03　Advice for Graduates
给大学毕业生的几个忠告

朱棣文的演讲

名人简介

朱棣文（Steven Chu），美国华裔科学家、诺贝尔物理学奖获得者。他于1948年2月28日出生在美国密苏里州的圣路易斯，在兄弟三人中排行第二。他于1970年毕业于罗彻斯特大学，获数学学士学位和物理学学士学位；他于1976年获加州大学伯克利分校物理学博士学位并任职于美国斯坦福大学，担任该校物理学教授和物理系主任。1997年，他获得诺贝尔物理学奖。2008年12月15日，他被奥巴马正式提名为美国能源部长。

朱棣文的一句著名格言是：我们不一定要成为天才，但我们要知道自己的目标和计划；我们会时常受到挫折，但不要失去热情。

背景资料

尊敬的校长福斯特女士、哈佛集团的各位成员、监管理事会的各位理事、全体教职员工、各位家长、各位朋友，最重要的是，今天的各位毕业生们：

Madam President Faust, members of the Harvard Corporation and the Board of Overseers, faculty, family, friends, and, most importantly, today's graduates:

感谢你们，让我有机会同你们一起分享这个美妙的日子。

Thank you for letting me share this wonderful day with you.

我不太肯定自己是否能够达到哈佛大学毕业典礼演讲人这样的高标准。去年，在这个讲台上演讲的是亿万身家的小说家J. K. 罗琳女士，她早年是一个学古典文学的学生。前年，站在这里的是比尔·盖茨先生，他是超级亿万富翁、慈善家和电脑呆子。今年很遗憾，是我给你们发表毕业演讲，虽然我不是亿万富翁，但是至少我是一个书呆子。

I am not sure I can live up to the high standards of Harvard Commencement speakers. Last year, J. K. Rowling, the billionaire novelist, who started as a classics student, graced this podium ^[注] . The year before, Bill Gates, the mega-billionaire ^[注] philanthropist ^[注] and computer nerd ^[注] stood here. Today, sadly, you have me. I am not a billionaire ^[注] , but at least I am a nerd.

我很感激哈佛大学授予我荣誉学位。这对我很重要，也许比你们想象的更重要。你们今天早上可能已经听说了，从学术上来说，我在我家是个失败者。我的两个兄弟都获得了哈佛学位。我哥哥吉尔伯特在河下游的那所大学获得了物理学博士学位之后，又在哈佛大学获得了医学博士学位；我弟弟摩根，你们刚刚已在学校监管理事会那里听到了他的名字，拿到了哈佛大学法律学位。我本人得到诺贝尔奖的时候，我想母亲会很高兴。但是，我错了。消息公布的那天早上，我给她打电话，她只回答说：“不错，不过，你下次什么时候来看我？”如今在我们兄弟当中，我最后一个拿到了哈佛大学的学位，我想这一次，或许她会感到满意。

I am grateful to receive an honorary degree from Harvard, an honor that means more to me than you might care to imagine. As you may have heard this morning, I was the academic failure of my family. Both my brothers have degrees from Harvard. My older brother, Gilbert, after getting a Ph.D. in physics from that other school down the river, got an M.D. Ph.D from Harvard. My younger brother, Morgan Chu, who you've just heard his name today at the Board of Overseers, has a law degree. When I was awarded a Nobel Prize, I thought my mother would be pleased. Not so. I called her on the morning of the announcement, she replied,“That's nice, but when are you going to visit me next?” Now, as the last brother with a degree from Harvard, maybe, at last, she will be pleased.

在哈佛大学毕业典礼上发表演讲，还有一个让人为难地地方，那就是有些毕业生可能不赞成我借用前人演讲中说过的内容，以及其他人说过的话。我请你们谅解我，有两个原因。

Another difficulty with giving a Harvard commencement address is that some students may disapprove ^[注] of the fact that I will borrow material from previous speeches, as well from others. I ask that you forgive me for two reasons.

首先，为了能让你们听进去，很重要的方法就是重复传递同样的信息。

First, in order to be heard, it is important to deliver the same message more than once.

