increasing in Italy.[8] Furniture is marginally more profitable, mostly because it enjoys lower customs duties.
5. What does the woman think is required to be successful in international trade?
6. What does the woman say is special about her way of doing trade?
7. What does the woman have in both Italy and China?
8. What does the woman say makes furniture marginally more profitable?
5. B
【听前预测】
1. 四个选项都是名词或名词短语，推测该题可能以特殊疑问词what提问。
2. 四个选项的内容均属于做某事的必备条件或影响因素。
结论：该题考查的内容可能是做某事的影响因素或必备条件，听录音时，需要留意与选项关键词experience、flexibility、family background和business connections相关的语句。
【解析】 对话中，女士说：“（国际贸易）行业趋势和商品需求变来变去。因此，一个人要想在这个行业取得成功，就必须非常灵活。”结合选项可知，B项与对话内容相符。其他三项都没有提及，故均可排除。
6. D
【听前预测】
1. 四个选项都是现在分词短语，所以本题应该是考查某人的某种行为或正在做的某事。
2. 四个选项的内容与贸易、合作伙伴和货物集装箱有关。
结论：该题考查的内容可能是与国际贸易相关的某种行为或某事。听录音时，需要留意与选项关键词from factories、by sea、partners和the same container相关的语句。
【解析】 对话中，女士说：“我甚至用的是同一个货物集装箱。这是一种非常有效的开展贸易的方式。”由此可推知，女士从中国进口家具到意大利，再用同一个货物集装箱运输意大利食品到中国，这样不仅可以节约成本，而且节省时间，这种操作也是女士做国际贸易业务的特别之处，结合选项，可知D项符合对话内容。对话中虽然提到女士在中国从不同的工厂买入家具，但并不是女士做生意的特别之处，故排除A项。B项和C项在对话中并未提及，故均排除。
7. A
【听前预测】
1. 四个选项都是名词。
2. 四个选项都是与贸易相关的词汇，前两项表示地点，后两项表示人物。
结论：该题考查的内容可能是与国际贸易相关的地点或人物。听录音时，需要留意与各选项相关的语句。
【解析】 对话中，女士说：“我在意大利的热那亚有一个仓库，在上海也有一个仓库。”由此可知，女士在意大利和中国各有一个仓库，因此A项符合对话内容，为正确答案。其他三项均不是女士在意大利和中国都有的，故均可排除。
8. C
【听前预测】
1. 四个选项都是形容词加名词（短语）的形式，推测该题可能以特殊疑问词what提问。
2. 两个选项均含有lower，且这两项的内容可能与商品贸易有关（import duties和shipping costs）
结论：该题考查的内容可能与国际商品贸易有关。听录音时，需要留意与选项关键词style、design、import duties和shipping costs相关的语句。
【解析】 对话的最后，女士说：“家具的利润稍高一些，主要是因为它的关税较低。”即女士经营的中国家具和意大利食品贸易，两者比较而言，家具利润稍高些，因为它的关税相对低一些，故C项符合对话内容。其他三项在对话中均未提及，故均可排除。
“Too many people view their jobs as a five-day prison, which they are paroled every Friday,” says Joel Goodman, founder of the Humor Project, a humor consulting group in Saratoga Springs, New York.[9] Humor unlocks the office prison because it lets adults bring some of their childlike spirit to the job. According to Howard Polio, professor of psychology at the University of Tennessee, Knoxville, an office with humor breaks is an office with satisfied and productive employees.
[10] Polio conducted a study that proved humor can help workers excel at routine production tasks. Employees perform better when they have fun. In large corporations with a hierarchy of power, there is often no outlet for stress. “Every company needs underground ways of poking fun at the organization,” says Lynn N. Lawk, a speaker on workplace humor for St. Mary's Health Centre in St. Louis. Kodak's Rochester New York branch discovered a way for its 20,000 employees to uncork their bottled-up resentments. Their 1,000-square-foot humor room features a toy store. Among the room's many stress-reducing gadgets, the main attraction is a boss doll with detachable arms and legs.[11] Employees can take the doll apart as long as they put its arms and legs back in place. Sandy Cohen, owner of a graphic print production business, created the quote board to document the bizarre phrases people say when under strict deadlines. “When you're under stress, you say stupid things,” says Cohen. “Now we just look at each other and say, that's one for the quote board.”
