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4.9 比较状语从句

4.9.1 连词as

在这里我只讨论as引导的比较状语从句,关于as的其他用法,请参见第五章as专题。as引导比较状语从句,基本结构是as...as,这里前一个as是副词,而后一个as才是比较状语从句的连词。具体用法如下:

1. 结构1:“as+形容词或副词+as ”

132 Eyes are as eloquent as lips(are).

133 An adult human must take eight steps to go as far as a giraffe does in one stride.

真题再现:1996年语法

134 Do you enjoy listening to records? I find records are often ______, if not better than, an actual performance.

A. as good as

B. as good

C. good

D. good as

正确答案 A

妙语点睛 这里as good as是一个完整结构,不能省去as,原句相当于:I find records are often as good as an actual performance, if they are not better than it. 由此可见,if not better than是一个省略句。

精品译文 你喜欢听唱片吗?我发现唱片的音响效果与现场演出效果一样好,甚至可能更好。

2. 结构2:“as+形容词+a(n)+可数名词单数+as”

此结构中,前一个as作为副词来修饰一个形容词,而这个形容词同时又修饰一个名词。使用时要特别注意“形容词置于不定冠词之前”这一特点。请看例句:

135 Rarely has a technological development had as great an impact on so many aspects of social, economic, and cultural development as the growth of electronics.

妙语点睛 若没有as修饰great,原本的结构是a great impact,但现在将其置于as...as结构中,则冠词和形容词的位置要互换,因此成了as great an impact as。另外要注意的是,整个句子是一个倒装句,正常语序为:A technological development has rarely had as great an impact on...as the growth of electronics.

精品译文 很少有一项科技发展能像电子技术的发展这样,对我们的社会、经济、文化等诸多方面产生如此重要的影响。

136 Americans tend to think from small to large. Let us take as simple an example as the addressing of envelopes.

妙语点睛 若没有as修饰simple,原本结构是a simple example,但现在将其置于as...as结构中,则冠词和形容词的位置要互换,因此成了as simple an example as,译成“像这样的一个简单例子”。另外,这里as...as结构并不是引导一个比较状语从句,举这个例子主要是为了说明“as+形容词+a(n)+可数名词单数+as”这一结构。

精品译文 美国人的思维喜欢由具体到一般。我们举一个写信封地址的简单例子吧。

真题再现:语法攻克考研“英译汉”——2006年第47题

137 His function is analogous to that of a judge, who must accept the obligation of revealing in as obvious a manner as possible the course of reasoning which led him to his decision.

妙语点睛 这个句子的难点在于revealing...his decision这一部分。难点有二:一是in as obvious a manner as possible这一怪异的结构;二是revealing的宾语the course of reasoning which led him to his decision后置了。介词短语in as obvious a manner as possible是in an obvious manner和as...as possible两个结构的叠加。原本的in an obvious manner修饰动词revealing,作方式状语,可译成“以很明了的方式”。然后,按照上述as...as的用法特点,在in an obvious manner这个介词短语上加上as...as possible结构来修饰obvious,此时不定冠词要放在obvious后边,于是便有了in as obvious a manner as possible,译成“以尽可能明了的方式”。另外,这里as...as结构并不是引导一个比较状语从句,举这个例子主要是为了说明“as+形容词+a(n)+可数名词单数+as”这一结构。

精品译文 他的职责与法官相似,必须承担这样的责任:用尽可能明了的方式来展示自己做出决定的推理过程。

真题再现:语法攻克考研“英译汉”——1999年第71题

138 While there are almost as many definitions of history as there are historians , modern practice most closely conforms to one that sees history as the attempt to recreate and explain the significant events of the past.

妙语点睛 虽然标题中提到的结构是“as+形容词+a(n)+可数名词单数+as”,但这里形容词若是数量形容词,如many,则其中的名词就得用复数。本句就是一例:as many definitions...as...。

精品译文 尽管几乎每个历史学家对史学都有自己的界定,但现代史学家的实践最趋向于认为历史学是试图重现过去的重大史实并对其做出解释。

3. 在否定句中,第一个as可用so代替

139 No other modern nation devotes so small a portion of its wealth to public health as the United States does. (注意:此句为否定句,否定词no置于句首)

真题再现:语法攻克考研“英译汉”——2005年第46题

140 Television is one of the means by which these feelings are created and conveyed—and perhaps never before has it served so much to connect different peoples and nations as in the recent events in Europe.