其次，借鉴他人的作者，正走在一条由那些最优秀的前人所开辟的道路上。拉尔夫·瓦尔多·爱默生18岁从哈佛大学毕业时曾经写过这样的话：“我最好的一些思想都曾被古人偷用过。”画家毕加索曾称：“优秀的艺术家借鉴，伟大的艺术家偷窃。”那么，毕业典礼的演说者为什么就要受到高标准的限制呢？

Second, authors who borrow from others are following in the footsteps of ^[注] the best. Ralph Waldo Emerson, who graduated from Harvard at the age of 18, noted “All my best thoughts were stolen by the ancients.” Picasso ^[注] declared “Good artists borrow. Great artists steal.” Why should commencement speakers be held to a higher standard?

我还要指出一点，向哈佛毕业生发表演说，对我来说是有讽刺意味的，因为如果当年我斗胆向哈佛大学递交入学申请，一定会被拒绝。我的妻子迪恩·简，曾任斯坦福大学招生办公室主任，她明确地告诉我，如果当年我有机会申请斯坦福大学，她会拒绝我。当我把这篇演讲的草稿给她过目时，她强烈反对我使用“拒绝”这个词。她从来不拒绝任何申请者。在拒绝信中，她总是写：“我们无法给你提供入学机会。”我有些难以理解这两种说法到底有什么区别。说到底，那些顶尖名校的招生办公室主任实际上是“拒绝他人入学的主任”。很显然，我需要好好学学怎么来推销自己。

I also want to point out the irony ^[注] of speaking to graduates of an institution that would have rejected me, had I the chutzpah ^[注] to apply. I am married to “ Dean ^[注] Jean,” the former dean of admissions at Stanford. She assures me that she would have rejected me, if given the chance. When I showed her a draft ^[注] of this speech, she objected strongly to my use of the word “rejected”. She never rejected applicants; her letters stated “we are unable to offer an admission”. I have difficulty understanding the difference. After all, deans of admissions of highly selective schools are in reality, “deans of rejection”. Clearly, I have a lot to learn about marketing.

毕业典礼演讲都遵循古典奏鸣曲的结构，我的演讲也不例外。刚才呈现的是第一乐章——轻松愉快的闲谈。接下来的第二乐章是不请自来的忠告。这样的忠告很少被重视，总会被忘记，永远不会被采用。正如奥斯卡·王尔德所说：“对于好的忠告，你所能做的，就是把它传给别人，它对你自己没有任何用处。” 所以，我要把以下几点忠告传给你们了。

My address will follow the classical sonata ^[注] form of commencement addresses. The first movement, just presented, were light-hearted remarks. This next movement consists of unsolicited ^[注] advice, which is rarely valued, seldom remembered, never followed.As Oscar Wilde ^[注] said, “The only thing to do with good advice is to pass it on. It is never of any use to oneself.” So, here comes the advice.

第一，每次庆祝你所取得的成就时，要感激那些曾经助你一臂之力的人，要感谢你的父母和支持你的朋友，要感谢那些给你启迪的教授，尤其要感谢那些讲课不太出色的教授，因为这迫使你去自学。从长远看，自学能力是优秀的全面德智教育的特征，也将成为你成功的关键。你还要去拥抱你的同学，感谢他们同你进行过许多次彻夜讨论，这为你的教育增加了无法衡量的价值。当然，你还要感谢哈佛大学。不过即使你忘了这一点，校友会也会来提醒你的。

First, every time you celebrate an achievement, be thankful to those who made it possible. inspirational ^[注] , and especially thank the other professors whose less-than-brilliant lectures forced you to teach yourself. Going forward, the ability to teach yourself is the hallmark ^[注] of a great liberal arts education and will be the key to your success. To your fellow students who have added immeasurably to your education during those late night discussions, hug them. Also, of course, thank Harvard. Should you forget, there's an alumni association to remind you.Thank your parents and friends who supported you, thank your professors who were

第二，在你们未来的人生中，做一个慷慨大方的人。在任何谈判中，都不要为最后一点点利益讨价还价。要在桌上留下零钱。在合作中，不要总记着把功劳留给自己。成功合作的任何一方，都应获得全部功劳的九成。

Second, in your future life, cultivate a generous spirit. In all negotiations, don't bargain for the last, little advantage. collaborations ^[注] , always remember that“credit” is not a conserved quantity. In a successful collaboration, everybody gets 90 percent of the credit.Leave the change on the table. In your