9. What does the passage say about humor in the workplace?
10. What does the study by Howard Polio show?
11. What can Kodak's employees do in the humor room?
快速浏览本部分的所有选项，根据employees, stress, feeling bored, harmony, positively, humor, resentments, stress-reducing, boss doll等信息可大致推断本文内容与员工的压力有关，可能涉及员工如何减压、如何发泄怨恨等，听录音时需特别注意相关的内容。
9. A
【解题思路】
1. 四项都以it开头，都含有employees。
2. 两项提到helps，一项提到prevents，一项提到strengthens，这几个动词表达的内容都含有积极、正面的意义。
结论：本题考查的内容可能是文章的某处细节，也可能是文章的主题，应该会涉及it给员工带来的益处。听录音时应首先确定it的指代对象，并将重点放在四个选项的关键信息上（reduce their stress, prevents...from feeling bored, strengthens harmony, view things positively）。
【解析】 题目问的是关于职场幽默，这篇短文说了什么。文章开头就提到，幽默之所以能打开办公室监狱的门锁，是因为它能让成年人将一些孩童般的精神带到工作中。文章之后的内容都是围绕这句话展开的，通过派利奥的研究说明当员工们玩得开心时工作表现更好，通过柯达纽约分公司的做法说明幽默确实可以减轻员工的压力。由此可知选项A“它帮助员工减轻压力”正确。其他三项原文均未提及，均排除。
10. D
【解题思路】 四项都是陈述性语句，两项提到humor，两项提到stress，两项提到workers。
结论：本题考查的内容可能是文章的某处细节，涉及员工、压力与幽默的关系。听录音时应将重点放在四个选项的关键信息上（weekends, humor, emotional stress, routine tasks）。
【解析】 题目问的是霍华德·派利奥的研究表明什么。文章前半部分提到人名霍华德·派利奥，对于他的研究，文章说：派利奥进行了一项研究，证明幽默可以帮助员工在常规生产任务中表现出色。其中excel at routine production tasks与D项表述一致，由此可以得出D项为正确答案。其他三项均与霍华德·派利奥的研究无关，均排除。
11. B
【解题思路】 四项均是动词短语，两项提到释放怨恨或释放压力，两项含有释放压力的意思。
结论：通过对选项内容的理解，本题考查的内容应该与减轻压力的做法有关，听录音时应将重点放在四个选项的关键信息上（smash the toys, take the boss doll apart, design and install, strike at the boss doll）。
【解析】 题目就柯达的员工在幽默室的做法进行提问。文章后半部分提到柯达位于罗彻斯特市的纽约分公司帮助员工减轻压力的方法：1000平方英尺的幽默室设有一个玩具店。在这个房间的许多减压小玩具中，最吸引人的是一个胳膊和腿可以拆卸的老板模样的玩偶。员工们可以将玩偶分解，只要他们把玩偶的胳膊和腿放回原处就行。由此可知选项B正确。选项B中的reassemble就是put...back in place的意思。而且原文提到的是take the doll apart，并不是smash、design and install和strike at，因此其他三个选项不正确。
[12] Public interest was aroused by the latest discovery of a changed gene in obese mice. The news was made known by Rockefeller University geneticist Jeffrey Friedman. The researchers believe this gene influences development of a hormone that tells an organism how fat or full it is.[13] Those with the change gene may not sense when they have eaten enough or if they have sufficient fatty tissue, and thus can't tell when to stop eating.
The researchers also reported finding a gene nearly identical to the mouse obesity gene in humans. The operation of this gene in humans has not yet been demonstrated, however.[14] Still, professionals like University of Vermont psychologist Esther Rothblum reacted enthusiastically, “This research indicates that people really are born with a tendency to have a certain weight, just as they are to have a particular skin color or height.”
Actually, behavioral geneticists believe that less than half of the total weight variation is programed in the genes, while height is almost entirely genetically determined. Whatever role genes play, Americans are getting fatter.
A survey by the Center for Disease Control found that obesity has increased greatly over the last 10 years.[15] Such rapid change underlines the role of environmental factors like the abundance of rich foods, in American's overeating. The Center for Disease Control has also found that teens are far less physically active than they were even a decade ago.
Excepting that weight is predetermined can relieve guilt for overweight people, but people's belief that they cannot control their weight can itself contribute to obesity.
