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1.3.6 复合名词变复数

关于复合名词(compound noun)变复数的规则如下:

一、“man/woman+名词”构成的复合名词

由“man/woman+名词”构成的复合名词,两个词均须变为复数。例如:

man teacher/men teachers(男老师)

man doctor/men doctors(男医生)

man servant/men servants(男仆)

woman pilot/women pilots(女飞行员)

woman journalist/women journalists(女记者)

二、以-man/-woman/-child结尾的复合名词

以-man/-woman/-child结尾的复合名词变复数时,将-man/-woman/-child变为复数。例如:

fireman/firemen(消防员)

chairwoman/chairwomen(女主席)

horseman/horsemen(骑兵)

grandchild/grandchildren(孙子,孙女)

policeman/policemen(警察)

Englishman/Englishmen(英国人)

Frenchman/Frenchmen(法国人)

但是German不是一个合成词,所以其复数形式是在词尾直接加-s,即Germans。

三、“名词+介词或介词短语”构成的复合名词

“名词+介词或介词短语”构成的复合名词变复数时,将主体名词(或者说中心名词)变为复数。例如:

comrade-in-arms/comrades-in-arms(战友)

注意:不是comrades-in-arm*。这里的arms要用复数形式。(详见1.3.8小节)

passer-by/passers-by(过路人)

runner-up/runners-up(亚军)

looker-on/lookers-on(旁观者)

mother-in-law/mothers-in-law(岳母,婆婆)

editor-in-chief/editors-in-chief(总编辑)

bride-to-be/brides-to-be(即将成为新娘的人,准新娘)

请看例句:

1 What is Bigamy?

Lawyer:Do you know what bigamy is?

Jackson:Yes.I’ll have two mothers-in-law .

精品译文 何谓重婚罪?

律师:你知道什么是重婚罪吗?

杰克逊:知道,就是我会有两个岳母。

四、由动词短语演变成的复合名词

由动词短语演变成的复合名词,一般没有主体名词,变复数时在词尾加-s。例如:

forget-me-not/forget-me-nots(勿忘我)

go-between/go-betweens(中间人)

grown-up/grown-ups(成年人)

take-off/take-offs(起飞)

assistant director/assistant directors(助理导演)

babysitter/babysitters(保姆)

breakdown/breakdowns(崩溃,衰落)

close-up/close-ups(特写镜头)

takeover/takeovers(接管)

sit-in/sit-ins(静坐抗议)

stand-by/stand-bys(可以信任的人)

五、“名词+形容词”构成的复合名词

“名词+形容词”构成的复合名词变复数时,变名词为复数。例如:

notary public/notaries public(公证员)

secretary general/secretaries general(秘书长)

Attorney General/Attorneys General([美]司法部长,大法官/[英]总检察长)

consul general/consuls general(总领事)

请看例句:

2 Following a face-to-face meeting between state attorneys general and Justice Department officials in San Francisco about possibly joining forces against the software giant,27 states file a brief in federal appeals court in Washington supporting the Justice Department’s antitrust case against Microsoft.

精品译文 国家大法官与司法部的官员们在旧金山召开了一次面对面的会议,讨论可否联合抵制软件巨人微软。此次会议之后,27个州在华盛顿的联邦上诉法庭提交了一份辩护状,支持司法部针对微软的反垄断案。 7h/xFd+62c4VNj4RI9l1cCO5MbLIZvlJ6jlxrXUwn6Nx3EeOGsZMpaprclT6+hAU

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