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第四节
总分结构对照分析法

由于总分之间的基本关系是互相支持、互相印证的对照关系,而且总述是对分述的总结和概括,而分述是对总述的展开。当一些未知空出现在总述句时,解出这些空的相关联已知线索往往可以在与其对应的分述部分找到。

经典例题1

If no surplus is available, a farmer cannot be 47 . He must either sell some of his property or seek extra funds in form of loans. Naturally he will try to borrow money at a low rate of interest, but loans of this kind are not frequently obtainable.

47. A. self-confident

B. self-sufficient

C. self-satisfied

D. self-restrained

答案: B. self-sufficient

分析: 本题处在一个总述句中:Ifno surplus is available, a farmer cannotbe 47.在此句之前,文章都是在讲If surplusis available(在有盈余的情况下),农民的生活如何;实际上,从文章结构来看,从空格所在句开始为另一个意群,而If no surplus is available, a farmer cannot be 47为这个意群的总述句,即“如果没有盈余,农民就无法……”所以,仅仅看本题所在的句子所包含的已知信息是不够的,还要看其他地方的相关已知信息,这个关键的相关已知信息就在分述部分,因为总述部分是对分述部分的高度概括,只要总结出分述部分,本题答案就迎刃而解了。

总述部分:If no surplusis available, a farmer cannot be 47.

分述部分:...sell some of his property...

...seek extra funds...

...borrow money at a low rate of interest...

总结一下分述部分很容易判断出47题的答案是B.self-sufficient,因为总述句中的notbe self-sufficient(无法自给自足)恰恰是对分述部分的最佳概括。

经典例题2

Successful safety programs may 45 greatly in the emphasis placed on certain aspects of the program. Some place great emphasis on mechanical guarding. Others stress safe work practices by observing rules or regulations. Still others depend on an emotional appeal to the worker. But, there are certain basic ideas that must be used in every program if maximum results are to be obtained.

45. A. alter

B. differ

C. shift

D. distinguish

答案: B. differ

分析: 本题所考查的动词处于本段的总述句中,既然分述所做的是“秉承总述的旨意”,我们通过分析分述的内容就可以倒推出总述的意思。

通过分述可以总结出“成功的安全制度(主语)”做出的动作都是“将重点放置于(谓语)”,“但所放置的重点不同(宾语)”。由此分述总结出总述句的主语Successful safety programs所做的动作(45题)就是“differ”。 l5C4nPS/3jW36GNneaVekEnNxjjEiVD868hIDeEkek4lh5rc0FxW/TCAYmbOAdgU

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