妙语点睛 这里有了否定词never,所以后面可用so。关于此句中the means by which的解释请参看第一章P34页1.11.2小节;关于此句中的so much...as结构,请参见“As专题”。

精品译文 电视是引发和传递这些感受的手段之一——在欧洲近来发生的事件中,它把不同的民族和国家连到一起,其作用之大,或许是前所未有的。

当然,也可以不改为so,仍然用as,我们来看2006年考研第36题选项A:

141 Poetry is not as expressive of joy as painting or music.

4. 为了保持句子平衡,从句还可以用倒装结构

此时结构是“ as...as+助动词+主语”,请看例句:

142 Small as it is, the ant is as much a creature as are all other animals on the earth.

妙语点睛 这里as are all other animals on the earth就是一个倒装结构,主语是all other animals on the earth。另外,这里as much...as...表示的是“在同等程度上”,翻译时可以处理成“和……一样”。关于这个用法,请参见“As专题”。

精品译文 尽管蚂蚁很小,但是它同地球上任何其他动物一样,都是一种生命。

143 The atmosphere is as much a part of the earth as ____ its soils and the water of its lakes, rivers and oceans.

A. are

B. do

C. is

D. has

正确答案 A

妙语点睛 这里主语是复数名词短语its soils and the water of its lakes, rivers and oceans,所以谓语动词当然要用are。

精品译文 地球周围的大气层,就如同地球上的泥土及地球上湖泊、河流、海洋中的水一样,都是地球的组成部分。

144 The computer revolution may well change society as fundamentally as did the Industrial Revolution.

妙语点睛 这里as did the Industrial Revolution就是一个倒装结构。

精品译文 计算机革命对于我们人类社会的改变之深刻就如同当时的工业革命。

4.9.2 连词than

1. 可比性问题

可比性问题,即指应是同类事物之间才能比较,如:he和I。不同类的事物是无法比较的。

145 He is taller than I (am).

146 The weather of the South is wetter than the North.(误)

妙语点睛 这是典型的错误句子,因为the weather of the South和the North是两个截然不同的事物,无法进行比较。只有“南方的天气”和“北方的天气”才能比较。故原句应该为:The weather of the South is wetter than that of the North. (为避免重复,用that代替the weather )

真题再现:1992年改错

147

正确答案 D,改为Thackeray’s。

妙语点睛 这里比较对象是两个作家的小说,所以我们要用Thackeray’s,相当于Thackeray’s novels。

精品译文 年轻的读者多半觉得Dickens的小说要比Thackeray的小说有趣得多。

2. 比较形式问题

在有than的比较句子里,主句中必须有比较级形式出现。

148 There are few electronic applications ______ to raise fears regarding future employment opportunities than robots.(1998-6 CET-4)

A. likely

B. more likely

C. most likely

D. much likely

正确答案 B

妙语点睛 本题考查的是比较级形式问题。more与后面的than构成结构上的搭配,故B正确。

精品译文 很少有一项电子技术的应用能够像机器人这样引起人们对未来就业机会的恐慌。

真题再现:1996年改错

149

正确答案 B,改为more likely。

妙语点睛 这个句子里有than,那么前面就应该有比较级形式与其构成结构上的呼应,所以把much likely改为more likely。

精品译文 一般来讲,一个有远大抱负的学生比那些胸无大志的学生更可能取得学业上的成功。

真题再现:2000年改错

150

正确答案 D,改为than。

妙语点睛 此题与上一题相反,这里是有比较级形式more,但其后面没有than来引导,所以,我们把as改为连词than。

精品译文 不过,从长远角度来看,这样匆忙辞退全职员工,对公司的打击比对员工本身还要大。

3. 为了保持句子平衡,从句还可以用全部或部分倒装

此时的结构是:than+助动词+主语。请看例句:

151 On the whole, ambitious students are more likely to succeed in their studies than are those with little ambition.

妙语点睛 这是上面讨论过的考研改错句子,这里than are those with little ambition就是一个倒装结构,其中主语是those with little ambition。

152 The air inside a house or office building often has higher concentrations of contaminants ______ heavily polluted outside air.

