下载掌阅APP，畅读海量书库
立即打开
略读是一种非常实用的阅读技巧，也可以叫做跳读或浏览。但是，这里的跳读不是随便地跳过，浏览不是毫无目的地浏览。我们要在略读的同时准确获取文章大意和主旨。也就是，略读是在阅读的过程中跳过细枝末节，抓住文章主干，从而加快阅读速度的一种方法。
首先，注意文章的标题，标题往往是文章的主题，也就是作者写这篇文章的主旨，我们可以先根据文章的标题大致猜测作者要说什么，了解作者的思路，把握全局。
如标题How to Clean Up Your Kids' Clutter Creatively，从标题我们看出作者写作的意图是教大家怎样有创意地整理孩子杂乱的物品，那么文章的内容就是教大家整理物品的方法了。再如标题Family Travel，从这个标题我们大概可知是关于家庭一起旅游的文章。
其次，浏览全文，从文章的开头入手，力求找出文章的主旨、写作背景和作者的观点态度。
For example
It is necessary to consider another point in examining the character of these principalities: that is, whether a prince has such power that, in case of need, he can support himself with his own resources, or whether he has always needed of the assistance of others. And to make this quite clear I say that I consider those who are able to support themselves by their own resources who can, either by abundance of men or money, raise a sufficient army to join battle against any one who comes to attack them; and I consider those always to have need of others who cannot show themselves against the enemy in the field, but are forced to defend themselves by sheltering behind walls. The first case has been discussed, but we will speak of it again should it recur. In the second case one can say nothing except to encourage such princes to provision and fortify their towns, and not on any account to defend the country. And whoever shall fortify his town well, and shall have managed the other concerns of his subjects in the way stated above, and to be often repeated, will never be attacked without great caution, for men are always adverse to enterprises where difficulties can be seen, and it will be seen not to be an easy thing to attack one who has his town well fortified, and is not hated by his people.
※ 文中斜体加粗的部分表达的就是本段的主旨。
再次，阅读段落，找出主题句。一般情况下，段首就是主题句，但是也有将主题句放在段尾的情况，然后大致了解该段所要表达的大意。
For example
What do kids learn in the kitchen? I've found that when kids cook, they are more likely to taste new foods and, well, eat dinner! More than once, I've watched in dismay as my children refused to eat what I'd prepared. But when they are involved in the cooking, they are invested in the meal.
※ 首先看段首，是个问句，引出下文，再看段尾才是主题句，作者旨在说明孩子在参与做饭的过程中所具有的创造力。
最后，注意连词的使用，往往在连词的后面表达的是作者想要强调或提出的观点态度或中心思想。
For example
Because such a government, being created by the prince, knows that it cannot stand without his friendship and interest, and does it utmost to support him;and therefore he who would keep a city accustomed to freedom will hold it more easily by the means of its own citizens than in any other way.
※ 连词therefore后面的语句才是作者想要表达的观点。
寻读也是泛读的一种，也叫查读，就是先看问题，再带着问题在文章中寻找答案，这样可以提高阅读的效率，更加有针对性。采用寻读的阅读方法，最直接的目的就是为问题寻找答案，我们常常会在考试的阅读理解题型中使用这一方法技巧，目的就是既准确又快速地找到答案。使用寻读的阅读技巧时，我们不必全篇内容都通读，只要找到与问题相关的段落，再仔细阅读该段，找出问题的答案即可。
那么，使用寻读的阅读技巧的步骤是什么呢？
首先，阅读问题，找出问题的关键词，并记在心中。比如我们常常在阅读理解的题型中有这样的问题，What is the author's attitude towards the…？那么，问题的关键词就是author's attitude，我们在寻找答案时就要找到体现作者观点态度的句子。
其次，带着关键词，从上到下阅读文章。根据笔者的经验，在应试答题中，往往问题对应的段落也是固定的，即第一题的答案肯定在第一、二段中，以此对应，最后一题在末尾几段中寻找答案。所以，我们在带着问题找答案时，一定要一个问题找完再找另一个问题，防止混乱。
最后，找到关键词所在的段落，仔细阅读该段寻找答案，如果还找不出答案，再联系上下段寻找答案。
但是，我们也不排除问题与答案位置不对应的情况，那么怎样快速准确找到答案所在的位置呢？我们可以参考以下技巧：
①观察文章的编排顺序
文章按照正叙或倒叙的方式编排，也有按照分类的顺序编排，我们可以根据文章的逻辑排列顺序寻找答案的位置。
For example
If You're the No-nonsense Type: Bodyweight Training
What it is: A back-to-basics approach to strength training that is great for beginners, where you use your body weight to strengthen muscles—no equipment required. This workout can be done in the gym or your living room, and eliminates the time and hassle of set-up. Finally, no extra gear means zero expenses for getting in shape—one less excuse for putting off exercise.