电影《哈维》中，吉米·斯图尔特扮演的角色埃尔伍德·P·多德，就完全理解这一点。（请原谅，我并不是很相信吉米·斯图尔特的故事。但是……）他说：“多年前，母亲曾经对我说，‘在这个世上，埃尔伍德……她总是叫我埃尔伍德……活在这个世界上，你要么做一个聪明人，要么做一个快乐的人。’”我做聪明人，已经做了好多年了……但是，我劝你们做个快乐的人。你们可以引用我这句话。

Jimmy Stewart, as Elwood P. Dowd in the movie Harvey got it exactly right.（Now, forgive me, I don't really believe in Jimmy Stewart's story very well, but…）“Years ago my mother used to say to me, ‘In this world, Elwood, you must be… she always used to call me Elwood… in this world, Elwood, you must be oh so smart or oh so pleasant.’”Well, for years I was smart. ... I recommend pleasant. You may quote me on that.

我的第三个忠告是这样的：当你开始生活的新阶段时，请追着你的激情走。如果你没有激情，就不要安于现状，找到激情为止。生命太短暂，所以不能空手走过，你必须对某样东西倾注你的深情。我在你们这个年龄的时候，是极其专一的，我的目标就是非成为物理学家不可。本科毕业后，我在加州大学伯克利分校又待了8年，读完了研究生课程，获得了博士后学位，然后去贝尔实验室待了9年。在那些年中，我关注的重点和职业上的乐趣都来自物理学。

My third piece of advice is as follows: As you begin this new stage of your lives, follow your passion. If you don't have a passion, don't be satisfied until you find one. Life is too short to go through it without caring deeply about something. single-minded ^[注] in my goal to be a physicist. After college, I spent eight years as a graduate student and postdoc at Berkeley, and then nine years at Bell Labs. During that my time, my central focus and professional joy was physics.When I was your age, I was incredibly

我还有最后一个忠告，追求个人的兴趣爱好固然重要，但它不应是你唯一的目标。当你白发苍苍、垂垂老矣、回首人生之时，你想要为自己做过的事感到自豪。你所获得的物质财富和得到的赏识都不是这种自豪的源泉。只有那些受你影响、被你改变过的人和事，才会让你感到自豪。

Here is my final advice. Pursuing a personal passion is important, but it should not be your only goal. When you are old and gray, and look back on your life, you will want to be proud of what you have done. The source of that pride won't be the things you have acquired or the recognition you have received. It will be the lives you have touched and the difference you have made.

在贝尔实验室待了9年后，我决定离开这个温暖舒适的象牙塔，走进我所认为的“真实世界”——大学。我对贝尔实验室的看法，可以引用别人评价玛丽·波平斯的话，“几乎十全十美”。但是，我想为世界留下更多的东西，而不只是科学论文。我想要去教书，想要培育我自己在科学上的后代。

After nine years at Bell labs, I decided to leave the warm, cozy ivory tower ^[注] for what I considered to be the “real world”, a university. Bell Labs, to quote what was said about Mary Poppins ^[注] , was “practically perfect in every way”, but I wanted to leave behind something more than scientific articles. I wanted to teach and I wanted to give birth to my own set of scientific children.

我在斯坦福大学有一个好友兼优秀同事特德·格巴尔。他也是从伯克利分校去了贝尔实验室，几年前又来到了斯坦福大学。他对我们的这种动机做出了最佳描述，我引用一下：

Ted Geballe, a friend and distinguished ^[注] colleague of mine at Stanford, went from Berkeley to Bell Labs to Stanford years earlier, described our motives best, and I quote:

“在大学工作，最大的优点就是能和学生们在一起。他们精力充沛，充满热情，思想自由，还没在生活的挣扎中受伤。虽然他们自己还没有意识到，但他们是我们这个社会所能提供的最佳知识接受者。如果说一个人的思想曾经无所束缚且富有创造力，那么就是在大学期间。进校时，学生们认为课本是权威的，但最终他们会明白课本和教授并不是无所不知的，于是他们便开始独立思考。然后我就要开始向他们学习了。”

“The best part of working at a university is the students. They come in fresh, enthusiastic ^[注] , open to ideas, unscarred ^[注] by the battles of life. They don't realize it, but they're the recipients ^[注] of the best our society can offer. If a mind is ever free to be creative, that's the time. They come in believing textbooks are authoritative ^[注] , but eventually they figure out that textbooks and professors don't know everything, and then they start to think on their own. And then, I began learning from them.”