12. What does the speaker say has aroused public interest?
13. What do we learn about the changed gene?
14. What does University of Vermont psychologist Esther Rothblum say?
快速浏览本部分的所有选项，根据a changed gene, lose weight, environmental changes, obesity genes, weight variation, natural environment, rich foods等信息可大致推断本文内容与基因和肥胖有关，可能涉及基因的变化、肥胖的原因等，听录音时需特别注意相关的内容。
12. A
【解题思路】 四项均是名词短语，三项提到gene，两项提到obese mice。
结论：通过对选项内容的理解，本题考查的内容应该与肥胖老鼠的基因有关，听录音时应将重点放在四个选项的关键信息上（a changed gene, gene modification, lose weight, self-repairing ability of a gene）。
【解析】 题目问讲话者说是什么引起了公众的兴趣。文章开头即提到：一项最新发现引起了公众的兴趣，这项发现是肥胖老鼠身上的基因发生了改变。因此选项A正确，题干中的has aroused public interest对应文章开头的Public interest was aroused。其他三项均不是引起公众兴趣的内容，故均排除。
13. D
【解题思路】 四项都以it开头，两项提到mice，两项提到organism，表达的都是it带来的结果。
结论：本题考查的内容可能是文章的某处细节，涉及it给老鼠或其他生物带来的结果。听录音时应首先确定it的指代对象，并将重点放在四个选项的关键信息上（unable to fight diseases, prevents fatty tissues from growing, adapt to environmental changes, unable to sense when to stop eating）。
【解析】 题目问的是我们从改变的基因中可以了解到什么。文章前半部分提到，那些携带变化基因的老鼠可能无法感知它们是否吃得足够多，或者它们是否有足够的脂肪组织，因此也就不知道什么时候该停止进食。由此可知选项D正确。短文没有提到改变了的基因可以使生物无法抵抗疾病、阻止老鼠的脂肪组织生长或帮助生物适应环境变化，因此其他三项均可排除。
14. C
【解题思路】 四项都是陈述性语句，三项含有被动语态，两项提到obesity genes，一项含有比较结构。
结论：通过对选项内容的理解，本题考查的内容应该与人类的肥胖基因或体重控制有关。听录音时应将重点放在四个选项的关键信息上（more obesity genes than, weight variation can be controlled, a tendency to have a certain weight, the function of the obesity genes）。
【解析】 题目问的是佛蒙特大学心理学家埃斯特·卢斯布鲁姆说了什么。文章中间部分提到人名埃斯特·卢斯布鲁姆：不过，像佛蒙特大学心理学家埃斯特·卢斯布鲁姆这样的专业人士反应热烈：“这项研究表明，人们确实天生就有特定的体重倾向，就像他们天生就有特定的肤色或身高一样。”由此可知选项C正确，选项中的are born with a tendency to have a certain weight与短文中所述内容完全一致。短文中并未将人类与老鼠的肥胖基因进行比较，因此选项A不正确；短文中说总的体重变化中只有不到一半是由基因决定的，而且这个说法是行为遗传学家提出的，并非心理学家埃斯特·卢斯布鲁姆的观点，因此选项B不正确；选项D的“肥胖基因的作用尚待探究”在短文中确实提到了，但这是其他研究人员发现的，与埃斯特·卢斯布鲁姆无关，因此选项D不正确。
15. B
【解题思路】 四项都是名词性短语，是四个不同方面的内容，其中三项是负面影响。
结论：通过对选项内容的理解，判断本题考查的内容可能是文章的某处细节，应该是外部因素对某件事情的影响。听录音时应将重点放在四个选项的关键信息上（natural environment, rich foods, pace of present-day life, food industry）。
【解析】 题目问，根据疾病控制中心的一项调查，美国人肥胖的原因是什么。文章后半部分提到：美国疾病控制中心的一项调查发现，在过去的10年中，肥胖人数大幅增加。如此迅速的变化凸显了环境因素的作用，比如丰富的食物种类在美国人过度饮食中的作用。由此得知，根据疾病控制中心的调查发现，美国人肥胖的原因是丰富、充裕的食物供应，所以选项B正确。其他三项原文均未提及，故均排除。
Qualities of a relationship such as openness, compassion and mental stimulation are of concern to most of us, regardless of sex. But judging from the questionnaire response, they are more important to women than to men. Asked to consider the ingredients of close friendship, women rated these qualities above all others.[16] Men assigned a lower priority to them, in favor of similarity and interests selected by 77% of men, and responsiveness in a crisis chosen by 61% of male respondents. Mental stimulation, ranked 3rd in popularity by men as well as women, was the only area of overlap. Among men, only 28% named openness as an important quality. Caring was picked by just 23%.
