作者讲解
问: 完形填空中的逻辑推理法的核心是什么?
答: 要回答这个问题,首先必须搞清楚完形填空重点考什么。完形填空考查的是考生运用基础知识进行逻辑推理的综合能力。也就是说,完形填空主要考查考生的逻辑推理能力。而逻辑推理法的核心就是利用已知线索来推断未知线索。切记,在解答完形填空的过程中,要少用自我想象,一定要借助已知推断未知!
问: 逻辑推理法的解题关键是什么?
答: 逻辑推理法的核心是利用已知线索推断未知线索。那么寻找已知线索就是完形填空逻辑推理法的解题关键所在。很多考生在解题的时候过于依赖自我想象,而没有重点关注已知线索,所以错误率非常高。那么,已知线索在哪儿?记住,完形填空中没有设空的句子就是宝贵的已知线索。一定要好好研读每一个空格前后的线索,它们就是宝贵的已知条件,就是解题的关键所在。
A.已知上文线索推断未知下文
▶真题再现
When I was 13, my only purpose was to become the star on our football team . That meant 1 Miller King, who was the best 2 at our school.
Football season started in September and all summer long I worked out . I carried my football everywhere for 3 .
Just before September, Miller was struck by a car and lost his right arm . I went to see him after he came back from 4 . He looked very 5 , but he didn’t cry.
1. A. cheering for
B. beating out
C. relying on
D. staying with
2. A. coach
B. student
C. teacher
D. player
3. A. practice
B. show
C. comfort
D. pleasure
4. A. school
B. vacation
C. hospital
D. training
5. A. pale
B. calm
C. relaxed
D. ashamed
解析:
1. 根据上文线索my only purpose was to become the star on our football team可知,“我”要成为所在足球队的球星就意味着要打败米勒·金,所以答案为B。
2. 根据上文线索可知,打败米勒·金之后“我”才能成为足球队的明星,为什么前提条件是这个?因为米勒·金是我们学校最好的球员, 所以答案为D。
3. 根据上文线索all summer long I worked out可知,“我”整个夏天都在训练,work out在此处有“训练,锻炼”的意思。另外,从文章第一段的已知线索my only purpose was to become the star on our football team也可以推断出来,要成为球星肯定需要practice,所以答案为A。
4. 根据上文线索Miller was struck by a car and lost his right arm可知,米勒出车祸后失去了右胳膊,“我”看望他应是在他从医院回来之后,所以答案为C。
5. 根据上文线索Miller was struck by a car and lost his right arm以及he came back from hospital可知,米勒出了车祸,从医院回来一定是脸色苍白,所以答案为A。
B. 已知下文线索推断未知上文
▶真题再现
My daughter plays on a recreational soccer team. They did very well this season and so 1 a tournament, which normally was only for more skilled club teams. This led to some 2 experiences on Saturday as they played against teams 3 trained. Through the first two games, her team did not get one serious shot on goal . As a parent, I 4 seeing my daughter playing her best , 5 still defeated .
1. A. won
B. entered
C. organized
D. watched
2. A. painful
B. strange
C. common
D. practical
3. A. less
B. poorly
C. newly
D. better
4. A. imagined
B. hated
C. avoided
D. missed
5. A. if
B. or
C. but
D. as
解析:
第1题的解答需要借助下文线索,从下文线索as they played against teams可知“我”女儿所在的足球队接下来要与另一支球队比赛,所以此处不可能是“赢得了锦标赛”,而是“入围了锦标赛”,所以答案为B。
第2题到第4题都需要利用下文线索her team did not get one serious shot on goal和still defeated来解答。从这两处可知,“我”女儿的球队没有进球的机会,最后的结果是输了,所以第2题应该选A,表示“痛苦的”经历;第3题选D,对方的球队赢了,可知对方应该是更训练有素的球队;第4题选B,“我”作为家长肯定不喜欢看到自己女儿所在的球队输球。
第5题需要综合上文线索playing her best和下文线索still defeated来解答,由best和defeated可知前后为语义转折关系,所以答案为C。
在解答完形填空题时,根据具体情况,既要运用已知上文线索推断未知下文,也要运用已知下文线索推断未知上文。请看下面的真题示例:
▶真题再现一
Dad had a green comb. He bought it when he married Mum. Every night, he would hand me his 1 and say, “Good girl, help Daddy clean it , OK?”
I was 2 to do it. At age five, this dull task brought me such 3 . I would excitedly turn the tap 4 and brush the comb carefully. Satisfied that I’d done a good job, I would happily return the comb to Dad. He would 5 affectionately at me and place the comb on his wallet.
1. A. bag
B. wallet
C. comb
D. brush
2. A. annoyed
B. relieved
C. ashamed
D. pleased
3. A. joy
B. sadness
C. courage
D. pain
4. A. out
B. over
C. in
D. on
5. A. stare
B. smile
C. shout
D. laugh
解析:
1. 已知上文推断未知下文:根据上文线索Dad had a green comb可知本题答案为C,是原词重现。
2. 已知下文推断未知上文:根据下文的excitedly, satisfied, happily可知“我”很高兴为父亲做这件事情,所以答案为D。
3. 已知下文推断未知上文:根据下文的excitedly, satisfied, happily可知,这个枯燥的任务给“我”带来了快乐,所以答案为A。
4. 已知上文推断未知下文:根据上文中的help Daddy clean it和the tap可知,清洗梳子要打开水龙头,所以答案为D,turn on意为“打开”。turn out意为“结果是,证明是”,turn over意为“翻转”,turn in意为“交还”。
5. 已知上文推断未知下文:上文介绍“我”高兴地接受了爸爸给的任务,开心地将梳子清洗干净,所以爸爸应该是对“我”微笑,所以答案为B。laugh at意为“嘲笑”,不符合原文语境。
▶真题再现二
During my second year at the city college, I was told that the education department was offering a “free” course , called Thinking Chess, for three credits. I jumped at the idea of taking the class because, after all, who doesn’t want to 1 a few dollars? More than that, I’d always wanted to learn chess . And, even if I weren’t 2 enough about free credits, news about our 3 was appealing enough to me . He was an international grandmaster , which meant I would be learning from one of the game’s 4 . I could hardly wait to 5 him.