我在贝尔实验室、斯坦福大学和伯克利分校教过的学生、博士后朋友、一起工作过的年轻研究员们都非常优秀。以前团队的里，有30多人现在已经是教授了，很多人都在世界一流的研究机构工作，其中就包括哈佛大学。我从他们身上学到了很多东西。即使是现在，我周末偶尔还会和还在从事生物物理学研究的小组成员在网上见面。

My students, post doctoral fellows, and the young researchers who worked with me at Bell Labs, Stanford, and Berkeley have been extraordinary ^[注] . Over 30 former group members are now professors, many at the best research institutions in the world, including Harvard. I have learned much from them. Even now, in rare moments on weekends, the remaining members of my biophysics ^[注] group meet with me in the ether ^[注] world of cyberspace ^[注] .

我怀着回报社会的想法，开始了教学生涯。然而，我得到的多于所付出的。这就引出了这次演讲的最后一篇乐章。首先我要讲一个伟大的科学发现以及由此带来的新的困境。它是一个战斗的号令，到了做出改变的时候了。

I began teaching with the idea of giving back; but I received more than I gave. This brings me to the final movement of this speech. It begins with a story about an extraordinary scientific discovery and a new dilemma ^[注] it poses. It's a call to arms and about making a difference.

现在开始本次演讲的最后一章。过去几十年中，我们的气候一直在发生变化。气候变化并不是什么新现象：在过去的60万年中，地球就经历了6次冰河期。但是，最近的测量表明气候变化开始加速了。9月份，北极的冰盖面积只相当于50年前的一半。从1870年起，人们开始测量海平面上升的速度，现在海平面上升的速度是那时的5倍，自从有记载的测量以来，如今海平面在以5倍的速度上升。一个重大的科学发现就这样产生了。在人类历史上，科学第一次预测出我们的行为对今后50年到100年的世界会产生何种影响。这些变化的原因是，从工业革命开始以来，人类排放到大气中的二氧化碳增加了，这使得地球的气温自这次革命以来也上升了大约0.8摄氏度。即使我们现在立刻停止所有温室气体的排放，气温仍然将比过去上升大约1度。为什么呢？因为在气温达到新的均衡前，深海温度的上升将持续几十年。

So here's the movement. In the last several decades, our climate has been changing. Climate change is not new: the Earth went through six ice ages in the past 600,000 years. However, recent measurements show that the climate has begun to change rapidly. The size of the North Polar Ice Cap in the month of September is only half the size it was a mere 50 years ago. The sea level which has been rising since direct measurements began in 1870 is now five times faster, at a rate now five times faster, than at the beginning of recorded measurements. Here's the remarkable scientific discovery. For the first time in human history, science is now making predictions of how our actions will affect the world 50 and 100 years from now. These changes are due to an increase in carbon dioxide put into the atmosphere since the beginning of the Industrial Revolution. The Earth has warmed up by roughly 0.8 degrees Celsius ^[注] since the beginning of this Revolution. There is already approximately a 1 degree rise built into the system, even if we stop all greenhouse gas emissions today.Why? It will be decades to warm up the deep oceans before the temperature reaches a new equilibrium ^[注] .

联合国政府间气候变化专门委员会（IPCC）预测，如果全世界继续一切照旧地在这条路上走下去的话，本世纪末气温上升5度的可能性是50％。这听起来好像不多，但是我要提醒你，上一次的冰河期，地球的气温也仅仅下降了6度。那时，加拿大的大部分地区以及南下至美国的俄亥俄州和宾夕法尼亚州以下的土地，都终年被冰川覆盖。气温上升5度的地球将是一个截然不同的星球。由于气候变化得太快，包括人类在内的许多物种都将很难适应这一变化。比如，有人告诉我，在更温暖的环境中，昆虫的个头将变大。我不知道现在身旁嗡嗡叫的这个东西，是不是就是它们的前身。

If the world continues on a business-as-usual path, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change ^[注] predicts that there is a fifty-fifty chance the temperature will exceed 5 degrees by the end of this century. This increase may not sound like much, but let me remind you that during the last ice age, the world was only 6 degrees colder. During this time, most of Canada and the United States down to Ohio and Pennsylvania were covered year round by a glacier ^[注] . A world 5 degrees warmer will be very different. The change will be so rapid that many species, including Humans, will have a hard time adapting. I've been told for example, that, in a much warmer world, insects were bigger. I wonder if this thing buzzing ^[注] around is a precursor ^[注] .

