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Information design has arguably been around since humans were scribbling on cave walls, but the term has only gathered recognition within the last 25 years. For those of you not familiar with the term information design, the Society of Technical Communicators Special Interest Group on Information Design provides the following definition:
“The field of information design applies traditional and evolving design principles to the process of translating complex, unorganized, or unstructured data into valuable, meaningful information. The practice of information design requires an interdisciplinary approach which combines skills in graphic design, writing and editing, instructional design, human performance technology, and human factors.”
If we apply this definition broadly, it means that virtually anything written or drawn would fall under the heading of information design. Both traditional offline documents (e.g. advertisements,marketing collateral, technical documentation) and new media online documents (e.g. websites, product user interfaces) match the description. Frankly, it seems reasonable to assume that any type of information should be carefully planned and executed in order to meet the needs of the target audience.
Furthermore, with the electronic delivery of information and the Internet, information is becoming more complex. In the past, information was designed for a single output. Today, through the use of these technologies, information is being designed for display in multiple outputs. For example, the traditional product specification can now be delivered on multiple media, using technologies to address multiple audiences. The product specification may be delivered in multiple forms: as a paper-based spec sheet, as a section in a user guide or technical manual, as part of a web page, and even inside the product user interface.
So it stands to reason that the demand for information design and information designers will only increase as businesses continue to deliver their information in multiple forms using multiple technologies. And this demand will only grow as we invent additional ways to deliver information to consumers using new technologies.
So if there is so much demand for information design, where are all the information designers? It turns out that they are out there, in the business world, hiding under different names. Today, the practice of information design requires multiple skills such as graphic design, human factors design, writing and programming. As a result, it is fair to say that anyone who possesses any one of these skills (e.g. graphic designers, copywriters, technical writers, user interface designers, web developers) can justifiably call himself or herself an information designer.
Herein lies the dilemma. If these people really are information designers, shouldn’t they be able to perform a variety of these skills? Using the definition above, if you were hiring an information designer,wouldn’t you ideally want them to have at least some degree of skill in information organization,graphic design, writing, screen layout, web client-server scripting, human-computer interaction design,instructional design and usability testing?
While there are varied opinions on the answer to this question, we believe that the next generation of information designers will learn, practice and perfect several of the skills currently performed by multiple people. Over the long term, we believe there will be a skill convergence as people slowly add new skills to their personal inventory. In effect, they will become“workplace chameleons”switching from one skill to another depending upon the project requirements and timings.
Over time, we believe that this combination of skills will become the norm and may even become mandatory for many information design positions. Given the current economic climate, employers are already demanding more from their prospective new hires. As evidence of this trend, look at the career section in your local newspaper and you will see that employers are now asking for combination skill sets for many jobs. Companies are looking for people who can simultaneously write, design and develop websites. With a small amount of cross-training, many of today’s information designers could position themselves for these multi-skilled jobs.
Frankly, the answer to this question depends on who you are. If you’re an existing information designer, you should be thinking about this evolution from both a financial and job security perspective.If you’re an employer, you should be looking at it from a productivity and financial perspective.
Consider the case of the information design contractor. We believe that adding new skills to your inventory will enable you to command a higher salary. As a contractor, you become the “cream of the crop”. Many years ago, I ran a consulting business that specialized in the writing and design of both print and online information. With multiple skills, I was able to charge approximately 50% more than my competitors for my services and was never out of work. Why? Because my clients understood that they could single-source the job rather than having to source a writer, a designer and a programmer. In effect, they were getting the work of three for the price of one-and-a-half and they didn’t have to deal with the logistical headaches of managing three people. The same model is even more appropriate in today’s economic environment.
As an employee, the same holds true and you have the added bonus of increasing your job security.Multiple skills make you more immune from layoffs. Think about it—who would you layoff? Robin who knows how to write, design and script the website or Jeff who writes well but can’t design or script to save his life? The answer is obvious. Unless Jeff is a budding “Shakespeare”, he’ll probably end up as a roadkill on the information highway.
From an employer’s perspective, the answer to the question is even more obvious. Who would you rather employ? A person who can perform one skill or a person who can perform multiple skills?
From a cost perspective, you may end up paying a little bit more (or in this economy, maybe the same) ;but from a management perspective, you will be saving a whole lot of time and trouble. For example,imagine you are a project leader and you are assembling a project team. Think about the logistical problems associated with assembling and managing a team in order to deliver one online and offline document.
Now, think about your employee attrition strategy for a moment. Today, if the graphic designer quits, three other people and the project are affected by the departure. Tomorrow, if you have several people with multiple skills, the problem becomes one of scheduling while you re-balance the workload instead of a disaster recovery program while you find a person capable of performing the skill.
Despite the recent “dotcom” stock market meltdown, the Internet is clearly here to stay. In fact, the Internet is still growing at a stunning 46% per year. Ironically, the article I have referenced here laments the fact that Internet growth is slowing. Frankly, most CEOs would be in ecstasy over these “slow”growth rates. This means that most companies have now doubled their information design requirements.Whether they like it or not, they must now feed two media beasts: traditional print media and new electronic media.
In the long term, this will translate into increased market demand for those who possess information design skills. For those individuals who are flexible and savvy enough to add multiple skills to their inventory, it stands to reason that the next decade promises to be at least as rewarding as the last.
fall under 归入……类别，列为……项目，受到
stands to reason 明显合理，按照常情
turns out 产生，结果是，出来
as a result 结果
in effect 实际上，事实上，有效
depend upon 依靠，决定于
over time 随着时间的过去
end up 结束
be in ecstasy over 对……心醉神迷
instead of 代替，而不是
at least 至少
CEO（Chief Executive Officer） 执行总裁，首席执行官
【Ex.5】根据文章所提供的信息回答问题。
1.When has information design gathered recognition?
2.What does information design mean according to the Society of Technical Communicators Special
Interest Group on Information Design?
3.What happens to information with the electronic delivery of information and the Internet?
4.What does the practice of information design require today?
5.What will the next generation of information designers do?
6.What will the next generation of information designers become?
7.What should you do if you’re an existing information designer? What should you do if you’re an employer?
8.In the case of the information design contractor, what do we believe?
9.What are the two media beasts that most companies must feed now?
10.What does the next decade promise to be for those individuals who are flexible and savvy enough to add multiple skills to their inventory?
阅读下列文章。尽管已经加注，有的单词可能还需要查词典。
