第1讲
逻辑推理

[学习建议：第1天完成]

Part A：考点解读与技巧解密

Section 1: 考点解读

问： 完形填空中的逻辑推理法的核心是什么？

Section 2: 技巧解密

问： 逻辑推理法的解题关键是什么？

A.已知上文线索推断未知下文

解析：

1. 根据上文线索my only purpose was to become the star on our football team可知，“我”要成为所在足球队的球星就意味着要打败米勒·金，所以答案为B。

2. 根据上文线索可知，打败米勒·金之后“我”才能成为足球队的明星，为什么前提条件是这个？因为米勒·金是我们学校最好的球员, 所以答案为D。

3. 根据上文线索all summer long I worked out可知，“我”整个夏天都在训练，work out在此处有“训练，锻炼”的意思。另外，从文章第一段的已知线索my only purpose was to become the star on our football team也可以推断出来，要成为球星肯定需要practice，所以答案为A。

4. 根据上文线索Miller was struck by a car and lost his right arm可知，米勒出车祸后失去了右胳膊，“我”看望他应是在他从医院回来之后，所以答案为C。

5. 根据上文线索Miller was struck by a car and lost his right arm以及he came back from hospital可知，米勒出了车祸，从医院回来一定是脸色苍白，所以答案为A。

B. 已知下文线索推断未知上文

解析：

第1题的解答需要借助下文线索，从下文线索as they played against teams可知“我”女儿所在的足球队接下来要与另一支球队比赛，所以此处不可能是“赢得了锦标赛”，而是“入围了锦标赛”，所以答案为B。

第2题到第4题都需要利用下文线索her team did not get one serious shot on goal和still defeated来解答。从这两处可知，“我”女儿的球队没有进球的机会，最后的结果是输了，所以第2题应该选A，表示“痛苦的”经历；第3题选D，对方的球队赢了，可知对方应该是更训练有素的球队；第4题选B，“我”作为家长肯定不喜欢看到自己女儿所在的球队输球。

第5题需要综合上文线索playing her best和下文线索still defeated来解答，由best和defeated可知前后为语义转折关系，所以答案为C。

Section 3: 推理综合运用

在解答完形填空题时，根据具体情况，既要运用已知上文线索推断未知下文，也要运用已知下文线索推断未知上文。请看下面的真题示例：

解析：

1. 已知上文推断未知下文：根据上文线索Dad had a green comb可知本题答案为C，是原词重现。

2. 已知下文推断未知上文：根据下文的excitedly, satisfied, happily可知“我”很高兴为父亲做这件事情，所以答案为D。

3. 已知下文推断未知上文：根据下文的excitedly, satisfied, happily可知，这个枯燥的任务给“我”带来了快乐，所以答案为A。

4. 已知上文推断未知下文：根据上文中的help Daddy clean it和the tap可知，清洗梳子要打开水龙头，所以答案为D，turn on意为“打开”。turn out意为“结果是，证明是”，turn over意为“翻转”，turn in意为“交还”。

5. 已知上文推断未知下文：上文介绍“我”高兴地接受了爸爸给的任务，开心地将梳子清洗干净，所以爸爸应该是对“我”微笑，所以答案为B。laugh at意为“嘲笑”，不符合原文语境。

解析：

1. 已知上文推未知下文：根据上文线索the education department was offering a “free” course可知，教育系开办了一门免费的课程，因此去学习这门课程的人可以不用花钱，即他们可以节约一部分钱，所以正确答案为C。

2. 已知上文推未知下文：根据上文线索I’d always wanted to learn chess可知，“我”一直很想学象棋，因此对于能够免费学习象棋，“我”应该感到兴奋，所以正确答案为A。

3. 已知下文推未知上文：根据下文线索He was an international grandmaster可知，此处指的是这门课程的教师，所以正确答案为D。

4. 已知上文推未知下文：根据上文线索He was an international grandmaster可知，他是一位国际象棋大师，也就是象棋下得最好的人之一，所以正确答案为C。