1. A. waste
B. earn
C. save
D. pay
2. A. excited
B. worried
C. moved
D. tired
3. A. title
B. competitor
C. textbook
D. instructor
4. A. fastest
B. easiest
C. best
D. rarest
5. A. interview
B. meet
C. challenge
D. beat
解析:
1. 已知上文推未知下文:根据上文线索the education department was offering a “free” course可知,教育系开办了一门免费的课程,因此去学习这门课程的人可以不用花钱,即他们可以节约一部分钱,所以正确答案为C。
2. 已知上文推未知下文:根据上文线索I’d always wanted to learn chess可知,“我”一直很想学象棋,因此对于能够免费学习象棋,“我”应该感到兴奋,所以正确答案为A。
3. 已知下文推未知上文:根据下文线索He was an international grandmaster可知,此处指的是这门课程的教师,所以正确答案为D。
4. 已知上文推未知下文:根据上文线索He was an international grandmaster可知,他是一位国际象棋大师,也就是象棋下得最好的人之一,所以正确答案为C。
5. 已知上文推未知下文:根据上文线索appealing enough to me和He was an international grandmaster可知,对于这样一位国际级别的大师,“我”应该是迫不及待地想见到他,所以正确答案为B。
▶真题再现三
Raynor Winn and her husband Moth became homeless due to their wrong investment . Their savings had been 1 to pay lawyers’ fees. To make matters worse , Moth was diagnosed (诊断) with a 2 disease. There was no 3 , only pain relief .
Failing to find any other way out, they decided to make a 4 journey, as they caught sight of an old hikers’ ( 徒步旅行者 ) guide.
1. A. drawn up
B. used up
C. backed up
D. kept up
2. A. mild
B. common
C. preventable
D. serious
3. A. cure
B. luck
C. care
D. promise
4. A. business
B. walking
C. bus
D. rail
解析:
1. 已知上文推未知下文:根据上文线索Raynor Winn and her husband Moth became homeless due to their wrong investment可知,这对夫妇因为投资失败导致无家可归,所以为了支付律师费,他们应该是花光了所有的积蓄,因此正确答案为B。
2. 已知上文推未知下文:根据上文线索To make matters worse可知,莫斯的情况给这对无家可归的夫妇的境况雪上加霜,因此他应该是被诊断患上了一种严重的疾病,所以正确答案为D。
3. 已知下文推未知上文:根据下文线索only pain relief可知,这种疾病治疗只能缓解疼痛,因此上文应该是说这种病没有治愈的方法,所以正确答案为A。
4. 已知下文推未知上文:根据下文线索as they caught sight of an old hikers’ guide可知,他们在看到一本旧的徒步旅行指南后决定进行一次徒步旅行,所以正确答案为B。
下面的真题中已将已知线索加粗,主要目标是训练同学们养成寻找已知线索的习惯。
During the war, my husband was stationed at an army camp in a desert in California. I went to live there in order to be 1 him. I hated the place . I had never 2 been so unhappy. My husband was ordered out on a long-term duty, and I was left in a tiny shack (棚屋) alone . The heat was 3 — almost 125°F even in the shade of a cactus (仙人掌). 4 a soul to talk to. The wind blew non-stop, and all the food I ate, and the very air I breathed , were 5 with sand , sand, sand!
I was so sorry for myself that I wr o te to my parents . I told them I was 6 and coming back home . I said I couldn’t stand it one minute longer . I 7 be in prison! My father answered my 8 with just two lines—two lines that will always sing in my 9 — two lines that completely changed my life :
Two men looked out from prison bars,
One saw the mud, the other saw the stars.
I read those two lines 10 . I was ashamed of myself. I made up my mind I would find out what was good in my present 11 ; I would look for the stars.
I made friends with the natives, and their 12 amazed me . They gave me presents of their favorite artworks which they had 13 to sell to tourists. I studied the delightful forms of the cactus. I watched for the desert sunsets, and 14 for seashells that had been left there millions of years ago when the sands of desert had been an ocean 15 .
What brought about this 16 change in me? The desert hadn’t changed, 17 I had. I had changed my 18 . And by doing so, I changed an unhappy experience into the most amazing 19 of my life. I was excited by this new world that I had discovered. I had looked out of my self-created prison and 20 the stars.
1. A. off
B. behind
C. near
D. beyond
2. A. before
B. already
C. then
D. still
3. A. inflexible
B. incomprehensible
C. uncontrollable
D. unbearable
4. A. Only
B. Not
C. Many
D. Such
5. A. covered
B. filled
C. buried
D. charged
6. A. catching up
B. keeping up
C. giving up
D. getting up
7. A. ought to
B. might well
C. would rather
D. had better
8. A. request
B. call
C. question
D. letter
9. A. comparison
B. imagination
C. consideration
D. memory
10. A. over and over
B. by and by
C. up and down
D. now and then
11. A. company
B. occupation
C. situation
D. relationship
12. A. movement
B. reaction
C. guidance
D. purpose
13. A. refused
B. failed
C. managed
D. happened
14. A. asked
B. hunted
C. waited
D. headed
15. A. floor
B. surface
C. rock
D. level
16. A. shocking
B. challenging
C. puzzling
D. astonishing
17. A. as
B. but
C. for
D. or