A. than does

B. more

C. as some that are

D. like of

正确答案 A

妙语点睛 答案选A,这里就是一个倒装结构,句子主语是heavily polluted outside air。

精品译文 室内或写字楼里的空气,往往比室外被严重污染的空气中的污染物含量还要高。

更多例句:

153 Foreign-born Asians and Hispanics “have higher rates of intermarriage than do US-born whites and blacks.”(2006年阅读第一篇)

154 In addition, far more Japanese workers expressed dissatisfaction with their jobs than did their counterparts in the 10 other countries surveyed. (2000年阅读第四篇)

155 The surface conditions on the planet Mars are more like the Earth’s than are those of any other planet in the solar system.

156 Ichthyosaurs had a higher chance of being preserved than did terrestrial creatures because, as marine animals, they tended to live in environments less subject to erosion.

157 With the growing prosperity brought on by the Second World War and the economic boom that followed it, young people married and established households earlier and began to raise larger families than did their predecessors during the Depression.

4.9.3 表示倍数比较的三种句型

除了用than, as来对两个事物进行比较外,我们还可以用times, twice等词来说明两事物之间的倍数关系。在英文中,表示两事物倍数关系的比较,可用以下三种句型(以three times为例):

1.“倍数+比较级”结构: A is three times bigger (或其他形容词比较级) than B.

2.“倍数+ as...as ”结构: A is three times as big (或其他形容词原级) as B.

3.“倍数+名词”结构: A is three times the size (或其他形容词对应的名词形式) of B.

请看下列各真题例句:

158 When the United States entered just such a glowing period after the end of the Second World War, it had a market eight times larger than any competitor, giving its industries unparalleled economies of scale. (2000年阅读第一篇)

妙语点睛 这里是“倍数+比较级”结构。

精品译文 美国二战后进入这样辉煌的历史时期时,它拥有比任何竞争对手都大八倍的市场,这使其工业经济规模无可匹敌。

159 Railroads typically charge such “captive” shippers 20 to 30 percent more than they do when another railroad is competing for the business. (2003年阅读第三篇)

妙语点睛 这里是“倍数+比较级”结构。

精品译文 联营铁路对这样的“跑不掉”的发货人所收取的运货费比有另一条铁路来竞争这笔生意时的收费高出20%~30%。

160 There are about 105 males born for every 100 females, but this ratio drops to near balance at the age of maturity, and among 70-year-olds there are twice as many women as men. (2000年阅读第二篇)

妙语点睛 这里是“倍数+as...as”结构。

精品译文 每出生100名女婴,就会出生约105名男婴,但这个比例在他们成年时下降为基本持平,在70岁的老人中女性人数是男性的两倍。

我们再来看2006年考研第32题选项B:

161 There are only half as many fisheries as there were 15 years ago.

妙语点睛 这里是“倍数+as...as”结构。

精品译文 如今的渔场数量仅是15年前的一半。

162 According to the Canadian Institute for Health Information, prescription drug costs have risen since 1997 at twice the rate of overall health-care spending. (2005年阅读“七选五”)

妙语点睛 这里是“倍数+名词”结构。

精品译文 加拿大医疗信息协会的资料表明,自1997年以来,处方药费用的增长速度是整个医疗费用增长速度的两倍。

真题再现:1999年语法

163 Smoking is so harmful to personal health that it kills ______ people each year than automobile accidents.

A. seven more times

B. seven times more

C. over seven times

D. seven times

正确答案 B

妙语点睛 此题考查的就是倍数比较关系的表达。根据我上面说到的“倍数+比较级”结构,这里的倍数seven times应该放在比较级前面,故seven times more正确,其他的表达,如seven times, over seven times均不符合上面提到的句型。