[17] It is evident by their selections that when women speak of close friendships, they are referring to emotional factors, while men emphasize the pleasure they find in a friend's company. That is, when a man speaks of a friend, he is likely to be talking about someone he does things with, a teammate, a fellow hobbyist, a drinking buddy. These activities are the fabric of the friendship. It is a doing relationship, in which similarity in interests is the key bond. This factor was a consideration of less than 11% of women. Women opt for a warm emotional atmosphere where communication flows freely. Activity is mere background.
Lastly, men, as we have seen, have serious questions about each other's loyalty. Perhaps this is why they placed such strong emphasis on responsiveness in a crisis. Someone I can call on for help. Women, as their testimonies indicate, are generally more secure with each other and consequently are more likely to treat this issue lightly. In follow-up interviews, this was confirmed numerous times, as woman after woman indicated that being there when needed was taken for granted.[18] As for the hazards of friendship, more than a few relationships have been shattered because of cut-throat competition and feelings of betrayal. This applies to both men and women, but unequally. In comparison, nearly twice as many men complained about these issues as women. Further, while competition and betrayal are the main thorns to female friendship, men are plagued in almost equal amounts by two additional issues, lack of frankness and a fear of appearing unmanly. Obviously, for a man, a good friendship is hard to find.
16. What quality do men value most concerning friendship according to a questionnaire response?
17. What do women refer to when speaking of close friendships?
18. What may threaten a friendship for both men and women?
由选项中出现的mental stimulation、compassion、emotional factors和feelings可推知，本篇讲话内容可能与情感话题有关。所以考生在听录音时，应该重点听与选项关键词相关的内容。
16. A
【解题思路】 四项都是名词或者名词短语，且描述的都是某种特征或者品质，所以听录音时应重点听与各选项关键词相关的信息。
【解析】 本题问男性最看重友谊关系中的什么品质。讲话者在开头先提到了一段关系中所拥有的品质，且这些品质对女性更加重要，接着说，“而男性认为这些品质不是最重要的，有77%的男性更看重朋友间的相似之处和兴趣相投”。也就是说，在友谊关系中，男性最看重的是彼此兴趣相投。很明显，选项A与原文内容相符。其余三项都是女性更看重的品质，故均可排除。
17. D
【解题思路】 四个选项都是名词短语，从关键词来推测，该题可能考查某种与人际关系或情感相关的因素，所以听录音时，应重点听与选项关键信息（willingness to offer timely help, each other's company, personal bonds, emotional factors）相关的内容。
【解析】 本题问女性在提及亲密友谊时指的是什么。讲话者对比了女性和男性看重的不同品质，并在文章中间部分提到，“当女性提及亲密的友谊时，她们指的是情感因素，而男性强调的是朋友的陪伴给他们带来的快乐”，选项D是原文再现，为正确答案，同时可排除选项B。讲话中没有提及选项A，选项C中的bonds虽然原文中有提及，但是原文说的是兴趣相投是构建男性友谊关系的关键纽带，与题干所问内容不符，故这两项均可排除。
18. C
【解题思路】 四项都是名词短语，且都是负面内容，涉及人际关系中的处事方式，本题可能考查相关内容，听录音时应重点听与各选项关键词相关的信息。
【解析】 本题就可能对友谊造成威胁的因素进行提问。讲话者在最后提到了威胁友谊的因素，“至于威胁友谊的因素，很多关系的破裂是因为恶性竞争和情感上的背叛”，故答案选C。选项A和选项D讲话中没有提及，故排除。讲话者提到了不真诚，是说除了竞争和背叛，男性还受到另外两个因素的困扰，即不真诚和害怕看起来没有男子气概，但不真诚并不是影响女性友谊的重要因素，故选项B也可排除。
The partial skeletons of more than 20 dinosaurs and scattered bones of about 300 more have been discovered in Utah and Colorado at what is now the Dinosaur National Monument.[19] Many of the best specimens may be seen today at museums of natural history in the larger cities of the United States and Canada. This dinosaur pit is the largest and best preserved deposit of dinosaurs known today.[20] Many people get the idea from the mass of bones in the pit wall that some disaster, such as volcanic explosion or a sudden flood killed a whole herd of dinosaurs in this area. This could have happened, but it probably did not.
The main reasons for thinking otherwise are the scattered bones and the thickness of the deposit. In other deposits where the animals were thought to have died together, the skeletons were usually complete and often all the bones were in their proper places. Rounded pieces of fossil bone have been found here. These fragments got their smooth, round shape by rolling along the stream bottom. In a mass killing, the bones would have been left on the stream or lake bottom together at the same level. But in this deposit, the bones occur throughout a zone of sandstone about 12 feet thick.