18. A. attitude
B. principle
C. identity
D. standard
19. A. vacation
B. operation
C. affair
D. adventure
20. A. sought
B. counted
C. found
D. reached
文章大意:作者讲述自己为了离丈夫近一些,住在他所在的沙漠军营里,寂寞的生活和艰苦的生活条件让作者难以忍受,她写信告诉父母要回家。父亲给她的回信中就两行字,但就是这两行字使作者改变了自己的人生态度。
1.【答案】C
选项翻译:A.远离 B. 在……后面 C. 靠近 D. 超过
解题分析:根据上文线索my husband was stationed at an army camp和I went to live there可知,“我”去住在丈夫的军营是为了离丈夫近些,所以答案选C。
2.【答案】A
选项翻译:A.(在……)之前 B. 已经 C. 然后 D. 仍然
解题分析:根据上文线索I hated the place可知,“我”不喜欢住在丈夫的军营,此处是说“我”之前从未如此不开心,所以答案选A。
3.【答案】D
选项翻译:A.不灵活的 B. 无法理解的 C. 无法控制的 D. 无法忍受的
解题分析:根据上文线索The heat和下文线索almost 125°F,可知那里热得让人无法忍受,所以答案选D。
4.【答案】B
选项翻译:A.仅仅 B. 没有 C. 很多 D. 这样的
解题分析:根据上文线索I was left in a tiny shack alone可知,“我”一个人被留在家里,没有人和“我”说话,所以答案选表示否定意义的B。
5.【答案】B
选项翻译:A.覆盖 B. 充满 C. 埋葬 D. 指控;要价
解题分析:根据上文线索the very air I breathed和下文出现三次的sand可知,“我”吃的食物和呼吸的空气里都充满了沙子,所以答案选B。注意选项A,be covered with意思是“被……覆盖”,空气不会被沙子覆盖住,此处用固定搭配be filled with合适。
6.【答案】C
选项翻译:A.赶上 B. 继续,持续 C. 放弃 D. 起床
解题分析:根据下文线索coming back home和I couldn’t stand it可知,“我”无法忍受军营的生活条件,打算回家,所以空格处是说“我”要放弃在军营生活,所以答案选C。
7.【答案】C
选项翻译:A.应该 B. 不妨,最好 C. 宁愿 D. 最好
解题分析:根据上文线索I couldn’t stand it one minute longer可知,此处是说,比起在沙漠中生活,“我”宁愿住在监狱里,以此强调“我”对军营生活的反感,所以答案选C。
8.【答案】D
选项翻译:A.请求 B. 电话 C. 问题 D. 信
解题分析:根据上文线索I wrote to my parents可知此处是说作者的爸爸回复了她的信,所以答案选D。
9.【答案】D
选项翻译:A. 对比 B. 想象 C. 考虑 D. 记忆
解题分析:根据下文线索two lines that completely changed my life可知,信里的这两行字完全改变了“我”的生活,那么这两行字应该是经常回荡在“我”记忆里的两行字,所以答案选D。
10.【答案】A
选项翻译:A.反复地 B. 不久以后 C. 上上下下 D. 时不时地
解题分析:根据上文线索two lines that completely changed my life可知,这两行字完全改变了“我”的生活,那么这两行字应该值得反复去阅读、品味或思索,所以答案选A。
11.【答案】C
选项翻译:A.公司;陪伴 B. 占据;职业 C. 状况,处境 D. 关系
解题分析:本题的解答要根据上文的整体语境,“我”在受到父亲的启发后,决定要挖掘自己当前处境的美好的一面,所以答案选C。
12.【答案】B
选项翻译:A.运动 B. 回应 C. 指导 D. 目的
解题分析:根据下文线索They gave me presents of their favorite artworks可知,他们送给“我”他们最喜欢的艺术品,这样的行为或回应让“我”很惊讶,所以答案选B。
13.【答案】A
选项翻译:A.拒绝 B. 失败 C. 设法完成 D. 碰巧发生
解题分析:根据上文线索amazed me和favorite artworks可知,这些艺术品是他们的最爱,他们不舍得卖给游客,所以答案选A。
14.【答案】B
选项翻译:A.寻问 B. 寻找 C. 等待 D. 前往
解题分析:根据下文线索seashells that had been left there millions of years ago可知,“我”寻找几百万年前就留在那里的贝壳,所以答案选B,hunt for意为“寻找”。
15.【答案】A
选项翻译:A.(海洋、山谷等的)底;地板 B. 表面 C. 岩石 D. 水平
解题分析:根据上文线索seashells that had been left there millions of years ago及地理知识可知,几百万年前,那里的沙漠曾经是海洋,固定搭配ocean floor意为“海床”,所以答案选A。
16.【答案】D
选项翻译:A.令人震惊的 B. 有挑战的 C. 令人困惑的 D. 令人惊讶的
解题分析:根据上文线索completely changed my life可知,“我”有了很大的改变,和当地人交流、看日落、找贝壳等,这些改变可谓十分令人惊讶,所以答案选D。shocking意为“令人震惊的”,多修饰有负面影响的事物,不符合此处语境。
17.【答案】B
选项翻译:A.正如;因为;随着 B. 但是 C. 因为 D. 或者
解题分析:根据上下文线索可知,“沙漠没有改变”和“‘我’变了”两者是语义转折关系,所以答案选B。
18.【答案】A
选项翻译:A.态度 B. 原则 C. 身份 D. 标准
解题分析:根据下文线索I changed an unhappy experience into the most amazing...可知,“我”在沙漠中生活的经历由令人不开心转变为十分精彩,究其原因是“我”改变了自己的人生态度,所以所以答案选A。
19.【答案】D
选项翻译:A.假期 B. 操作 C. 事务 D. 冒险;奇遇
解题分析:根据上一段内容可知,此处是说,“我”将不愉快的经历变成最令人惊叹的人生奇遇,adventure表示“有刺激性的经历,奇遇”,符合此处语境,所以答案选D。
20.【答案】C
选项翻译:A.寻找 B. 计算 C. 发现 D. 到达
解题分析:考查同义重现。根据上文线索I was excited by this new world that I had discovered可知,“我”已经发现了新世界,从自己创建的“牢笼”往外看,发现了星星。found为discovered的同义词,所以答案选C。
阅读下面短文,掌握其大意,然后从各题所给出的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
My fiancé (未婚夫) and I were excited about shopping for our first home. But our funds were 1 , and none of the houses in our price range seemed satisfactory.
One agent 2 a house in particular. Although her description sounded wonderful, the price was 3 our range, so we declined. But she kept urging us to have a look 4 .
We finally did and it was 5 at first sight. It was Our Home, small and charming, overlooking a quiet lake. Walking through the rooms and talking with the owners, a nice elderly couple, we felt the warmth and 6 of the marriage within that home. As perfect as it was, the price remained too high for us. But every day, we would sit by the lake, looking at the house and dreaming of 7 it would be like to live there.
Days later, we made a(n) 8 —far below the asking price. Surprisingly, they didn’t 9 us. They renewed their offer 10 . It was also much more than we could afford, but far 11 than the original asking price.
The next day, we got a 12 message that another buyer had offered a much higher price. Even so, we decided to talk with the 13 directly. We made our final offer, which 14 was thousands of dollars less than the other buyer’s bid. We knew it, 15 we had to try.