精品译文 吸烟对个人健康是如此有害,以至于每年因吸烟而死亡的人数是交通事故的七倍多。

164 Americans eat ____ as they actually need every day.(1998 CET-4)

A. twice as much protein

B. twice protein as much twice

C. twice protein as much

D. protein as twice much

正确答案 A

妙语点睛 此题考查的就是倍数比较关系的表达。根据上面说到的“倍数+as...as”结构句型,这里的倍数twice应该放在as...as前边,故twice as much protein正确,其他的表达均不符合上面的这个句型。

精品译文 美国人每天摄入蛋白质的量是他们实际所需要的两倍。

真题再现:1996年语法

165 The number of registered participants in this year’s marathon was half _____.

A. of last year’s

B. those of last year’s

C. of those of last year

D. that of last year’s

正确答案 D

妙语点睛 此题考查的是倍数比较关系的表达。适用的句型是上面说到的“倍数+名词”结构句型。此题难点在于比较对象的判断。比较对象是“今年报名参加马拉松比赛的人数”与“去年报名参加马拉松比赛的人数”。这里的名词是the number of registered participants,但为了避免重复,可以用that来指代。所以D正确。

精品译文 今年报名参加马拉松比赛的人数是去年的一半。

166 And since 1991, productivity has increased by about 2% a year, which is more than twice the 1978-1987 average .(1998年阅读第二篇)

妙语点睛 这里是“倍数+名词”结构。不过在倍数前面加了修饰语more than。

精品译文 从1991年以来,生产力的增长每年约2%,这是1978~1987年的平均增长速度的两倍多。

167 As a result, California’s growth rate dropped during the 1970s, to 18.5 percent— little more than two thirds the 1960s growth figure and considerably below that of other Western states. (1998年阅读第四篇)

妙语点睛 本题和上一句的相似之处在于都是“倍数+名词”结构,即后面接名词短语(如the 1978-1987 average, the 1960s growth figure),并且都有修饰语more than。但上一句是倍数(twice)比较,而这里是分数(two thirds)比较。

精品译文 结果,加利福尼亚的人口增长率在20世纪70年代降到18.5%——只比20世纪60年代增长率的2/3多一点,比西部其他州的增长率低得多。

4.9.4 “the more..., the more...”句型表示比较

这个句型考生一般比较熟悉,翻译起来也不难,在考研阅读理解中出现过。具体用法如下:

1. 从结构上来看,这个句型前半部分是从句,后半部分是主句,即“the+比较级(从句),the+比较级(主句)”;

2. 翻译成汉语时一般是按正常语序先译从句,后译主句;

3. 值得提醒的是,这里比较级部分都在各自分句中充当一定的成分,换句话说,相当于是将分句某个成分变为比较级之后提到了句首。

请看下列例句:

168 The more foreign capital you have helping you build your Third Wave infrastructure, which today is an electronic infrastructure, the better off you’re going to be. (2001年阅读第二篇)

妙语点睛 这里比较级the more foreign capital在从句中作have的宾语,而the better off则作be的表语。

精品译文 你拥有用以建设第三次浪潮基础设施(目前即电子基础设施)的外国资金越多,你就将越富裕。

169 Basic economics suggests the greater the potential consumers, the higher the likelihood of a better price.(2005年阅读“七选五”)

妙语点睛 注意这里省去了be动词,原句可改写为:The greater the potential consumers are, the higher the likelihood of a better price is.

精品译文 基本经济学原理表明,潜在的客户越多,获得更优惠价格的可能性就越大。

更多例句:

170 The nearer it is drawn to the surface of the earth, the more a body weighs.

精品译文 一个物体离地球表面越近,重量就越重。

171 The more we help others, the more we receive in return. We advance ourselves as we help others.

精品译文 帮助别人越多,我们获得的回报也越多。帮助了别人,提升了自己。

172 Friends are lights in winter: the older the friend, the brighter the light.

精品译文 朋友犹如冬日里的暖阳,愈久弥珍。

173 The higher you climb the ladder, the more you get into administrative or executive work, the greater the emphasis on ability to work within the organization rather than on technical abilities or professional knowledge.

