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完成句子填空题的每个考题都是一个陈述句，但在句子开头、中间或结尾处留有一个空格，要求考生根据文章填空。
完成句子填空题也是雅思阅读A类考试中经常考到的一种题型。在 Cambridge IELTS 9 的160道A类阅读考题中，有12道是完成句子填空题；在 Cambridge IELTS 10 的160道A类阅读考题中，有7道是完成句子填空题。
这种题型有三个明显特征：
（1）遵循“顺序原则”。也就是说题目的顺序和答案信息在原文中出现的顺序是一致的，了解这一点对于快速定位答案非常关键。
（2）答案有字数限制。即答案字数必须符合题目要求中所限定的字数。
（3）答案必须是原文原词。即作为答案的单词必须是原文定位句中的原词，考生不可以对答案进行同义替换。
（1）首先画出题目中的关键词。尤其注意句子中的主语、其他动词以及紧邻空格前后的词汇。
（2）根据题目中的关键词快速定位到原文。
（3）从定位句中选取合适的词填入题目空格处。注意字数限制，并且答案一定是原文原词。
You should spend about 6 minutes on Questions 37–40 , which are based on Reading Passage 3 on the following pages.
The meaning and power of smell
The sense of smell, Or olfaction, is powerful. Odors affect us on a physical, psychological and social level. For the most part, however, we breathe in the aromas which surround us without being consciously aware of their importance to us.
A A survey conducted by Anthony Synott at Montreal’s Concordia University asked participants to comment on how important smell was to them in their lives. It became apparent that smell can evoke strong emotional responses. A scent associated with a good experience can bring a rush of joy, while a foul odor or one associated with a bad memory may make us grimace with disgust. Respondents to the survey noted that many of their olfactory likes and dislikes were based on emotional associations.Such associations can be powerful enough so that odors that we would genially label unpleasant become agreeable, and those that we would generally consider fragrant become disagreeable for particular individuals. The perception of smell , therefore,consists not only of the sensation of the odors themselves, but of the experiences and emotions associated with them.
B Odors are also essential cues in social bonding . One respondent to the survey believed that there is no true emotional bonding without touching and smelling a loved one. In fact, infants recognise the odors of their mothers soon after birth and adults can often identify their children or spouses by scent. In one well-known test,women and men were able to distinguish by smell alone clothing worn by their marriage partners from similar clothing worn by other people. Most of the subjects would probably never have given much thought to odor as a cue for identifying family members before being involved in the test, but as the experiment revealed,even when not consciously considered, smells register.
C In spite of its importance to our emotional and sensory lives, smell is probably the most undervalued sense in many cultures. The reason often given for the low regard in which smell is held is that, in comparison with its importance among animals, the human sense of smell is feeble and undeveloped. While it is true that the olfactory powers of humans are nothing like as fine as those possessed by certain animals, they are still remarkably acute. Our noses are able to recognise thousands of smells,and to perceive odors which are present only in extremely small quantities.
D Smell, however, is a highly elusive phenomenon. Odors , unlike colours, for instance, cannot be named in many languages because the specific vocabulary simply doesn’t exist . ‘It smells like…,’ we have to say when describing an odor, struggling to express our olfactory experience. Nor can odors be recorded: there is no effective way to either capture or store them over time. In the realm of olfaction, we must make do with descriptions and recollections. This has implications for olfactory research.
E Most of the research on smell undertaken to date has been of a physical scientific nature . Significant advances have been made in the understanding of the biological and chemical nature of olfaction, but many fundamental questions have yet to be answered. Researchers have still to decide whether smell is one sense or two—one responding to odors proper and the other registering odorless chemicals in the air. Other unanswered questions are whether the nose is the only part of the body affected by odors, and how smells can be measured objectively given the nonphysical components. Questions like these mean that interest in the psychology of smell is inevitably set to play an increasingly important role for researchers.
F However, smell is not simply a biological and psychological phenomenon . Smell is cultural, hence it is a social and historical phenomenon. Odors are invested with cultural values: smells that are considered to be offensive in some cultures may be perfectly acceptable in others. Therefore, our sense of smell is a means of, and model for, interacting with the world. Different smells can provide us with intimate and emotionally charged experiences and the value that we attach to these experiences is interiorised by the members of society in a deeply personal way. Importantly, our commonly held feelings about smells can help distinguish us from other cultures.The study of the cultural history of smell is, therefore, in a very real sense, an investigation into the essence of human culture.
以上画出的主题句关键词共32个，下面我们根据各个题目和这些主题句关键词来定位答案。
Questions 37-40
Complete the sentences below.
Choose ONE WORD ONLY from the passage for each answer.
Write your answers in boxes 37-40 on your answer sheet.
37 Tests have shown that odors can help people recognise the______ belonging to their husbands and wives .
答案：clothing
定位： 题干中的关键词husbands and wives和B段主题句中的关键词social bonding对应，再根据题干中的关键词Tests，recognise定位到B段第四行：In one well-known test ,women and men were able to distinguish by smell alone clothing worn by their marriage partners from similar clothing worn by other people.
解析： 考题中的主语Tests在定位句中重现，定位句中的distinguish和空格前的recognise对应，distinguish的对象是clothing，答案就是clothing。注意，定位句中的wornby，marriage partners（配偶）分别和空格后的belonging to，husbands and wives对应。
38 Certain linguistic groups may have difficulty describing smell because they lack the appropriate______ .
答案：vocabulary
定位： 题干中的关键词linguistic…have difficulty describing smell和D段主题句中的关键词odors…cannot be named in many languages对应，主题句就是定位句： Odors , unlike colours, for instance, cannot be named in many languages because the specific vocabulary simply doesn’t exist .
解析： 考题问的是lack the appropriate…（缺少合适的什么），定位句说的是specific vocabulary…doesn’t exist（特定的词汇不存在），这里的specific和空格前的appropriate对应，答案就是vocabulary。
39 The sense of smell may involve response to______ which do not smell , in addition to obvious odors .
答案：chemicals
定位： 根据题干中的关键词sense of smell…response to定位到E段第四行：Researchers have still to decide whether smell is one sense or two—one responding to odors proper and the other registering odorless chemicals in the air.
解析： 定位句中的responding to，odors proper分别和题干中的response to，obvious odors对应，空格处要填的是一种无味儿的东西，定位句中的odorless和空格后的not smell对应，odorless后面的chemicals就是答案。
40 Odors regarded as unpleasant in certain______ are not regarded as unpleasant in others.
答案：cultures
定位： 题干中的关键词Odors…unpleasant和F段主题句中的关键词smell…psychological phenomenon对应，再根据题干中的关键词Odors regarded as unpleasant in certain定位到F段第二行：Odors are invested with cultural values: smells that are considered to be offensive in some cultures may be perfectly acceptable in others.
解析： 定位句中的smells … considered to be offensive，in some和题干中的odors regarded as unpleasant，in certain对应，in some后面的cultures就是答案。
上面的4道考题，定位答案的方法统计如下：