The mixture of swamp dwellers and dry land types also seems to indicate that the deposit is a mixture from different places. The pit area is a large dinosaur graveyard, not a place where they died.[21] Most of the remains probably floated down an eastward flowing river until they were left on a shallow sandbar. Some of them may have come from faraway dry land areas to the west. Perhaps they drowned, trying to cross a small stream, or washed away during floods. Some of the swamp dwellers may have got stuck in the very sandbar that became their grave. Others may have floated for miles before being stranded.
Even today, similar events take place. When floods come in the spring, sheep, cattle and deer are often trapped by rising waters and often drown. Their dead bodies float downstream until the flood recedes, and leaves them stranded on a bar or shore where they lie, half buried in the sand until they decay. Early travelers on the Missouri River reported that shores and bars often lined with the decaying bodies of buffalo that had died during spring floods.
19. Where can many of the best dinosaur specimens be found in North America?
20. The pit should be carefully preserved for the study of dinosaurs.
21. What does the speaker suggest about the large number of dinosaur bones found in the pit?
快速浏览该部分各个选项，其中多次提到了dinosaur(s)，由此推知，本篇讲话内容围绕恐龙展开，再根据第20题选项中出现的volcanic explosions、some natural disaster和a devastating flood可以进一步推断，讲话中很可能提及了恐龙的灭绝和灭绝原因。
19. D
【解题思路】 四项分别介绍了不同的地点，所以本题可能就某个地方提问。听录音时，应重点听与选项关键词（Colorado River、the Dinosaur National Monument、the border of the U.S. and Canada和museums of natural history）相关的信息。
【解析】 本题就恐龙标本保存最完好的所在地提问。讲话者在开头就指出，“如今，人们也许能在美国和加拿大一些较大城市的自然历史博物馆看到很多保存最完好的恐龙化石标本”，故答案选D。选项D中的museums of natural history是原词重现，large cities是对原文中larger cities的同义替换，题干中的North America是对原文中the United States and Canada的同义转述。讲话者是说在美国国家恐龙化石保护区发现了20多头恐龙的部分身体骨架和大约300多头恐龙的零散骨骼，故排除选项B。其余两项原文中没有提及，不是题干所问内容，故也排除。
20. B
【解题思路】 三项提及了自然灾难（volcanic explosions、some natural disaster、a devastating flood），且根据选项中的extinction和killed可以推测，本题考查恐龙或者某物种的灭绝原因。
【解析】 本题问很多人看到化石坑壁中大量的恐龙骨化石时会想到什么。讲话者在讲话开头部分提到，“很多人根据这个化石坑壁中的大量骨骼，认为是某种灾难，例如火山爆发或突然来临的洪水，杀死了该地区全部种群的恐龙。”选项B的说法与此相符，故为正确答案。选项B中的some disaster和killed a whole herd of dinosaurs是原词重现。选项A的说法太绝对，也不符合事实，选项C原文中没有提及，故可排除。原文中说“这种情况可能发生过，但也可能没有发生”，故选项D与原文不符，可排除。
21. A
【解题思路】 四项都以they开头，且都描述的是过去发生的事情，所以听录音时，应首先弄清楚they的指代对象；由选项中出现的buried deep、skeletons、dinosaurs和remains可以大致推测，they很可能指恐龙的骸骨。
【解析】 本题问讲话者暗示了有关在该地被发现的大量恐龙骨骼的什么信息。讲话者在介绍该地出现大量恐龙骨骼的可能原因时指出，“大部分恐龙的遗骸可能在流动的河流上漂浮，朝东往下游流去”，故答案选A，该项中的floated down an eastward flowing river是对原文的复现。选项B说法错误，讲话者在最后举了如今动物因自然灾害死亡的例子，这些动物死后其遗骸顺流而下，在沙洲或者河岸搁浅，半埋在沙子里，直到腐烂。讲话者没有说这些死去的恐龙生前在此地栖息，也没有明确表明恐龙是因为火山爆发死亡，故可排除选项C和选项D。
I would like particularly to talk about the need to develop a new style of aging in our own society.[22] Young people in this country have been accused of not caring for their parents, the way they would have in the old country. And this is true.[23] But it is also true that old people have been influenced by an American ideal of independence and autonomy. So we live alone, perhaps on the verge of starvation, in time without friends. But we are independent. This standard American style has been forced on every ethnic group, although there are many groups for whom the ideal is not practical. It is a poor ideal and pursuing it does a great deal of harm. This ideal of independence also contains a tremendous amount of unselfishness.
