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29.re-

前缀re-可表示方向上的向后及相反的状态,意为“反,相反,不”,如reverse(相反)。

re-还可表示“回,向后”,如retreat(撤退)。

re-还含有“再,一再,重新”的意思,如renew(更新)。

re-也可以表示“加强”的含义,如recommend(推荐)。

①表示“反,相反,不”

reluctant [rɪˈlʌktənt]

adj. 不情愿的,勉强的

re(反)+luct(扭打)+ant(……的)→反感到要扭打起来的→勉强的

Even those artists who were most dependent on photography became reluctant to admit that they made use of it, in case this compromised their professional standing. 即使是那些对摄影术最为依赖的艺术家也不愿意承认他们使用摄影术,以防这会影响到他们的专业地位。

unwilling adj. 不情愿的

reproach [rɪˈproʊtʃ]

n./v. 指责,斥责,批评

re(反)+proach(接近)→亲近的反面→斥责

condemn v. 谴责;denounce v. 谴责,痛斥

commend v. 赞扬

resent [rɪˈzent]

v. 憎恶,愤恨,怨恨

re(反)+sent(感觉)→反感→怨恨

resent sb. for sth. 因某事怨恨某人

grudge v. 怨恨

resist [rɪˈzɪst]

v. 抵抗,反对;克制,忍住;经得起,耐得住

re(反)+sist(站)→面对而站→抵抗

withstand v. 经受住

resistance n. 抵抗

reveal [rɪˈviːl]

v. 揭露,使显露,展示;显示,表明

re(不)+veal(=veil遮盖)→不让遮盖→揭露

First, the breaking of the fossilized leg bone revealed many small branching channels inside, which probably correspond to hollows in the bones where blood vessels were once located. 首先,已经形成化石的腿骨被打破后,其内部呈现出许多细小的分支通道,它们可能与腿骨上的凹陷处(以前血管所在的位置)一致。

reverse [rɪˈvɜːrs]

v. 颠倒;逆转,彻底改变;n. 反面;失败;adj. 相反的

re(相反)+vers(转)+e→反向转→反向的,相反的

Desertification is extremely hard to reverse unless the population is reduced in the vast areas affected. 沙漠化状况极其难以得到扭转,除非广大受影响地区的人口得以削减。

invert v. 使颠倒

revolt [rɪˈvoʊlt]

v./n. 反叛,起义,抗争;拒绝服从

re(相反)+volt(转)→反转过来→反叛

obey v. 顺从

②表示“回,向后”

recoil [rɪˈkɔɪl]

v. 弹回,反冲;退缩,后退

re(向后)+coil(卷,盘绕)→卷回去→弹回

recoup [rɪˈkuːp]

v. 收回(成本),弥补(亏损)

re(回)+coup(切)→往回切→收回(成本)

I suggest that we recoup some money and sell our products at a reasonable price. 我建议我们收回一部分资金,并以合理的价格出售我们的商品。

refrain [rɪˈfreɪn]

n. 反复说的话;副歌,(诗歌的)叠句;v. 克制,忍住

re(向后)+frain(来自拉丁语frenum,束缚,笼头)→笼头向后→克制

restrain v. 抑制;abstain v. 抑制,回避

refugee [ˌrefjuˈdʒiː]

n. 难民,寻求庇护者

re(向后)+fug(逃走)+ee(表人)→战争中往后方逃离的民众→难民

refund [rɪˈfʌnd] / [ˈriːfʌnd]

v. 退还(钱款)

n. 退款,返还金额

re(回)+fund(资金)→把资金返回→退还

give sb. a refund 给某人退款;a full refund 全额退款

reimburse v. 偿还;repay v. 偿还

rejuvenate [rɪˈdʒuːvəneɪt]

v. 使年轻;使恢复活力

re(回)+juven(年轻)+ate(使……)→使变回年轻→使恢复活力

relic [ˈrelɪk]

n. 遗迹,遗物,遗址

re(回)+lic(留下)→留下来的东西→遗迹

It's relic from earlier times and it has survived all these years without much change. 这是来自更早时期的遗迹,多年来一直保存至今,没有太大的改变。

repel [rɪˈpel]

v. 击退,驱逐;相斥,排斥;使厌恶

re(向后)+pel(推)→向后推→击退

During courtship and aggressive displays, the turkey enlarges its colored neck collar by inflating sacs in the neck region and then flings about a pendulous part of the colored signaling apparatus as it utters calls designed to attract or repel. 在求爱和发起攻击时,火鸡通过给颈部液囊充气来使其彩色的颈圈变大,晃动着下垂的鲜艳的信号器官,并通过信号器官发声来吸引异性或驱赶敌人。