我们还面临另一个威胁，那就是非线性的“气候引爆点”，这会带来许多更严重的变化。“气候临界”的一个例子就是永久冻土层的融化。永久冻土层经过千万年的累积形成，其中包含了大量被冻僵的有机物。如果冻土融化，微生物就将广泛繁殖，使得冻土层中的有机物快速腐烂。冷冻后和冷冻前的生物在生物学特性上的差异，我们都很熟悉。在冷库中，冷冻食品在经过长时间保存后，依然可以食用。但是，一旦解冻，食品很快就腐烂了。腐烂的永久冻土层将释放出多少甲烷和二氧化碳？即使只有一小部分的二氧化碳被释放出来，可能也比我们自工业革命开始以来所释放出的所有温室气体还要多。这种事情一旦发生，局势就失控了。

We also face the specter ^[注] of nonlinear ^[注] “tipping points” that may cause much more severe changes. An example of a tipping point is the thawing ^[注] of the permafrost ^[注] . The permafrost contains immense ^[注] amounts of frozen organic matter that have been accumulating for millennia ^[注] . If the soil melts, the microbes ^[注] will spring to life and cause this debris ^[注] to rot. The difference in biological activity below freezing and above freezing is something we are all familiar with. Frozen food remains edible ^[注] for a very long time in the freezer, but once thawed, it spoils quickly. How much methane ^[注] and carbon dioxide might be released from the rotting permafrost? If even a fraction of the carbon is released, it could be greater than all the greenhouse gases we have released since the beginning of the industrial revolution. Once started, a runaway ^[注] effect could occur.

气候问题是我们经济发展的成功在无意中带来的后果。我们依靠化石能源在冬天取暖、夏天制冷、夜间照明、长途旅行、环球观光。能源是经济繁荣的基础，我们不可能放弃经济繁荣。美国人口占全世界的3％，但是我们却消耗全世界25％的能源。与此形成对比的是，全世界还有16亿人没有用上电，成千上万的人靠燃烧树枝和粪便来煮饭。发展中国家的人民享受不到我们的生活，但是他们都看在眼里，他们渴望拥有我们拥有的东西。

The climate problem is the unintended consequence of our success. We depend on fossil energy to keep our homes warm in the winter, cool in the summer, and lit at night; we use it to travel across town and across continents. Energy is a fundamental reason for the prosperity we enjoy, and we will not surrender this prosperity. The United States has 3 percent of the world population, and yet, we consume 25 percent of the energy. By contrast, there are 1.6 billion people who don't have access to electricity. Hundreds of millions of people still cook with twigs ^[注] or dung ^[注] . The life we enjoy may not be within the reach of the developing world, but it is within sight, and they want what we have.

这就是困境。全世界作为一个整体，我们到底愿意付出多少来减轻气候变化所带来的后果？这种后果至少在100年内还不会显现。代际责任的观念深深植根于所有文化中。父母为了让他们的孩子有更好的生活而努力工作。气候变化将影响整个世界，但是我们的天性使得我们只关心近代个人家庭幸福。我们能不能把全世界看作一个整体，为子孙后代承担起责任？

Here is the dilemma. How much are we willing to invest, as a world society, to mitigate ^[注] the consequences of climate change that will not be realized for at least 100 years? Deeply rooted in all cultures, is the notion of generational responsibility. Parents work hard so that their children will have a better life. Climate change will affect the entire world, but our natural focus is on the welfare of our immediate families. Can we, as a world society, meet our responsibility to future generations?

虽然我忧心忡忡，但还是充满希望，这个问题将会得到解决。我担任劳伦斯·伯克利国家实验室的主任，部分原因是我想招募一些世界上最好的科学家，来帮助应对气候变化的问题。我在那里干了4年半，是这个实验室78年的历史中任期最短的主任。但是当我离任时，在伯克利实验室和伯克利分校，一些非常激动人心的能源研究机构已经建立起来了。

While I am worried, I am hopeful we will solve this problem. I became the director of the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, in part because I wanted to enlist ^[注] some of the best scientific minds to help battle against climate change. I was there only four and a half years, the shortest serving director in the 78-year history of the Lab, but when I left, a number of very exciting energy institutes at the Berkeley Lab and UC Berkeley had been established.