5. 已知上文推未知下文：根据上文线索appealing enough to me和He was an international grandmaster可知，对于这样一位国际级别的大师，“我”应该是迫不及待地想见到他，所以正确答案为B。

解析：

1. 已知上文推未知下文：根据上文线索Raynor Winn and her husband Moth became homeless due to their wrong investment可知，这对夫妇因为投资失败导致无家可归，所以为了支付律师费，他们应该是花光了所有的积蓄，因此正确答案为B。

2. 已知上文推未知下文：根据上文线索To make matters worse可知，莫斯的情况给这对无家可归的夫妇的境况雪上加霜，因此他应该是被诊断患上了一种严重的疾病，所以正确答案为D。

3. 已知下文推未知上文：根据下文线索only pain relief可知，这种疾病治疗只能缓解疼痛，因此上文应该是说这种病没有治愈的方法，所以正确答案为A。

4. 已知下文推未知上文：根据下文线索as they caught sight of an old hikers’ guide可知，他们在看到一本旧的徒步旅行指南后决定进行一次徒步旅行，所以正确答案为B。

Part B：线索定位训练法

Section 1: 线索定位训练

下面的真题中已将已知线索加粗，主要目标是训练同学们养成寻找已知线索的习惯。

During the war, my husband was stationed at an army camp in a desert in California. I went to live there in order to be 1 him. I hated the place . I had never 2 been so unhappy. My husband was ordered out on a long-term duty, and I was left in a tiny shack (棚屋) alone . The heat was 3 — almost 125°F even in the shade of a cactus (仙人掌). 4 a soul to talk to. The wind blew non-stop, and all the food I ate, and the very air I breathed , were 5 with sand , sand, sand!

I was so sorry for myself that I wr o te to my parents . I told them I was 6 and coming back home . I said I couldn’t stand it one minute longer . I 7 be in prison! My father answered my 8 with just two lines—two lines that will always sing in my 9 — two lines that completely changed my life :

Two men looked out from prison bars,

One saw the mud, the other saw the stars.

I read those two lines 10 . I was ashamed of myself. I made up my mind I would find out what was good in my present 11 ; I would look for the stars.

I made friends with the natives, and their 12 amazed me . They gave me presents of their favorite artworks which they had 13 to sell to tourists. I studied the delightful forms of the cactus. I watched for the desert sunsets, and 14 for seashells that had been left there millions of years ago when the sands of desert had been an ocean 15 .

What brought about this 16 change in me? The desert hadn’t changed, 17 I had. I had changed my 18 . And by doing so, I changed an unhappy experience into the most amazing 19 of my life. I was excited by this new world that I had discovered. I had looked out of my self-created prison and 20 the stars.

1. A. off

B. behind

C. near

D. beyond

2. A. before

B. already

C. then

D. still

3. A. inflexible

B. incomprehensible

C. uncontrollable

D. unbearable

4. A. Only

B. Not

C. Many

D. Such

5. A. covered

B. filled

C. buried

D. charged

6. A. catching up

B. keeping up

C. giving up

D. getting up

7. A. ought to

B. might well

C. would rather

D. had better

8. A. request

B. call

C. question

D. letter

9. A. comparison

B. imagination

C. consideration

D. memory

10. A. over and over

B. by and by

C. up and down

D. now and then

11. A. company

B. occupation

C. situation

D. relationship

12. A. movement

B. reaction

C. guidance

D. purpose

13. A. refused

B. failed

C. managed

D. happened

14. A. asked

B. hunted

C. waited

D. headed

15. A. floor

B. surface

C. rock

D. level

16. A. shocking

B. challenging

C. puzzling

D. astonishing

17. A. as

B. but

C. for

D. or

18. A. attitude

B. principle

C. identity

D. standard

19. A. vacation

B. operation

C. affair

D. adventure

20. A. sought

B. counted

C. found

D. reached

Section 2: 答案详解

文章大意：作者讲述自己为了离丈夫近一些，住在他所在的沙漠军营里，寂寞的生活和艰苦的生活条件让作者难以忍受，她写信告诉父母要回家。父亲给她的回信中就两行字，但就是这两行字使作者改变了自己的人生态度。