精品译文 你的职位越高,你担任的行政管理工作的权限越大,你就越是要注意在单位内部的管理能力,这比技术能力和专业知识更重要。

174 The better a man’s self-image, the better friends he is likely to choose, hence the better the relationship, and hence his self-esteem is enhanced. The worse a man’s self-image, the more likely he is to choose jerks for friends, hence the relationship is likely to go bad, and his self-image is further lowered because of this failure. So the lesson is obvious. You cannot depend on others for your sense of self-worth. It must come from within you.

精品译文 一个人的自我形象越好,他所交的朋友也会越好,因此这样的友谊就会越浓厚,从而也就增强了他的自信心。反之,一个人自我形象越差,所交的朋友也会越差,这样的友谊很可能会变质,这种人际交往的失败进而会导致自我形象贬低。因此,道理很简单,自我价值的提升不在别人而在自己。

4.9.5 “(just)as..., so...”结构表示类比

此句型的用法特点是:

1. 基本意思是“正如……,所以……”;

2. 第二个分句可用倒装结构。

我们来看真题例句:

175 Thus just as earlier theories have explained the mobility of the continents, so hot spots may explain their mutability (inconstancy).(1998年阅读第五篇)

妙语点睛 这里含有just as...so结构。

精品译文 正如以前的理论解释了大陆板块的移动,“热点”理论可能解释大陆板块的不稳定性。

真题再现:1995年语法

176 Just as the soil is a part of the earth, ______ the atmosphere.

A. as it is

B. the same is

C. so is

D. and so is

正确答案 C

妙语点睛 本题考查just as...so结构。

精品译文 正如土壤是地球的组成部分一样,大气层同样是地球的组成部分。

更多例句:

177 As you sow, so will you reap/so you will reap.

精品译文 种瓜得瓜,种豆得豆。

178 Just as dark clouds cannot long hide the sun, so no lies can cover up the fact.

精品译文 乌云遮不住太阳,谎言掩盖不了事实。

179 Just as food nourishes the body, so do books enrich the mind.

精品译文 食物滋养身体,书本丰富心灵。

180 As it is the mark of great minds to say many things in a few words, so it is the mark of little minds to use many words to say nothing.

精品译文 大智者寥寥数语,即能达意;寡智者口若悬河,仍言之无物。

181 As land is improved by sowing it with various seeds, so is the mind by exercising it with different studies.

精品译文 土壤因播种不同的种子而改良,智力通过各科的学习来提高。

182 Just as they must put aside their prejudices, ______ we must be prepared to accept their good faith.

A. thus

B. so

C. as

D. like

正确答案 B

4.9.6“no more...than”表示比较

在考研英语中,no more...than这一句型出现过多次,如旧题型的语法选择题和近年来的阅读理解与英译汉中。若是不熟悉这个结构,考生很难理解和翻译。该句型用法特点如下:

1. 从结构上来看,no more...than有个变体形式是not...any more than;

2. 从功能上来看,这个句型往往表示的是两个事物之间的类比关系,即用than后边的事物来作比,阐明than前边主句所要表达的观点;

3. 从意思上来看,这个结构的基本意思是“同……一样不……”。既然是类比关系,翻译时就要表达出来,这时有两种选择:先译主句,然后再译than引导的从句——“……不能……,就如同(than从句)……不能……一样”;或者,先译than引导的从句,然后再译主句——“正如(than从句)……不能……,所以,……同样不能……”;

4. 需要特别注意的是,than后面句子为肯定形式,但要译成否定意义。

我们只要把握住上述四个用法特点,就不难理解这个句型了。请看下列例句:

真题再现:语法攻克考研“英译汉”——2006年第49题

183 But his primary task is not to think about the moral code, which governs his activity, any more than a businessman is expected to dedicate his energies to an exploration of rules of conduct in business.

