奥克肖特的政治思想是与很多知识上和文化上的终极关怀挂钩的。因此，他对当下的政治以及意识形态的反思和批判，不留神的读者很多时候不能马上直接从他的著作中看出来。但如果笔者在上文的诠释和论述不无道理的话，那么可知，奥克肖特对现代性之下的政治境况其实是颇为悲观的。他的悲观是深层的，因为自由人面对的威胁，不光来自20世纪的极权主义，而且从根本上看现代人和现代国邦就同时存在着两种互相矛盾的特质。

奥克肖特的哲学和政治思想并没有为我们提出解救之道。他那理论和实践是属于两个截然不同范畴的主张，使他不会相信世上能出现哲人王或圣王来拯救黎民于水深火热。但奥克肖特同时相信，人类对文明能作出头脑清醒的思考，虽然不能够直接解决实用的问题，当中甚至难免常常出现知识上的错误，但当我们向人类的伟大心灵学习时，在这涯涘无尽的追寻中，我们的头脑变得愈加清晰，对人类的处境有更深刻的体会，对我们的价值和理想的想象，有不卑不亢的态度和更全面的认识。奥克肖特本人对个体性的理解和想象，对多元经验的论述和肯定，对道德生活和诗的经验的诠释，对法治国的文明的了解，还有本章没有机会详细触及的使人成为人的教育学习，以及对宗教情操的追求 ，其理论的精彩、内容的深刻、风格的迷人、想象的丰富、眼光的独到，在20世纪的西方思想界很少有可与之媲美者。这除了奠定了他在西方思想界的地位之外，也为西方文化增添了许多资源，让我们更有凭借地去反思人类的种种终极关怀。

在《政治的主张》一文中，奥克肖特说：“一个社会不但要有人保卫它的文明，更需要人为文明而创新。”他认为诗人、艺术家和哲学家的天才，正显露于社会的价值创立和创新之中。 谨希望本章能让读者对奥克肖特的思想多一分认识，多一点哲思上的兴趣，如此，作者的笔耕便没有白费了。

张楚勇

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