“Sold!” said the owner. Then he 16 : He’d seen us sitting by the lake all those times; he knew how much we loved the place and that we’d 17 the years of work they had put into their home; he realized he would take a 18 by selling it to us, but it was worthwhile; we were the people they wanted to live there. He told us to consider the 19 in the price “an early wedding present.”
That’s how we found our home and how I learned that when people are 20 , they are not strangers, only friends we haven’t yet met.
1. A. needed
B. limited
C. enough
D. large
2. A. recommended
B. decorated
C. sold
D. rented
3. A. below
B. within
C. beyond
D. between
4. A. at least
B. at most
C. at times
D. at hand
5. A. relief
B. concern
C. love
D. curiosity
6. A. pride
B. happiness
C. challenge
D. desire
7. A. which
B. why
C. that
D. what
8. A. effort
B. offer
C. promise
D. profit
9. A. come across
B. look after
C. depend on
D. laugh at
10. A. instead
B. indeed
C. aside
D. apart
11. A. worse
B. better
C. less
D. higher
12. A. relaxing
B. disappointing
C. pleasant
D. regular
13. A. agents
B. buyers
C. managers
D. owners
14. A. already
B. still
C. generally
D. ever
15. A. so
B. or
C. for
D. but
16. A. apologized
B. complained
C. criticized
D. explained
17. A. check
B. analyze
C. appreciate
D. ignore
18. A. loss
B. risk
C. chance
D. lead
19. A. increase
B. difference
C. interest
D. average
20. A. kind
B. polite
C. smart
D. energetic
文章大意:作者和未婚夫准备买房结婚,但是资金有限。他们看中了一座房子,但价格很高,超出了他们的预算。因为他们真的非常喜欢这座房子,房主愿意降低价格把房子卖给他们。
1.【答案】B
选项翻译:A.需要的 B. 有限的 C. 足够的 D. 大的
解题分析:根据下文线索and none of the houses in our price range seemed satisfactory可知,作者买房子的资金有限,所以正确答案为B。
2.【答案】A
选项翻译:A.推荐 B. 装饰 C. 卖 D. 租
解题分析:根据上文线索My fiancé and I were excited about shopping for our first home和下文线索her description sounded wonderful可知,“我”和未婚夫想买房,那么应该是中介向“我们”推荐房子,所以正确答案为A。
3.【答案】C
选项翻译:A.在……下面 B. 在……里面 C. 超过 D. 在……之间
解题分析:根据下文线索so we declined可知,房子的价格超出了“我们”的预算,所以正确答案为C。
4.【答案】A
选项翻译:A.至少 B. 最多 C. 有时 D. 在手边
解题分析:根据前后语义逻辑可知,房产中介不停地劝“我们”至少去看一眼房子,所以正确答案为A。
5.【答案】C
选项翻译:A.减轻,缓和 B. 关注 C. 爱 D. 好奇
解题分析:根据下文线索It was Our Home, small and charming, overlooking a quiet lake可知,“我们”很喜欢那座房子,所以正确答案为C。
6.【答案】B
选项翻译:A.自豪 B. 快乐 C. 挑战 D. 渴望
解题分析:考查并列逻辑。根据上文线索we felt the warmth and可知,连词and后面的空格所填词应该和warmth表达相同或类似的含义,所以正确答案为B,意为“在这座房子里,我们感受到婚姻的温馨与快乐。”
7.【答案】D
选项翻译:A.哪一个 B. 为什么 C. 那个 D. 什么
解题分析:考查从句的引导词。此处是宾语从句,从句中的谓语be like后面缺少宾语,故用关系词what引导,所以正确答案为D。
8.【答案】B
选项翻译:A.努力 B. 出价 C. 许诺 D. 利润
解题分析:考查原词重现。根据下文线索far below the asking price和We made our final offer可知,此处是说“几天后,我们给出报价”,offer作名词时可以表示“开价,报价”,所以正确答案为B。
9.【答案】D
选项翻译:A.偶然遇到 B. 照顾 C. 取决于 D. 嘲笑
解题分析:考查上下文语义逻辑。前一句说“几天后,我们给出报价——远比要价低很多。”根据前后语义逻辑及本句句首的Surprisingly可知,此处是说“令人惊讶的是,房主没有嘲笑我们(资金有限)。”所以正确答案为D。
10.【答案】A
选项翻译:A.相反,代替 B. 的确 C. 在……旁边 D. 分开
解题分析:考查反义转折逻辑。根据前后语义逻辑可知,得知“我们”的出价后房主并没有嘲笑“我们”。相反,他们更新了房子的售价,所以正确答案为A。
11.【答案】C
选项翻译:A.更糟的 B. 更好的 C. 更少的 D. 更高的
解题分析:考查上下文语义逻辑。前一个分句说“这还是远远超出我们的支付能力”,后一个分句用but进行转折,意为“但是比最初的要价……得多”。根据前后语义逻辑可知,此处是说房主现在的要价比原来要低得多,所以正确答案为C。
12.【答案】B
选项翻译:A.令人放松的 B. 令人失望的 C. 令人愉快的 D. 有规律的
解题分析:根据下文线索another buyer had offered a much higher price可知,另一个买家给出了更高的价格,因此这个消息对“我们”来说应该是令人失望的,所以正确答案为B。
13.【答案】D
选项翻译:A.代理人 B. 买方 C. 经理 D. 拥有者
解题分析:考查原词重现。根据空格后的directly和上下文语义可知,“我们”决定直接跟房主谈,且第三段中提到过owners,所以正确答案为D。
14.【答案】B
选项翻译:A.已经 B. 仍然 C. 普遍地 D. 曾经
解题分析:根据前后语义逻辑可知,“我们”给出了最终的报价,前文说“我们”一开始就比另一个买家的出价低,那么此处应是说这次出的价钱仍然比另一个买家出价低几千美元,所以正确答案为B。
15.【答案】D
选项翻译:A.如此 B. 或者 C. 为了 D. 但是
解题分析:考查反义转折逻辑。根据上文线索We knew it可知,“我们”给出了最终的报价,可是仍比另一个买家的出价低很多,“我们”非常清楚这一点,但还是想试试直接跟房主谈,所以正确答案为D。
16.【答案】D
选项翻译:A.道歉 B. 抱怨 C. 指责 D. 解释
解题分析:考查上下文语义逻辑。前一句提到房主答应把房子卖给“我们”。根据前后语义逻辑可知,房主解释了为什么作者给的价格低却依然愿意卖给作者的原因,冒号后面几个分句都是房主的解释,所以正确答案为D。
17.【答案】C
选项翻译:A.检查 B. 分析 C. 珍惜;感激 D. 忽视
解题分析:根据上文线索he knew how much we loved the place可知,他(房主)知道“我们”很爱这座房子,因此判断“我们”会很珍惜他们对这座房子的付出与投入,所以正确答案为C。
18.【答案】A
选项翻译:A.损失 B. 冒险 C. 机会 D. 带领
解题分析:考查因果逻辑。房主认为作者很爱这座房子,因此会很珍惜他们对这座房子的付出与投入,所以愿意少卖点钱,承担损失,正确答案为A。
19.【答案】B
选项翻译:A.增加 B. 差额 C. 兴趣 D. 平均数
解题分析:根据前后语义逻辑可知,房主愿意以更低的价格把房子卖给作者,那部分差价(少收的钱)就当是房主提前送给作者的结婚礼金,所以正确答案为B。
20.【答案】A
选项翻译:A.友好的;仁慈的 B. 有礼貌的 C. 聪明的 D. 精力充沛的
解题分析:根据下文线索they are not strangers, only friends we haven’t yet met可知,作者这次买房的经历让她明白了,善意能让陌生人感觉像是未曾谋面的朋友,所以正确答案为A。
作者讲解
问: 完形填空中常考的逻辑关系主要有哪些?