妙语点睛 本题考查的是no more...than的变体句型not...any more than。这个句型用来表示两个事物之间的类比关系,由上下文我们知道这里类比的对象是intellectual(就是his指代的对象)和businessman,用businessman的行为特点作比,就是为了要说明intellectual的行为特点。我们看到,从句里谓语is expected是肯定形式,但翻译时一定要译成否定的“不能指望”,这是由该句型的特点决定的。下面的译文采用了先译主句后译从句的译法。

精品译文 但是,他的首要任务并不是考虑支配自己行动的道德规范,就如同不能指望商人专注于探讨行业规范一样。

真题再现:1993年语法

184 There is no reason they should limit how much vitamin you take, ______ they can limit how much water you drink.

A. much more than

B. no more than

C. no less than

D. any more than

正确答案 D

妙语点睛 本题考查的是no more...than的变体句型not...any more than,注意这里否定词用了no(reason)相当于not的强调形式,所以本句的基本框架是:There is no...any more than...。同样,这里是表示两个事物之间的类比关系,类比的对象是vitamin和water。从句中谓语can limit是肯定形式,但翻译时一定要译成否定的“不能限制”,这是由该句型的特点决定的。下面的译文采用了先译从句后译主句的译法。

精品译文 正如他们没有理由限制你每天喝多少水一样,他们也绝没有理由限制你维生素的摄入量。

真题再现:1994年语法

185 The heart is ______ intelligent than the stomach, for they are both controlled by the brain.

A. not so

B. not much

C. much more

D. no more

正确答案 D

妙语点睛 本题考查的是no more...than句型。注意这里是单纯表示比较关系而不是类比关系,其比较的对象是heart和stomach,可以简单地译成“A与B同样不……”。

精品译文 心脏和胃同样都不具有智慧,因为它们都要受大脑控制。

186 Mr. McWhorter’s academic specialty is language history and change, and he sees the gradual disappearance of “whom”, for example, to be natural and no more regrettable than the loss of the case-endings of Old English.(2005年阅读第四篇)

妙语点睛 本句所包含的就是no more...than的句型。注意这里是单纯表示比较关系而不是类比关系,这里比较的对象是whom和case-endings,可以简单地译成“A与B同样不……”。

精品译文 麦克沃特先生的学术专长是研究语言的历史与变迁。比如,他认为像“whom”一词的逐渐消失是很自然的,如同古英语中词尾变格的消失一样,我们不必为此感到惋惜。

更多经典例句:

187 As a jazz lover, I find it refreshing that many Chinese pop stars are beginning to be influenced by jazz, and are including jazzy rhythms and harmonies in their songs. However, incorporating jazz elements into pop music does not make it jazz, any more than putting chili pepper into a MacDonald’s hamburger turns it into Sichuan cuisine.

妙语点睛 本题所含的是no more...than的变体句型not...any more than。这里用来表示两个事物之间的类比关系——把音乐和食物来作类比。从句里谓语turns是肯定形式,但翻译时一定要译成否定意义的“不能变为”,这是由这个句型的特点决定的。下面的译文采用了先译主句后译从句的译法。

精品译文 作为一个爵士乐迷,我发现很多中国流行歌手开始受到爵士乐的影响,正在把爵士乐的节奏与和声运用到他们的歌曲当中,这让我感到很新鲜。然而,把爵士乐的成分搀进流行乐中,并不能将流行音乐变成爵士乐,就像把辣椒放进麦当劳的汉堡包,汉堡包也变不成川菜一样。

188 A fool can no more see his own folly than he can see his ears. 傻瓜看不到自己的愚蠢,就像他看不到自己的耳朵一样。

189 Unmerited praise is no more honor than deserved blame is. 不该得到的表扬和应该受的批评一样不光彩。

4.9.7 “not... so much as ...”表示比较

在考研英语中,not...so much as...这一句型也曾多次出现,该句型用法特点如下:

1. 从结构上来看,not...so much as...可以有两种结构:not A so much as B或者not so much A as B;

2. 从意思上来看,该句型的基本含义为“与其说A倒不如说B”,或“是B,而不是A”。但在实际语境中其翻译非常灵活;

3. A和B是两个被比较的平行结构,如:同为介词短语,动词不定式,名词短语或其他平行结构。

我们只要把握住上述三个用法特点,就不难理解这个句型了。请看下列真题例句:

真题再现:语法攻克考研“英译汉”——1994年第71题

190 Science moves forward, they say, not so much through the insights of great men of genius as because of more ordinary things like improved techniques and tools.