能够成为奥巴马政府的一员，我感到极其荣幸。如果有一个时机可以引导美国和全世界走上能源可持续发展的道路，那么这个时机就是现在。

I am extremely privileged ^[注] to be part of the Obama administration. If there ever was a time to help steer ^[注] America and the world towards a path of sustainable energy, now is the time.

奥巴马总统传达的信息是，未来并非黯淡无望，而是乐观的，我们依然有机会。我也抱有这种乐观态度。我们面前的任务令人生畏，但是我们能够并且将会成功。

The message the President is delivering is not one of doom and gloom ^[注] , but of optimism and opportunity. I share this optimism. The task ahead is daunting ^[注] , but we can and will succeed.

我们已经有了一些答案，可以立竿见影且颇为有效地提高能源使用效率和节约能源。它们不是挂在枝头容易摘得的水果，而是已经成熟掉在地上了（就看我们愿不愿意捡起来）。比如，我们有办法将楼宇的耗能减少80％，为此增加的投资在15年内就可以收回来。楼宇的耗能占我们能源消耗的40％，节能楼宇的成功过渡将使二氧化碳的排放量减少三分之一。

We know some of the answers already. There are immediate and significant savings in energy efficiency and conservation. Energy efficiency is not just low-hanging fruit; it is fruit lying on the ground. For example, we have the potential to make buildings 80 percent more efficient with investments that will pay for themselves in less than 15 years. Buildings consume 40 percent of the energy we use,and a transition ^[注] to energy efficient buildings will cut our carbon emissions by one-third.

我们正在加速美国这座巨大的创新机器的运转，这将是再次繁荣的基础。我们将发明出有效利用太阳能、风能、核能的更为先进的方法，发明能够收集和隔离电厂所排放的二氧化碳的方法。先进的生物燃料和电力汽车将会使我们减少对外国石油的依赖。

We are revving ^[注] up the remarkable American innovation machine that will be the basis of a new prosperity. We will invent much improved methods to harness ^[注] the sun, the wind, nuclear power, and capture and sequester ^[注] the carbon dioxide emitted from our power plants. Advanced bio-fuels and the electrification ^[注] of personal vehicles will make us less dependent on foreign oil.

在未来的几十年中，我们几乎肯定会面对更高的油价和更严格的限制碳排放的经济政策。这是一场新的工业革命，我们有机会成为领头军。当问及伟大的冰球选手韦恩·格雷茨基如何在冰上跑位时，他回答说：“我会滑向冰球将要去的位置，而不是它现在所处的位置。”美国也应该这样做。

In the coming decades, we will almost certainly face higher oil prices and be in a carbon- constrained ^[注] economy. We have the opportunity to lead in development of a new, industrial revolution. The great hockey ^[注] player, Wayne Gretzky, when asked, how he positions himself on the ice, he replied, “I skate to where the puck is going to be, not where it's been.”America should do the same.

奥巴马政府正在为一个繁荣和可持续能源的未来奠定新的基础。但是我们没有所有问题的答案。这就需要你们的参与。在本次演讲中，我请求在座的哈佛毕业生们加入我们。你们是我们未来的智慧与知识的领导者，请花时间深入了解什么问题棘手，然后采取相应的行动。你们是未来的科学家和工程师，我请求你们为我们提供更好的技术方案。你们是未来的经济学家和政治学家，我请求你们想出更好的政策方案。你们是未来的企业领导者，我请求你们将可持续发展作为你们企业中不可分割的一部分。

The Obama administration is laying a new foundation for a prosperous and sustainable energy future, but we don't have all of the answers. That's where you come in. In this address, I am asking you, the Harvard graduates, to join us. As our future intellectual leaders, take time to learn more about what's at stake ^[注] , and then act on that knowledge. As future scientists and engineers, I ask you to give us better technology solutions. As future economists and political scientists, I ask you to create better policy options. As future business leaders, I ask that you make sustainability an integral ^[注] part of your business.

