35 根据在句中的作用,名词可以分为3种情况,这称为“格”。
1.主格,由主格的代词(I,we,he,she等)代表。
谓语的主语: John ( He )came.
分词的意义上的主语: The weather ( It )being so cold,we didn't want to go out.
补语:The visitor is John ( he ).
呼语:Come here, John ( you ).
2.所有格,由物主代词(my,our,his,her等)代表。
定语:I like John's ( his )car.
动名词意义上的主语: John's ( His )coming will be welcome.
3.宾格,由宾格的代词(me,us,him,her等)代表。
及物动词宾语:I know Mary ( her ).
双宾动词的间接宾语:He gave Jane ( her )some money.
双宾动词的直接宾语:She offered me a seat .
宾补动词的宾语:I thought Tom ( him )a nice man.
宾补动词的补语:They call her Lily .
介词的宾语:This car belongs to Tom ( him ).
不定式意义上的主语:For Henry ( him )to do it is good.
用作同位语的名词和前面名词的格相同。
Mr.Lee,a friend of mine,is a nice fellow.(同为主格)
Many people know Mr.Lee,my friend .(同为宾格)