答: 完形填空中常考的逻辑关系主要有以下4种:1. 同义并列关系;2.反义转折关系;3.举例说明;4. 因果关系。
1. 同义并列关系
完形填空中的同义并列关系通常有两种情况,一种是设空词通常和上下文中的某个词是同义或并列关系,或感情色彩是一致的,比如两者都是褒义、贬义,或者都意为“开心或悲伤”等。另一种情况是前后两个句子之间是并列关系。
▶真题再现一
Garth’s email was short , but I learned more from that 1 message than I ever did from a textbook.
1. A. accurate
B. urgent
C. brief
D. humorous
解析:
本题虽然有but,但考查的却是同义并列关系,上文提到short一词,可知该email很短,但“我”从该message中学到很多,那这个message指的就是email,而email是short的,那message也是short的。进行以上的逻辑分析后再看四个选项,能表示“简短”的只有brief一词,所以本题答案为C。
▶真题再现二
Once I knew that I was going, all I could think about was the fun of foreign travel and making all sorts of new and 1 friends. While travelling was inspiring and meeting people was 2 , nothing about my term in France was what I expected.
1. A. stubborn
B. anxious
C. universal
D. interesting
2. A. boring
B. upsetting
C. exciting
D. promising
解析:
本段的两个小题都考查上下文之间的同义并列关系。从上文已知线索the fun of foreign travel和and可知,异国之旅是有趣的,同时也能交到新的和“有趣的”朋友,所以第1题的答案为D,只有interesting能和fun语义并列。
通过上文已知线索travelling was inspiring和and可知,能和inspiring构成同义并列的词只有exciting,所以第2题答案为C。
2. 反义转折关系
设空词通常和文中的某个词是反义关系,比如褒义对贬义、快对慢、高对低等,常有but, or, however, while (表转折), although等标志词出现,有时还有un-, im-等否定前缀出现。
▶真题再现一
On the whole, our population is getting older. The changes in our population will have lasting effects on our social development and our way of life. Some people fear such changes will be for the worse, while some see 1 , not disaster .
1. A. dreams
B. chances
C. strengths
D. choices
解析:
本题的解题关键就是要了解while表示转折对比关系。上文线索提到一些人担心这些改变将会带来一些坏处,再根据下文线索not disaster可知,还有一些人看到的不是灾难,分析各选项,与“灾难”相对应的是“机会”。所以本题答案选B。选项C是强干扰项,意为“实力,优势”,但代入文中与语境不符,故排除。
▶真题再现二
The music allowed me to learn that teaching is about sharing and respect, tears and smiles , the knowing and the 1 and, most of all, an understanding of each other. This was the power that music in the classroom could have.
1. A. unprepared
B. unspoken
C. unknown
D. unforgotten
解析:
本题的解题关键在于上文所提到的tears and smiles,可以看出and前后连接的是两个语义相反的单词,应该填一个knowing的反义词unknown,所以本题答案为C。
▶真题再现三
I met Mrs. Neidl in the ninth grade on a stage-design team for a play and she was one of the directors. Almost instantly I loved her. She had an unpleasant voice and a direct way of speaking, 1 she was encouraging and inspiring . For some reason, she was impressed with my work and me.
1. A. and
B. yet
C. so
D. for
解析:
从选项的特征可以看出本题考查的是上下文之间的逻辑关系。上文说“她”的声音unpleasant,同时说话也很direct,而下文又提到“她”的话鼓舞人心(encouraging and inspiring),由此可以看出上下文之间的逻辑关系为反义转折关系,所以本题答案为B。
3. 举例说明
举例论证法比较常用,主要是通过举例来解释和说明空格处所填内容的含义,常伴随for example, such as等标志词出现,但有时也会直接举例,而不出现标志词。
▶真题再现一
Even though we can’t live forever, we are living a 1 life than ever before. In 1900 , the average American life span (寿命) was only 47 years , but today it is 75 years !
1. A. busier
B. longer
C. richer
D. happier
解析:
空格后面举例说,1900年美国人平均寿命只有47岁,而现在是75岁。以此来说明现在人类的寿命比过去长。所以答案为B。
▶真题再现二
For example, many birds have good number sense . If a nest has four eggs and you remove one, the bird will not 1 . However, if you remove two, the bird 2 leaves . This means that the bird knows the 3 between two and three.