Try it: Push-ups, squats, lunges and sit-ups are all bodyweight staples, as found in the Fit Deck Bodyweight app, available on iTunes.ca
If You Think You Can Dance: Belly-fit
What it is: Since the rise of Zumba, fitness studios and recreation centres have loaded up on dance-inspired classes. Try low-impact Belly-fit, a Canadian holistic program that borrows from mind-body trends like yoga and Pilates, plus dance forms like Bollywood, belly dancing and African dance. One-hour classes include cardio, core training and meditation.
Try it: For belly fit locations near you.
如果我们的问题是关于the No-nonsense Type的就在前三段中寻找答案；如果是关于dance或belly-fit的问题就在后三段中寻找答案。
②利用文章标题或主题句
首先观察文章标题或每段的主题句，确定哪一段包含自己所需要的答案，或者哪一部分与寻找的答案有关联，然后直接跳到那个部分进行寻找。
③抓提示词
在找到所包含答案信息的段落之后，要留心与之有关的提示词。找到相关的提示词，然后再采用平时我们阅读的方式去寻找所需要的答案。
For example
If You're Adventurous: Obstacle Runs
What it is: Intense team-based obstacle courses and running events usually held in the mud. Popular events include Tough Mudder, Spartan Race and Nova Scotia's own MudCraft. While some runs have a reputation for being downright gruelling—obstacles that require you to scale and jump off a three-metre wall into icy water—others have more of a playground feel. “Many obstacle course races require you to do things that you probably did as a child but got away from—crawling, climbing, running and getting muddy, ”says Rod Macdonald, vice-president of Canfitpro in Toronto. There's also an appealing social aspect to these events—participants often work in teams, and many races serve beer at the finish line.
Try it: To find a mud run in your area.
※ 这一段文字中加粗的部分都是提示词，可以根据提示词出现的位置寻找答案。
快速阅读的能力不是一蹴而就的，需要我们在平时多加练习，逐步积累，才能达到快速的效果。但是快速阅读也有一定的技巧可以利用，以此来帮助我们提高阅读的速度。
①理清逻辑关系
逻辑关系不仅仅只是句子内部的逻辑关系，还包括句子与句子之间、段落与段落之间的逻辑关系，只有理清这些逻辑关系才能更快速地理解文章大意，才能提高阅读的效率。
这些逻辑关系包括：
◆并列关系：使用的连词有and, or等。
◆递进关系：使用的连词有then, besides, what's more, moreover, in addition等。
◆转折关系：使用的连词有but, however, yet, while等。
◆因果关系：使用的连词有therefore, due to, as a result, because, for等。
For example
The cities of Germany are absolutely free, they own but little country around them, and they yield obedience to the emperor when it suits them, nor do they fear this or any other power they may have near them, because they are fortified in such a way that everyone thinks the taking of them by assault would be tedious and difficult, seeing they have proper ditches and walls, they have sufficient artillery, and they always keep in public depots enough for one year's eating,drinking,and firing. And beyond this , to keep the people quiet and without loss to the state, they always have the means of giving work to the community in those labors that are the life and strength of the city, and on the pursuit of which the people are supported;they also hold military exercises in repute,and moreover have many ordinances to uphold them.
※ 在这段话中的连词，可以很好地体现与上下句的关系，如because后面的句子是对前句的解释；and beyond this/and/moreover都是对解释的补充，也就是对because的补充。
②标点符号的作用
标点符号在文中都有各自的作用，有些标点符号可以很好地向我们展示句子或生词的含义，从而理解文章。比如破折号、引号或括号的使用，就是后面的句子在解释前面的生词或句子。我们就可以根据后面的解释来理解前文，而不必纠结在对前文的分析中，从而加快阅读的速度。
For example
I grew up playing ringette (similar to hockey but played with a straight stick and ring instead of a bladed stick and puck) and danced.
※ 该句中括号里的句子是在解释括号前面的单词ringette，我们就可以根据句子判断它是类似曲棍球一类的游戏。
However, policies to reduce the penalty from working—such as earned income tax credits—have been quite successful to increase incentives to work at the bottom end of the skill and income distribution.
※ 破折号中间的例子用来介绍工作中处罚的内容，从而理解本句的意思。
③特殊符号或数字的使用
我们可以根据有些文章中使用特殊符号标记某处，或表示时间的数字在文中出现的位置来确定出现的是细节问题，如果问题中有涉及这些的细节题可以仔细阅读此处，如果是想寻找文章大意，可忽略此处细节，从而提高阅读速度。
For example
For example, the average price of a Big Mac in America in July 2014 was $4.80; in China it was only $2.73 at market exchange rates. So the“raw” Big Mac index says that the yuan was undervalued by 43% at that time.
※ 看到for example，我们就知道这是在举例，是细节问题，再看这句话中出现的数字，如果问题中有关于这些数字的，再找到该段细读寻找答案，如果只是想找出文章大意，可先忽略此段，从而提高速度。
