关于复合名词(compound noun)变复数的规则如下:
一、“man/woman+名词”构成的复合名词
由“man/woman+名词”构成的复合名词,两个词均须变为复数。例如:
man teacher/men teachers(男老师)
man doctor/men doctors(男医生)
man servant/men servants(男仆)
woman pilot/women pilots(女飞行员)
woman journalist/women journalists(女记者)
二、以-man/-woman/-child结尾的复合名词
以-man/-woman/-child结尾的复合名词变复数时,将-man/-woman/-child变为复数。例如:
fireman/firemen(消防员)
chairwoman/chairwomen(女主席)
horseman/horsemen(骑兵)
grandchild/grandchildren(孙子,孙女)
policeman/policemen(警察)
Englishman/Englishmen(英国人)
Frenchman/Frenchmen(法国人)
但是German不是一个合成词,所以其复数形式是在词尾直接加-s,即Germans。
三、“名词+介词或介词短语”构成的复合名词
“名词+介词或介词短语”构成的复合名词变复数时,将主体名词(或者说中心名词)变为复数。例如:
comrade-in-arms/comrades-in-arms(战友)
注意:不是comrades-in-arm*。这里的arms要用复数形式。(详见1.3.8小节)
passer-by/passers-by(过路人)
runner-up/runners-up(亚军)
looker-on/lookers-on(旁观者)
mother-in-law/mothers-in-law(岳母,婆婆)
editor-in-chief/editors-in-chief(总编辑)
bride-to-be/brides-to-be(即将成为新娘的人,准新娘)
请看例句:
1 What is Bigamy?
Lawyer:Do you know what bigamy is?
Jackson:Yes.I’ll have two mothers-in-law .
精品译文 何谓重婚罪?
律师:你知道什么是重婚罪吗?
杰克逊:知道,就是我会有两个岳母。
四、由动词短语演变成的复合名词
由动词短语演变成的复合名词,一般没有主体名词,变复数时在词尾加-s。例如:
forget-me-not/forget-me-nots(勿忘我)
go-between/go-betweens(中间人)
grown-up/grown-ups(成年人)
take-off/take-offs(起飞)
assistant director/assistant directors(助理导演)
babysitter/babysitters(保姆)
breakdown/breakdowns(崩溃,衰落)
close-up/close-ups(特写镜头)
takeover/takeovers(接管)
sit-in/sit-ins(静坐抗议)
stand-by/stand-bys(可以信任的人)
五、“名词+形容词”构成的复合名词
“名词+形容词”构成的复合名词变复数时,变名词为复数。例如:
notary public/notaries public(公证员)
secretary general/secretaries general(秘书长)
Attorney General/Attorneys General([美]司法部长,大法官/[英]总检察长)
consul general/consuls general(总领事)
请看例句:
2 Following a face-to-face meeting between state attorneys general and Justice Department officials in San Francisco about possibly joining forces against the software giant,27 states file a brief in federal appeals court in Washington supporting the Justice Department’s antitrust case against Microsoft.
精品译文 国家大法官与司法部的官员们在旧金山召开了一次面对面的会议,讨论可否联合抵制软件巨人微软。此次会议之后,27个州在华盛顿的联邦上诉法庭提交了一份辩护状,支持司法部针对微软的反垄断案。