英国启蒙主义时期文学历年实考试题解析

1. （北京第二外国语学院2016年硕士研究生入学考试试题） is_________a satirical novel, in which the author Fielding exposes the English bourgeois aristocratic society and mocks at its political system.

A. A Modest Proposal

B. Gulliver's Tavels

C. Volpone

D. Jonathan Wild the Great

答案：D

2. （北京第二外国语学院2016年硕士研究生入学考试试题） In the last twenty yearsof the 18th century, England produced two great romantic poets. They are _______.

A. Johnson and Blake

B. Gray and Young

C. Pope and Goldsmith

D. Blake and Burns

答案：D

3. （天津外国语大学2016年硕士研究生入学考试试题） Jonathan Swift's satirical essay, _______, proposes the ironic plan that rich people should serve the fesh of the poor Irish children on their tables, thus turning an economic burden to general proft.

参考答案 ： A Modest Proposal

4. （国际关系学院2015年硕士研究生入学考试试题） Jonathan Swifts' A Tale of aTub is a devastating attack on ______ and even on _______ itself.

参考答案 ：The Christian church; Christian religion

5. （首都师范大学2015年硕士研究生入学考试试题） In the next place we are to observe that among the many things which I bought off the ship in the several voyages which, as above mentioned, I made to it, I got several things of less value,but not all less useful to me, which I omitted setting down before; as in particular,pens, ink, and paper, several parcels in the captain's, mate's, gunner's, and carpenter's keeping, three or four compasses, some mathematical instruments, dials,perspectives, charts, and books of navigation, all which I huddledtogether... From which novel is this excerpt taken?

参考答案 ： Robinson Crusoe

6. （中国人民大学2003年、四川大学2002年及2003年英语专业硕士研究生入学考试试题：名词解释 Neoclassicism

参考答案： (1) In the fiel of literature, the 18th-century Enlightenment Movement brought about a revival of interest in the old classical works. This tendency is known as neoclassicism. (2) According to this literary principle all forms of literature were to be modeled after the classical works of the ancient Greek and Roman writers such as Homer and Virgil and those of the contemporary French ones. (3) Neoclassicism emphasizes such artistic ideals as order, logic, restrained emotion, accuracy and literature's service to humanity (didacticism). (4) Famous among the great enlighteners in England were those great writers like John Dryden, Alexander Pope, Joseph Addison and Sir Richard Steele, the two pioneers of familiar essays, Jonathan Swift, Richard Bringsley Sheridan, Daniel Defoe, Henry Fielding and Samuel Johnson.

7. （厦门大学2003年硕士研究生入学考试试题：论述题） Describe and make acomment on Mr. Allworthy.

参考答案： (1) Mr. Allworthy, as his name suggests, is a kind-hearted man who adopts the foundling Tom Jones in Henry Fielding's Tom Jones, a Foundling . (2) Although Mr. Allworthy is good at heart, he fails to see through his evil nephew Blifi who designs a vicious plot against Tom Jones . As a result, Tom Jones is banished by Mr. Allworthy from his home. However, his good nature wins out, and a happy ending is secured.

8. （武汉大学2002年硕士研究生入学考试试题：论述题） Daniel Defoe's novel Robinson Crusoe was a great success partly because the protagonist was a real middle-class hero. Discuss Crusoe, the protagonist of the novel, as an embodiment of the rising middle-class virtues in the middle-eighteenth century England.

参考答案： (1) In Robinson Crusoe Defoe describes Robinson Crusoe as the very prototype of the empire builder, the pioneer colonist. (2) Caught in the hostile nature Robinson struggles single-handedly. He is a real hero of a typical eighteenth-century English middle-class or the rising bourgeoisie. He survives with a great capacity for work, inexhaustible energy, courage, patience and persistence in overcoming obstacles, in struggling against the hostile natural environment. (3) In portraying Robinson's life on the island, Defoe glorifies human labor and the Puritan fortitude, which save Robinson from despair and are a source of pride and happiness. (4) On the other hand, we must admit that Robinson Crusoe seems incapable of deep feelings and is preoccupied with possession, power and authority. For example, Robinson has a servant named Friday and the firs English word Robinson teaches him is "master." Also, all that Crusoe does seems to concern nobody but his own welfare. His industry, resourcefulness and solitary courage have made him a typical individual. (5) Crusoe's flaw reflec those of his time, and Defoe, through Crusoe, tells us much about frustrations, alienation, suffering and successes of modern man.

9． （河南大学2002年硕士研究生入学考试试题：论述题） What was the significanc of Samuel Johnson's Letter to Lord Chesterfield?

参考答案： (1) Johnson's famous letter, To the Right Honorable the Earl of Chesterfield ,is written to the fame-fishin Chesterfiel who offered Johnson nothing while he compiled A Dictionary of the English Language . (2) The letteris written in a refine and very polite language, with a bitter undertone of defiance and anger. (3) The seemingly peaceful retrospection, reasoning and questioning express, to the best satiric effect, the author's strong indignation at the lord's fame-fishing and his firm resolution not to be reconciled to the hypocritical lord. It expresses explicitly the author's assertion of his independence, signifying the opening of a new era in the development of literature.

10. （中国人民大学 2018 年硕士研究生入学考试试题：名词解释）

Parody

参考答案： Parody is an imitation of a particular writer, artist, or genre, exaggerating it deliberately to produce a comic effect. The humorous effect in parody is achieved by imitating and overstressing noticeable features of a famous piece of literature. A case in point is Gullivers' Travels by Jonathan Swift. Gulliver's Travels is a parody of travel narratives, as well as a satire on contemporary England. As the empire of England spread to far off lands, it became a center of navigation and exploration. Adventure and travel narratives telling stories of strange lands became popular.

11. （中国人民大学 2018 年硕士研究生入学考试试题：名词解释）

Samuel Johnson

参考答案： Samuel Johnson is an English writer who made lasting contributions to English literature as a poet, essayist, moralist, literary critic, biographer, editor and lexicographer. He was a devout Anglican and a generous philanthropist. Politically, he was a committed Tory. He is always regarded as "arguably the most distinguished man of letters in English history." He is also the subject of James Boswell's The Life of Samuel Johnson , described by Walter Jackson Bate as "the most famous single work of biographical art in the whole of literature." Johnson worked for eight years with his dictionary project. A Dictionary of the English Language was published finall in 1755.

12. （华中师范大学 2018 年硕士研究生入学考试试题：名词解释）

Gulliver's Travels

参考答案 ： Gulliver's Travels is a prose satire by Irish writer and clergyman Jonathan Swift, that is both a satire on human nature and the "travelers'tales" literary sub-genre. It is Swift's best known full-length work, and a classic of English literature. The story of the book is divided into four parts. In the firs part, Gulliver describes his shipwreck in Lilliput where the tallest people were six inches high. In his account of two parties in the country, distinguished by the use of high and low heels, Swift satirizes the Tories and the Whigs in England. The second part is about the voyage to Brobdingnag. The third part is a voyage to Laputa, Balnibarbi, Luggnagg, Glubbdubdrib and Japan. In the last part, Gulliver's satire is of the bitterest. Swift creates the bourgeois world in the repellent images of man like creatures—Yahoos. He also drew ruthless pictures of the depraved aristocracy and satirically portrayed the whole of the English state system. ly4kxMvqkQs8/8sr5Ew6mFhtfcOJIsSP0h9Cbw93EgiN8ZD5w7N0Yj2wZXJtf39j