从以上各小节讨论的内容中,可以看出简单句与名词从句的对应关系,以及名词从句的连接词与简单句的疑问词的关系。现列表如下:
从上表我们看到:
第一,对于陈述句,连接词that是后来添加的,此时的that自然不充当从句里的任何成分,而且也没有任何意义,只起连接主句和从句的作用。
第二,对于一般疑问句,连接词whether也是后来添加的,目的是为了保留疑问的意义,表示“是否”,即whether是有意义的,这不同于that。而与that相同的是,whether也不充当任何句子成分。
第三,对于特殊疑问句,不需要添加任何连接词,因为特殊疑问词就充当了连词的作用,从而变成了相应的连接词,只需要把倒装语序还原成陈述句语序就可以了。这些特殊疑问词都是在句中充当各种成分的,比如连接代词可以充当主语、宾语或表语,而连接副词则充当状语。
需要提醒大家注意的是,要特别关注这些连词是否在句子中充当成分。比如,that不能充当任何成分,只起连接作用,后面要接陈述句;what一定是充当从句的主语或宾语等成分;which和whose后面都要接名词等等。
本节是整个“名词从句”一章的重点内容。读者需要掌握以下要点:
一、理解名词从句的本质,即三种句子(陈述句、一般疑问句和特殊疑问句)充当四种句子成分(主语、宾语、表语和同位语)。
二、理解为什么陈述句需要添加连词that之后才能变成名词从句。
三、掌握一般疑问句如何转化为名词从句,即要引入连词whether或if。
四、掌握特殊疑问句如何转化为名词从句,即要变倒装语序为陈述句语序。
请将括号里的疑问句变成名词从句。
1. ______ is unimportant to me. (Does she come?)
2. ______ remains uncertain. (Shall we have the match?)
3. I wonder ______. (Should we wait for him?)
4. No one knows exactly ______. (Is there life on other planets?)
5. I am interested in the question ______. (Will people live on the moon someday?)
6. My question is ______. (Do we have enough time to go to the movie?)
7. Do you know ______ ? (Does sound travel faster than light?)
8. I don’t know ______. (How old is he?)
9. ______ was interesting. (What was he talking about?)
10. Do you know ______ ? (What’s on TV tonight?)
11. Please tell me ______. (Where do you live?)
12. I wonder ______. (Why did dinosaurs become extinct?)
13. ______ wasn’t true. (What did she say?)
14. ______ is true. (What did he tell you?)
15. ______ is still a mystery. (Why did they refuse to cooperate with us?)
16. Do you know ______ ? (When are they coming?)
17. I can’t remember ______. (How much does it cost?)
18. Let’s ask him ______. (Which book does he want?)
19. I don’t know ______. (Who is coming to the party?)
20. I don’t know ______. (Who are those people?)
21. Do you know ______ ? (Whose pen is this?)
22. ______ is a secret. (Why did they leave the country?)
23. ______ is none of your business. (Where did she go?)
24. ______ will be forever etched in our memories. (What happened on the morning of September 11?)
25. I don’t remember ______. (How many letters are there in the English alphabet?)
26. I need to find out ______. (How old does a person have to be to get a driver’s license?)
27. The little boy wants to know ______. (Do animals have the same emotions as human beings?)
28. The little boy wants to know ______. (Why is the water of the sea salty?)