repulse v. 击退

retract [rɪˈtrækt]

v. 收回,撤回;缩回

re(回)+tract(拉)→拉回→撤回

retreat [rɪˈtriːt]

v. 退却,撤退;隐退;n. 退却;逃避;隐退处

re(回)+treat(拉)→往回拉→退却

③表示“再,一再,重新”

recall [rɪˈkɔːl]

v. 记起,回想起;召回;n. 记忆(力),记性

re(重新)+call(引起,唤起)→重新唤起→回想起

Young children have better long-term recall of short verbal exchanges than the long ones. 小孩子对简短交谈的长期记忆比那些较长的对话要好。

recharge [ˌriːˈtʃɑːrdʒ]

v. 给……充电;恢复精力

re(再)+charge(装填)→再装满→给……充电

Most of the water, in the desert is contained in shallow aquifers that are being rapidly recharged. 在沙漠中,大部分的水都存留于较浅的含水土层中,这些含水土层可以迅速得到补给。

recharge a battery 为电池充电

reconcile [ˈrekənsaɪl]

v. 协调;使和解;将就,妥协

re(再)+concil(召集,集合)+e→(双方)再次召集到一起→使和解

harmonize v. 使协调;conciliate v. 调和,调解

contradict v. 与……矛盾

recruit [rɪˈkruːt]

v. 招募(新兵),吸收(新成员);n. 新兵;新成员

re(重新)+cruit(增加)→再次增加→招募

Newly raised regiments were normally transferred to another province from whence it was unlikely that individual recruits would ever return. 征来的新兵团通常被送往其他省份,一个新兵不太可能从那里回到原来的地方。

recruitment [rɪˈkruːtmənt]

n. 招募;招聘

re(重新)+cruit(增加)+ment(行为)→再次增加的行为→招募

large-scale recruitment 大规模的招募

refurbish [ˌriːˈfɜːrbɪʃ]

v. 翻新,整修(建筑物或房间)

re(再)+furbish(磨光)→旧的再磨光→翻新

Once the hotel's refurbished, it could start to attract people to our town again. 酒店一旦重新整修完毕,就能开始吸引人们再次来我们镇了。

regenerate [rɪˈdʒenəreɪt]

v.(使)再生,再造;革新,重建

re(重新)+gener(产生)+ate(使……)→使重新产生→再生

This involves moving young coral from a healthy reef onto a degraded reef, you know, in an attempt to regenerate the degraded reef by encouraging young healthy coral to take over. 珊瑚移植是把年轻的珊瑚从健康的珊瑚礁移植到退化的珊瑚礁上,你知道,这是试图通过促进年轻的珊瑚接替退化的珊瑚,从而使其实现再生。

restore v. 恢复

rehearse [rɪˈhɜːrs]

v. 预演,排练;默诵;重复

re(再)+hear(听)+se→(导演)在一旁一遍遍听→排练

reiterate [riˈɪtəreɪt]

v. 反复说,重申

re(再)+iterate(重复)→反复说

release [rɪˈliːs]

v./n. 释放,放出;解脱;发布,发表

re(一再)+leas(松)+e→一再松开→释放

relevance [ˈreləvəns]

n. 相关性;意义;重要性

re(一再)+lev(举)+ance(状态)→一再(用之)举例→相关性

Using the so-called Maxim of Relevance we can infer things as well. 根据所谓的相关准则,我们也可以推测出很多东西。

remark [rɪˈmɑːrk]

v. 评论;谈论;说;n. 评论,意见

re(一再)+mark(记号)→一再做记号→评论

Other students should comment on the man's remark. 其他的学生应该对这个男人的言辞进行评论。

remarkable [rɪˈmɑːrkəbl]

adj. 显著的,引人注目的;非凡的

re(一再)+mark(记号)+able(可……的)→一再做记号的→引人注目的

Although the remarkable antiquity of Australia's rock art is now established, the sequences and meanings of its images have been widely debated. 尽管人们已经确认澳大利亚的岩石艺术是了不起的古迹,但上面图像的顺序和意义依旧受到广泛争议。

extraordinary adj. 非凡的,优秀的;incredible adj. 了不起的

remind [rɪˈmaɪnd]