最后，你们是人道主义者，我请求你们对人类的普遍的劣根性发难。气候变化所带来的最残酷的讽刺之一就是，最受伤害的人恰恰就是那些最无辜的人：即世界上最穷苦的人和那些还没出生的人。

Finally, as humanists, I ask that you speak to our common humanity. One of the cruelest ironies about climate change is that the ones who will be hurt the most are the most innocent: the world's poorest and those yet to be born.

在这最后一个乐章的结尾，我想引用两位人道主义者的话。

The coda ^[注] to this last movement is borrowed from two humanists.

第一段引语来自马丁·路德·金。这是1967年他就结束越南战争发表的评论，但是他所传达的讯息似乎非常适合用来评论今天的气候危机，他是这么说的：

The first quote is from Martin Luther King. He spoke on ending the war in Vietnam in 1967, but his message seems so fitting for today's climate crisis, I quote:

“我呼吁全世界的人民团结一心，清除部落、种族、阶级和国籍的隔阂；我其实是在呼吁一种包容一切的、无条件的对全人类的爱。这个观点经常被人误会和曲解，会很容易被信奉尼采哲学的世人所摒弃，并将其视为软弱和胆怯的表现。但是，现在它已成为人类继续存在所必需的力量……朋友们，眼前的事实就是，明天就是今天。此刻，我们今天正面临着紧急的情况。在变幻莫测的生命和历史之中，有一样东西叫做‘悔之晚矣’。”

“This call for a worldwide fellowship that lifts neighborly concern beyond one's tribe, race, class, and nation is in reality a call for an all-embracing ^[注] and unconditional love for all mankind. This of-misunderstood, this oft ^[注] -misinterpreted concept, so readily dismissed by the Nietzsches ^[注] of the world as a weak and cowardly ^[注] force, has now become an absolute necessity for the survival of man… We are now faced with the fact, my friends, that tomorrow is today. We are confronted with the fierce urgency of now. In this unfolding conundrum ^[注] of life and history, there is such a thing as being too late.”

第二段引语来自威廉·福克纳。1950年12月10日，他在诺贝尔奖获奖晚宴上发表演说，谈到的话题是有关世界面临潜在核灾难的情况下，人道主义者应该扮演什么样的角色，他是这么说的：

The final message is from William Faulkner. On December 10th,1950, his Nobel Prize banquet speech was about the role of humanists in a world facing potential nuclear holocaust ^[注] , I quote:

“我相信人类不仅仅会存在，他还将胜利。人类是不朽的，这并不是因为万物生灵当中唯独他拥有无尽的发言权，而是因为他有一个灵魂，一种有同情心、甘于牺牲和能够忍耐的精神。诗人、作家的责任就是书写这种精神。他们有权力去鼓舞振作人们，助其具备忍耐的精神，并使人们忆起过去曾使他无比光荣的东西——即勇气、荣誉、希望、自豪、同情、怜悯与献身精神，以此助其具备忍耐的精神。”

“I believe that man will not merely endure: he will prevail. He is immortal, not because he among creatures has an inexhaustible ^[注] voice, but because he has a soul, a spirit capable of compassion and sacrifice and endurance. The poet's, the writer's, duty is to write about these things. It is his privilege ^[注] to help man endure by lifting his heart, by reminding him of the courage and the honor and hope and pride and compassion ^[注] and pity and sacrifice ^[注] which have been the glory of his past.”

各位毕业生，你们在我们的未来中扮演着举足轻重的角色。当你们追求自己所热爱的事业时，我希望你们也会发扬奉献精神，积极呼吁，在大大小小各个方面帮助改善这个世界。这会给你们带来巨大的满足感。

Graduates, you have an extraordinary role to play in our future. As you pursue ^[注] your private passions, I hope you will also develop a passion and a voice to help the world in ways both large and small. Nothing will give you greater satisfaction.

最后，请接受我最热烈的祝贺。祝愿你们前程似锦，也希望你们保护和拯救我们这个星球，为了你们的孩子，以及这个世界上所有的子孙后代。

Please accept my warmest congratulations. May you prosper ^[注] , may you help preserve ^[注] and save our planet for your children, and all future children of the world. UNGHqfDkKZ1LCx+6V6+elV5Kyri7jDlR6UXT3DVUwd2yqpuWd5OYHiUhbsQc25UP