妙语点睛 本题考查的就是not so much A as B这一比较句型。这里的平行结构是两个介词短语:through the insights of great men of genius和because of more ordinary things like improved techniques and tools。它们在这里作状语,修饰谓语moves forward。

精品译文 他们说,科学的发展与其说源于天才伟人的真知灼见,不如说源于改进了的技术和工具等更为普通的东西。

真题再现:2000年语法

191 It wasn’t so much that I disliked her ______ that I just wasn’t interested in the whole business.

A. rather

B. so

C. than

D. as

正确答案 D

妙语点睛 本题考查的就是not so much A as B这一比较句型。这里的平行结构是两个that从句:that I disliked her和that I just wasn’t interested in the whole business。它们在这里作表语。

精品译文 并不是因为我不喜欢她,而是因为我对整件事情根本就不感兴趣。

真题再现:1992年改错

192

正确答案 B,改为as。

妙语点睛 这题有一定的迷惑性,因为在英文中的确有for the lack of这一固定搭配,意为“由于缺乏……”。但本题考查的实际是not so much A as B这一比较句型,其平行结构是两个名词短语:the many blows he received和the lack of fighting spirit。它们在这里作表语。该句基本框架结构是It was...that led to his losing the game,是一个强调句型,被强调的部分是表示一个原因,说明是什么原因导致他比赛失利。

精品译文 导致他比赛失利的真正原因不是由于他遭受了许多打击,而是因为他缺乏斗志。

193 The conveniences that Americans desire reflect not so much a leisurely lifestyle as a busy lifestyle in which even minutes of time are too valuable to be wasted. (1995年改错题)

妙语点睛 本句含有not so much A as B这一比较句型。这里的平行结构是两个名词短语:a leisurely lifestyle和a busy lifestyle。它们在这里作reflect的宾语。

精品译文 美国人所渴望的种种便利设施,与其说是反映了一种闲暇的生活方式,倒不如说是反映了一种忙碌的生活方式。正是因为忙碌,所以每分钟都很宝贵而不容浪费。

194 For the women of my generation who were urged to keep juggling through the ’80s, downshifting in the mid-’90s is not so much a search for the mythical good life—growing your own organic vegetables, and risking turning into one— as a personal recognition of your limitations.(2001年阅读第五篇)

妙语点睛 本句含有not so much A as B这一比较句型。这里的平行结构是两个名词短语:a search for the mythical good life—growing your own organic vegetables, and risking turning into one和a personal recognition of your limitations。它们在这里作表语。

精品译文 对于我们这一代在80年代被敦促要搏击生活的女性来说,在90年代中期过着节奏放慢的生活,与其说是对神秘的美好生活的追求——自己种有机蔬菜,冒险进入一个仙境——倒不如说我们认识到了自己的局限。

更多精品例句:

195 The great use of a school education is not so much to teach you things as to teach you the art of learning.

妙语点睛 被比较的是动词不定式短语:to teach you things和to teach you the art of learning。

精品译文 教育的作用不在于教会你多少东西,而在于教会你学习的技巧。

196 The trumpet player was certainly loud, but I was not bothered by his loudness so much as by his lack of talent.

妙语点睛 被比较的是介词短语:by his loudness和by his lack of talent。

精品译文 这个吹喇叭的人,声音吹得够大,但让我厌烦的不是他吹的声音大,而是他根本就缺乏演奏天赋。

197 The great thing in this world is not so much where we stand as in what direction we are moving.

精品译文 人生的意义不在于你目前身在何处,而在于你心向何方。

198 We both agreed that our marriage had taken a marked decline in the romance department. And it was n’t a lack of sex that concerned us so much as the lack of conversation. Conversation, in fact, has always been our aphrodisiac.

精品译文 我们俩都承认,我们的婚姻在浪漫这方面已大打折扣了,这倒不是因为缺少性生活,而是因为缺少交流。事实上,保持交谈曾一直是我们感情的催化剂。

199 He does not respect learning and prefers “sport”. The problem set for society is not the virtue of the type so much as its adequacy for its function.

精品译文 他不重视学习,只喜欢“消遣”。社会要回答的问题并不是这类人有无美德,而是他能否胜任其职务。 h+3G7HLZDXJs9AH8MbzFjnyoFWnbgnLS4jlBS6zd4bxjs0rx0JE5b0khjc7+I1hT

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