1. A. survive
B. care
C. hatch
D. notice
2. A. generally
B. sincerely
C. casually
D. deliberately
3. A. distance
B. range
C. difference
D. interval
解析:
本段主要是通过举例来说明鸟对数字有很好的认知。第1题:通过下文已知线索However, if you remove two, the bird...leaves可知,当人们拿走一个鸟蛋的时候,小鸟是不会注意到的,所以答案为D。B不可选,因为care表示在发现情况后不在乎,而此处是说小鸟并没有发现一个鸟蛋被拿走。第2题:具体举例介绍小鸟的good number sense,如果两个鸟蛋被拿走,小鸟通常会离开,故答案为A。第3题:上文举的例子是在说明小鸟能知道数字2和3的不同,所以答案为C。
4. 因果关系
上下文的关系是因果关系,有时给出原因,求结果;有时给出结果,求原因。此类题型常伴随for, because, reason等词出现。
▶真题再现
People are living longer because more people 1 childhood. Before modern medicine changed the laws of nature, many children died of common childhood diseases .
1. A. survive
B. enjoy
C. remember
D. value
解析:
本题的解题关键是空格前的because,由上文线索People are living longer可知现在人们的寿命更长,那原因是什么呢?将选项分别代入,更多的人在童年就“幸存下来”符合语义。所以本题答案选A。另外,根据下文线索可知过去的小孩是died of common childhood diseases,与die相对应的是survive,所以现在人们应该是survive childhood,此处前后线索也体现了反义转折关系。
下面的真题中已将已知线索加粗,主要目标是训练同学们养成寻找已知线索的习惯。
It was a rainy morning and the children, mainly boys with various learning difficulties, refused to settle for the start of the lesson . As an inexperienced teacher, I tried every means to get them to be 1 , but in vain. My panic was rising and I could feel my heart beating wildly . This was the 2 of my job as a music teacher, I thought—teaching was not for me . Then I had an idea. Hoping that no one would notice that I was 3 inside, I threw my voice as far as it would reach: “Put your heads on the desks and close your 4 ! We are going on a journey.”
5 , the children fell silent . “Now what should I do?” I thought to myself. Reaching over to my collection of CDs , I blindly 6 , put it in the machine and played it .
Obediently (顺从地), my class lay their heads on their desks, closed their eyes and 7 . When the music started, the room was filled with the most beautiful tones and musical colors I could have ever imagined. All the children were 8 . When the music finished, I asked them all to raise their 9 slowly so that we could share our musical journeys.
At this point, when all the children were willing to share their experiences , I began to learn how to 10 . The music allowed me to learn that teaching is about sharing and respect, tears and smiles , the knowing and the 11 and , most of all, an understanding of each other. This was the power that 12 in the classroom could have.
1. A. glad
B. safe
C. kind
D. quiet
2. A. end
B. aim
C. rule
D. plan
3. A. guessing
B. shaking
C. responding
D. laughing
4. A. eyes
B. mouths
C. books
D. doors
5. A. Punctually
B. Importantly
C. Amazingly
D. Obviously
6. A. passed one on
B. gave one back
C. turned one in
D. took one out
7. A. slept
B. nodded
C. waited
D. continued
8. A. talking
B. singing
C. dancing
D. listening
9. A. legs
B. heads
C. arms
D. shoulders
10. A. teach
B. imagine
C. play
D. understand
11. A. unprepared
B. unspoken
C. unknown
D. unforgotten
12. A. games
B. music
C. tears
D. knowledge
Imagine the first days in a new time zone . Slow to respond to the 1 , your body clock is confused. You’re sleepy all day, but when it’s time for bed, you can hardly fall asleep . Obviously you’re 2 jet lag (时差反应).
Travelers have traditionally fought this 3 with sleeping pills or alcohol. There are actually healthier ways that can work just as 4 .
For example, the moment you get on the airplane, start 5 your biological clock to the destination’s time. If it’s daytime in your destination, try to stay 6 . Walking around the cabin (客舱) can be of help. When it’s nighttime, try to sleep . In that case, eat before the flight, 7 an empty stomach will prevent you from sleeping . These tips will help you start a new 8 of sleep and wakefulness.
1. A. flight
B. change
C. demand
D. climate
2. A. suffering from
B. working on
C. looking into
D. leading to
3. A. danger
B. problem
C. waste
D. fear
4. A. briefly
B. slowly
C. suddenly
D. effectively
5. A. checking
B. sending
C. adjusting
D. stopping
6. A. awake
B. alone
C. hungry
D. calm
7. A. though
B. so
C. while
D. or
8. A. understanding
B. cycle
C. research
D. trend
文章大意:本文讲述了作者教音乐课的一次经历。作者明白了教学的真谛在于和学生之间的相互尊重、理解与分享。
1. 【答案】D