v. 提醒,使想起

re(一再)+mind(头脑)→一再放入脑中→提醒

remind sb. of sth. 提醒某人某事

renew [rɪˈnuː]

v. 重新开始,更新;恢复,重新建立;续签

re(重新)+new(新的)→更新

renown [rɪˈnaʊn]

n. 名望,声望

re(一再)+nown(命名)→一再被命名→名望,声望

replace [rɪˈpleɪs]

v. 替换,取代;放回,归还;更新

re(重新)+place(放)→重新放→放回

substitute v. 取代,替换

reschedule [ˌriːˈskedʒuːl]

v. 重新安排……的时间;推迟还款

re(重新)+schedule(时间表)→重新安排……的时间

resource [ˈriːsɔːrs]

n. 资源,财力,物力;资料

re(一再)+source(源泉)→可一再使用的源泉→资源

restore [rɪˈstɔːr]

v. 恢复,修复;复原

re(重新)+store(存储)→重新存储→复原

Researchers were able to restore a particular work of art. 研究者们可以修复一件特定的艺术作品。

restraint [rɪˈstreɪnt]

n. 限制,制约因素;克制,抑制

re(一再)+strain(束缚)+t→一再束缚→限制

limitation n. 限制,控制

retrieve [rɪˈtriːv]

v. 取回;挽回;检索(信息)

re(再)+trieve(找)→反复寻找→检索

Whether people can remember an event critically relies on the fit between the way in which they earlier encoded the information and the way in which they later attempt to retrieve it. 人们是否能记得一件事情,关键取决于他们前期对信息进行编码的方式与后期试图重新检索信息的方式之间的吻合程度。

reunion [ˌriːˈjuːniən]

n. 团聚,重聚,团圆

re(重新)+union(联合)→重新联合→重聚

family reunion 家庭团聚

gathering n. 聚会

review [rɪˈvjuː]

v. 审视,细查;评论;复习;n. 检查,审查;复习;评论

re(再)+view(看)→又看一遍→复习

④表示“加强”

recommend [ˌrekəˈmend]

v. 推荐,介绍;建议

re(加强)+commend(推荐)→推荐

recommend sb. sth. 向某人推荐某物

recommendation n. 推荐

refined [rɪˈfaɪnd]

adj. 精炼的,精制的

re(加强)+fine(好的)+(e)d(……的)→让变得更好的→精制的

repertory [ˈrepərtɔːri]

n. 全部剧目(或曲目);剧目轮演

re(加强)+per(=pere 带)+t+ory(表物)→(演出)一定要带着的东西→(剧团等的)全部剧目

represent [ˌreprɪˈzent]

v. 代表;体现,反映

re(加强)+present(出席)→必须出席→代表

Lightning that strikes the ground is the most likely to be destructive, so even though it represents only 20 percent of all lightning, it has received a lot of scientific attention. 击中地面的闪电最有可能具有破坏性,所以尽管它仅占所有闪电的20%,仍得到科学领域的许多关注。

历年真题考点

1 resist

resist可以用来表示抵御疾病或灾害等负面事件,如托福阅读中曾经出现的:Apparently, genotypes(the genetic make-up of an organism)in the rabbit population were selected that were better able to resist the parasite. [显然,兔子种群中能更好抵御寄生虫的基因型(即生物体的基因构成)被选择存活下来] 此外,resist还可以表示“抵抗”,比如resist temptation(抵抗诱惑)。

2 reveal

reveal虽然有“揭示”的含义,但通常用于表示“显示出”的意思。如托福阅读曾出现过:One of the most difficult aspects of deciding whether current climatic events reveal evidence of the impact of human activities is that it is hard to get a measure of what constitutes the natural variability of the climate.(要确定当前的气候状况是否显示出受到人类活动的影响的证据,最困难的方面之一是很难找到一种衡量气候自然变化构成的方法。)

在写作中,可以用reveal替换show,常用的句型是It reveals that...(这显示了……)

3 reverse

表示“相反”时,除了用opposite,也可以用reverse。

在托福听力中,考查过reverse表示“背面”的用法:This is interesting because he put his initials V.D.B. on the reverse of the coin in its original design.(这很有趣,因为在最初的设计中,他把自己名字的首字母V.D.B.放在了硬币的背面。)

句中搭配:on the reverse of sth.(在……背面) E5hqartYD+M6RWo4sdL8V0oIsjkdbmT0N3y1DS1dMwgtYaZ4ihS9TQbnJ0BCR5IF

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