In talking to today's young mothers, I have asked them what kind of grandmothers they think they are going to be. I hear devoted, loving mothers say that when they are through raising their children, they have no intention of becoming grandmothers.[24] They are astonished to hear that in most of the world throughout most of its history, families have been three- or four-generation families living under the same roof. We have over-emphasized the small family unit—father, mother, small children. We think it is wonderful if grandma and grandpa, if they're still alive, can live alone. We have reached the point where we think the only thing we can do for our children is to stay out of their way, and the only thing we can do for our daughter-in-law is to see as little of her as possible. Old people's nursing homes, even the best run, are filled with older people who believe the only thing they can do for their children is to look cheerful when they come to visit.[25] So in the end, older people have to devote all their energies to not being a burden.
We are beginning to see what a tremendous price we've paid for our emphasis on independence and autonomy. We've isolated old people and we've cut off the children from their grandparents. One of the reasons we have as bad a generation gap today as we do is that grandparents have stepped out. Young people are being deprived of the thing they need most: perspective, to know why their parents behave so peculiarly and why their grandparents say the things they do.
22. What have young Americans been accused of?
23. What does the speaker say about old people in the United States?
24. What is astonishing to the young mothers interviewed by the speaker?
25. What does the speaker say older people try their best to do?
由选项关键词independence、care for parents、family care、autonomy、families、elderly people、younger generations和children可基本判断，本篇讲话的内容与家庭、养老有关，可能还涉及独立自主等内容。
22. C
【解题思路】
1. 四项都以动名词开头，可推断本题考查某个对象所做的事情。
2. 四个选项的关键词分别为leisure and material comfort, independence, care for parents, on the verge of starvation。
【解析】 本题问人们指责美国年轻人什么。讲话者在开头部分提到，我们国家的年轻人被人们指责没有像在旧时代那样照顾父母。选项C的说法与此一致，故为正确答案。讲话中确实一直提到独立，但过于重视独立的是美国老年人，而非年轻人，故排除选项B。讲话中提到，美国老年人十分独立，独自生活，也许快饿死的时候也没有朋友在身边，而非年轻人让老年处于挨饿的境地，故排除选项D。
23. D
【解题思路】
1. 四项都是以they开头的陈述句，听录音时要注意弄清楚they的指代对象。
2. 前两项涉及负向描述，后两项涉及正向描述。推断本题考查的内容可能是they的特点等内容。
【解析】 本题问关于美国的老年人，讲话者说了什么。讲话者提到，老年人深受美国独立自主思想的影响。他们独自生活，也许快饿死的时候都没有朋友在身边。选项D的说法与讲话内容一致，故为正确答案。讲话提到，美国老年人十分独立，独自生活，并没有提到他们在独自生活方面有很大的困难，所以排除选项A。选项B和选项C在讲话中并未提到，故排除。
24. B
【解题思路】 四项都是现在完成时或过去时的陈述句。其中前两项包含small-size families和extended families，后两项都涉及家庭中几代人的关系。
【解析】 本题问的是让接受讲话者采访的年轻妈妈们感到震惊的事情是什么。讲话者在讲话中间部分提到，接受采访的年轻妈妈们惊讶地听到，在全世界大部分地区的很长历史时期，都是三代或四代同堂的大家庭生活在同一屋檐下。选项B的说法与讲话内容一致，故为正确答案。讲话中同时提到了数代同堂的大家庭和小家庭（即包含父亲、母亲和小孩），也提到美国过分强调小家庭，但并未提到世界上许多地区的人们偏爱小家庭，故排除选项A。选项C和选项D可能是符合美国现实生活的常识选项，但讲话并未提及，故排除这两项。
25. B
【解题思路】
1. 四项都是动词短语，可推断本题考查某个对象做的事情。
2. 三项涉及家庭生活中几代人的关系。
【解析】 本题就老年人竭尽全力做的事情进行提问。讲话者在讲话后半部分提到，美国老年人的普遍观念是：唯一能为孩子们做的事情就是远离他们的生活，在孩子们来看望他们时，他们要看上去过得很幸福。他们必须花费所有的精力，努力不让自己成为孩子的负担。选项B的说法与讲话内容一致，故为正确答案。讲话中提到，在孩子来看望他们时，老年人要看上去过得很幸福（look cheerful），但并没有说他们参与愉悦的活动来保持身体健康，故排除选项C。选项A和选项D讲话中并未提及，可排除。