选项翻译:A.开心的 B. 安全的 C. 友善的 D. 安静的
解题分析:根据第一段的线索refused to settle for the start of the lesson和第二段第一句的线索the children fell silent可知,作者试了各种方法让学生安静下来,但都徒劳无功,所以答案选D。
2. 【答案】A
选项翻译:A.结束 B. 目标 C. 规则 D. 计划
解题分析:根据下文线索I thought—teaching was not for me可知,作者因为无法使学生安静下来,觉得自己不适合教书,认为这是自己作为音乐老师的职业生涯的终结。所以答案选A。
3. 【答案】B
选项翻译:A.猜想 B. 颤抖 C. 回应 D. 大笑
解题分析:根据上文线索My panic was rising and I could feel my heart beating wildly可知,作者的内心其实是难以平静的,所以答案选B。
4. 【答案】A
选项翻译:A.眼睛 B. 嘴 C. 书籍 D. 门
解题分析:根据第三段开头的线索my class lay their heads on their desks, closed their eyes可知,此时作者让学生趴在桌子上,然后闭上眼睛,所以答案选A。
5. 【答案】C
选项翻译:A.准时地 B. 重要地 C. 令人惊奇地 D. 显然地
解题分析:根据下文线索the children fell silent,再结合上文学生的表现,可知作者没有想到学生会迅速安静下来,所以答案选C。
6. 【答案】D
选项翻译:A.传递一个 B. 还回一个 C. 上交一个 D. 拿出一个
解题分析:根据上文线索Reaching over to my collection of CDs和下文线索put it in the machine and played it可知,作者应该是从CD盒里面拿了一张CD出来,然后放给学生听,所以答案选D。
7. 【答案】C
选项翻译:A.睡觉 B. 点头 C. 等待 D. 继续
解题分析:根据上文线索my class lay their heads on their desk, closed their eyes和第四段开头的线索At this point, when all the children were willing to share their experiences可知,当作者准备播放音乐时,学生并没有睡着,而是在等待音乐响起,所以答案选C。
8. 【答案】D
选项翻译:A.谈话 B. 唱歌 C. 跳舞 D. 聆听
解题分析:根据上文线索可知,老师在放音乐,而学生当然是在聆听音乐,所以答案选D。
9. 【答案】B
选项翻译:A.腿 B. 头 C. 胳膊 D. 肩膀
解题分析:考查上下文语义逻辑。根据上文线索my class lay their heads on their desks可知,学生之前是趴在书桌上的,所以现在应是抬起头来,raise sb’s head表示“某人抬起头来”,所以答案选B。
10. 【答案】A
选项翻译:A.教课 B. 想象 C. 玩耍 D. 理解
解题分析:根据上下文语义线索可知,学生们从开始不愿上课,到最后跟着作者一起参与其中,这让作者开始学会了如何教学,所以答案选A。
11. 【答案】C
选项翻译:A.无准备的 B. 无言的 C. 未知的 D. 难忘的
解题分析:根据上文所提到的tears and smiles,可以看出and连接的是两个语义相反的单词,所以此处应该填knowing的反义词unknown,答案为C。
12. 【答案】B
选项翻译:A.游戏 B. 音乐 C. 眼泪 D. 知识
解题分析:考查全文主题。上文提到,这堂课的经历让作者知道,教学是老师与学生相互分享和尊重,充满了泪水和欢笑、已知与未知,最主要的是,音乐让大家相互了解,这就是音乐的力量。所以答案选B。
文章大意:本文讲述在旅行中如何调整生物钟。
1. 【答案】B
选项翻译:A.航班 B. 变化 C. 要求 D. 气候
解题分析:考查名词辨析。根据上文线索the first days in a new time zone可知,到了新的时区,如果不能很快适应时区变化,生物钟就会紊乱,所以答案选B。
2. 【答案】A
选项翻译:A.遭受 B. 从事于 C. 调查 D. 导致
解题分析:考查动词短语辨析。根据上文线索when it’s time for bed, you can hardly fall asleep可知,到了睡觉时间却睡不着,显然这是在“遭受”时差反应,所以答案选A。
3. 【答案】B
选项翻译:A.危险 B. 问题 C. 浪费 D. 恐惧
解题分析:考查名词辨析。根据上下文语义线索可知,旅行者一般会吃安眠药或喝酒来应对时差问题,所以答案选B。
4. 【答案】D
选项翻译:A.简洁地 B. 慢慢地 C. 突然地 D. 有效地
解题分析:考查副词辨析。根据上下文语境可知,此处是说,为应对倒时差问题,其实有更有益健康的方法,这些方法同吃安眠药和喝酒所达到的效果一样。完整的表达应该是work just as effectively as sleeping pills or alcohol,所以答案选D。
5. 【答案】C
选项翻译:A.检查 B. 发送 C. 调整 D. 停止
解题分析:考查动词辨析。根据下文线索可知,此处是说在上飞机前就根据目的地的时间调整生物钟,并且空格后出现了to,能与此构成固定搭配的是adjust,所以答案选C。
6. 【答案】A
选项翻译:A.醒着的 B. 独自的 C. 饥饿的 D. 平静的
解题分析:考查形容词辨析和反义逻辑。根据下文线索When it’s nighttime, try to sleep可知,如果是白天到达目的地,就要保持清醒。stay awake意为“保持清醒”,所以答案选A。
7. 【答案】D
选项翻译:A.虽然 B. 因此 C. 当……时候;然而 D. 否则;或者
解题分析:考查连词辨析和反义逻辑。根据上下文线索eat before the flight和an empty stomach will prevent you from sleeping可知,前后两个分句表示相反的含义,所以答案选D,意思是“在坐飞机前吃饭,否则,空腹无法让你入睡。”
8. 【答案】B
选项翻译:A.理解 B. 循环 C. 研究 D. 倾向,趋势
解题分析:考查名词辨析。根据上文线索,这些方法能让生物钟开始新的循环,所以答案选B。
阅读下面短文,掌握其大意,然后从各题所给出的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
Two weeks earlier, my son, Ben, had got in touch. He’d moved to England with his mum when he was three and it had been 13 years since I’d 1 seen him. So imagine my 2 when he emailed me saying he wanted to come to visit me.
I was 3 ! I arrived early at Byron Bay where we were supposed to 4 . The bay was 5 in sunshine, and there was a group of kayakers around 150m off the shore. Getting a little 6 , I realized one kayak (皮划艇) was in 7 . “Something’s not 8 !” I took off my T-shirt and 9 into the water. I saw there were two instructors on board and a man lying across the middle. He was 10 violently. Linking arms with one of the instructors, I helped 11 the young man out of the water. He was unconscious and as I looked at his face, something 12 to me. Those brown eyes were very 13 . “What’s his name?” I asked the instructor. “Ben,” he replied, and immediately I 14 that stranger was my son!
The instructors called for an ambulance. 15 , after a brief stay in hospital, Ben was well enough to be allowed to 16 and later the family met up for dinner. We chatted about everything and then Ben 17 to me. “I just want to say thank you,” he said. “You 18 my life!”
I still can’t believe what a 19 it was. I’m just so glad I was there 20 to help my son.
1. A. also
B. often
C. even
D. last
2. A. delight
B. relief
C. anger
D. worry
3. A. scared
B. shocked
C. thrilled
D. ashamed
4. A. talk
B. stay
C. meet
D. settle
5. A. bathed
B. clean
C. deep
D. formed
6. A. faster
B. closer
C. heavier
D. wiser
7. A. trouble
B. advance
C. question
D. battle
8. A. real
B. right
C. fair
D. fit
9. A. stared
B. sank
C. dived
D. fell
10. A. arguing
B. fighting
C. shouting
D. shaking
11. A. lead
B. persuade
C. carry
D. keep
12. A. happened
B. occurred
C. applied
D. appealed
13. A. sharp
B. pleasant
C. attractive
D. familiar
14. A. agreed
B. hesitated
C. doubted
D. knew
15. A. Fortunately
B. Frankly
C. Sadly
D. Suddenly
16. A. return
B. relax
C. speak
D. leave
17. A. joked
B. turned
C. listened
D. pointed
18. A. created
B. honored
C. saved
D. guided
19. A. coincidence
B. change
C. pity
D. pain
20. A. on board
B. in time
C. for sure
D. on purpose
文章大意:本文讲述了作者13年后和儿子见面的故事。在和儿子约定的见面地点,作者救了一位落水的年轻人,但没有想到的是,这位年轻人竟然是自己13年未见的儿子。作者非常开心及时救了自己的儿子。
1. 【答案】D
选项翻译:A.也 B. 经常 C. 甚至 D. 上次
解题分析:根据上文线索He’d moved to England with his mum when he was three and it had been 13 years可知,作者的儿子在三岁的时候就与妈妈一起去了英格兰,父子俩已经13年未见面了,所以此处应指离上一次见面到现在已经13年了,故正确答案为D。
2. 【答案】A
选项翻译:A.高兴 B. 轻松 C. 愤怒 D. 担心
解题分析:考查因果逻辑。上文提到作者已经13年没有见过自己的儿子了,下文又提到作者收到儿子的电子邮件,并且说要来看自己,因此作者应该感到很快乐、开心,所以正确答案为A。
3. 【答案】C
选项翻译:A.害怕的 B. 震惊的 C. 欣喜若狂的 D. 惭愧的
解题分析:考查同义逻辑。根据前后语义逻辑可知,作者已经13年没有见过自己的儿子了,现在马上就要见到儿子,作者应该感到非常兴奋、激动,所以正确答案为C。
4. 【答案】C
选项翻译:A.谈话 B. 停留 C. 见面 D. 定居
解题分析:根据上文线索he wanted to come to visit me可知,儿子在邮件中提到要来看作者,所以此处应该是作者早早来到见面地点,故正确答案为C。
5. 【答案】A
选项翻译:A.沐浴 B. 清扫 C. 深处 D. 形成
解题分析:根据常识和上下文可知,早晨的海湾应该是沐浴在阳光下,be bathed in sunshine意为“沐浴在阳光下”,为固定搭配,符合文意,所以正确答案为A。
6. 【答案】B
选项翻译:A.较快的 B. 较近的 C. 较重的 D. 较聪明的
解题分析:根据上文线索150m off the shore可知,作者离得比较远,只有靠近一些才能看清水里发生的情况,所以正确答案为B。
7. 【答案】A
选项翻译:A.麻烦 B. 进展 C. 问题 D. 斗争
解题分析:根据下文线索I saw there were two instructors on board and a man lying across the middle.可知,作者看见一位男士横躺在皮划艇中间,可见应该是皮划艇遇到麻烦了,所以正确答案为A。
8. 【答案】B
选项翻译:A.真实的 B. 正常的 C. 公平的 D. 合适的
解题分析:根据下文线索I saw there were two instructors on board and a man lying across the middle.可知,作者看到皮划艇遇到麻烦了,所以应该是感到有点不对劲,something’s not right就相当于something is wrong,故正确答案为B。
9. 【答案】C
选项翻译:A.凝视 B. 下沉 C. 跳水 D. 跌倒
解题分析:根据上文线索I took off my T-shirt及下文helped ______ the young man out of the water可知,作者应该是脱掉T恤衫跳入水中救人,所以正确答案为C。
10. 【答案】D
选项翻译:A.争论 B. 打架 C. 呼喊 D. 颤抖
解题分析:考查上下文语义逻辑。根据上文线索a man lying across the middle和下文线索He was unconscious可知,这位男士应该是在剧烈地颤抖,因此选项D符合文意。
11. 【答案】C
选项翻译:A.领导 B. 说服 C. 搬运 D. 保持
解题分析:考查上下文语义逻辑。根据下文线索out of the water可知,作者应该是帮忙把年轻人抬出水面,所以正确答案为C。
12. 【答案】B
选项翻译:A.碰巧发生 B. 发生;闪现 C. 应用 D. 吸引;呼吁
解题分析:根据下文线索That stranger was my son! 可知,当作者看着年轻人的脸时,他想起了一些事情。 occur与to连用表示“被想起”,而不是“发生”,happen后接不定式to,意为“碰巧”。所以正确答案为B。
13. 【答案】D
选项翻译:A.锐利的 B. 愉快的 C. 有吸引力的 D. 熟悉的
解题分析:根据下文线索That stranger was my son! 可知,因为这个年轻人是作者的儿子,所以作者对那双棕色的眼睛应该很熟悉,所以正确答案为D。
14. 【答案】D
选项翻译:A.同意 B. 犹豫 C. 怀疑 D. 知道
解题分析:根据下文线索That stranger was my son! 可知,当教练告诉作者这个年轻人的名字后,作者知道了这个年轻人是他的儿子,所以正确答案为D。
15. 【答案】A
选项翻译:A.幸运地 B. 坦白地 C. 悲伤地 D. 突然地
解题分析:根据下文线索Ben was well enough可知,本(作者的儿子)非常幸运很快就康复了,所以正确答案为A。
16. 【答案】D
选项翻译:A.返回 B. 放松 C. 说话 D. 离开
解题分析:根据上文线索Ben was well enough及下文later the family met up for dinner可知,本应该是被允许离开医院,所以正确答案为D。
17. 【答案】B
选项翻译:A.开玩笑 B. 转向 C. 听 D. 指出
解题分析:根据下文线索I just want to say thank you可知,本转向作者对他说谢谢,所以正确答案为B。
18. 【答案】C
选项翻译:A.创造 B. 尊敬 C. 拯救 D. 指导
解题分析:根据上文线索I helped carry the man out of the water可知,本是感谢作者救了他的命,所以正确答案为C。
19. 【答案】A
选项翻译:A.巧合 B. 改变 C. 遗憾 D. 疼痛
解题分析:考查上下文语义逻辑。根据前后语义逻辑可知,作者开始不知道落水的年轻人是他儿子,但救起来后发现是他儿子,因此纯属巧合,故正确答案为A。
20. 【答案】B
选项翻译:A.在船上 B. 及时 C. 肯定 D. 故意地
解题分析:考查上下文语义逻辑。根据前后语义逻辑可知,令作者高兴的是,幸好自己在现场,才及时救了儿子,所以正确答案为B。