1.【答案】C

选项翻译：A.远离　B. 在……后面　C. 靠近　D. 超过

解题分析：根据上文线索my husband was stationed at an army camp和I went to live there可知，“我”去住在丈夫的军营是为了离丈夫近些，所以答案选C。

2.【答案】A

选项翻译：A.（在……）之前　B. 已经　C. 然后　D. 仍然

解题分析：根据上文线索I hated the place可知，“我”不喜欢住在丈夫的军营，此处是说“我”之前从未如此不开心，所以答案选A。

3.【答案】D

选项翻译：A.不灵活的　B. 无法理解的　C. 无法控制的　D. 无法忍受的

解题分析：根据上文线索The heat和下文线索almost 125°F，可知那里热得让人无法忍受，所以答案选D。

4.【答案】B

选项翻译：A.仅仅　B. 没有　C. 很多　D. 这样的

解题分析：根据上文线索I was left in a tiny shack alone可知，“我”一个人被留在家里，没有人和“我”说话，所以答案选表示否定意义的B。

5.【答案】B

选项翻译：A.覆盖　B. 充满　C. 埋葬　D. 指控；要价

解题分析：根据上文线索the very air I breathed和下文出现三次的sand可知，“我”吃的食物和呼吸的空气里都充满了沙子，所以答案选B。注意选项A，be covered with意思是“被……覆盖”，空气不会被沙子覆盖住，此处用固定搭配be filled with合适。

6.【答案】C

选项翻译：A.赶上　B. 继续，持续　C. 放弃　D. 起床

解题分析：根据下文线索coming back home和I couldn’t stand it可知，“我”无法忍受军营的生活条件，打算回家，所以空格处是说“我”要放弃在军营生活，所以答案选C。

7.【答案】C

选项翻译：A.应该　B. 不妨，最好　C. 宁愿　D. 最好

解题分析：根据上文线索I couldn’t stand it one minute longer可知，此处是说，比起在沙漠中生活，“我”宁愿住在监狱里，以此强调“我”对军营生活的反感，所以答案选C。

8.【答案】D

选项翻译：A.请求　B. 电话　C. 问题　D. 信

解题分析：根据上文线索I wrote to my parents可知此处是说作者的爸爸回复了她的信，所以答案选D。

9.【答案】D

选项翻译：A. 对比　B. 想象　C. 考虑　D. 记忆

解题分析：根据下文线索two lines that completely changed my life可知，信里的这两行字完全改变了“我”的生活，那么这两行字应该是经常回荡在“我”记忆里的两行字，所以答案选D。

10.【答案】A

选项翻译：A.反复地　B. 不久以后　C. 上上下下　D. 时不时地

解题分析：根据上文线索two lines that completely changed my life可知，这两行字完全改变了“我”的生活，那么这两行字应该值得反复去阅读、品味或思索，所以答案选A。

11.【答案】C

选项翻译：A.公司；陪伴　B. 占据；职业　C. 状况，处境　D. 关系

解题分析：本题的解答要根据上文的整体语境，“我”在受到父亲的启发后，决定要挖掘自己当前处境的美好的一面，所以答案选C。

12.【答案】B

选项翻译：A.运动　B. 回应　C. 指导　D. 目的

解题分析：根据下文线索They gave me presents of their favorite artworks可知，他们送给“我”他们最喜欢的艺术品，这样的行为或回应让“我”很惊讶，所以答案选B。

13.【答案】A

选项翻译：A.拒绝　B. 失败　C. 设法完成　D. 碰巧发生

解题分析：根据上文线索amazed me和favorite artworks可知，这些艺术品是他们的最爱，他们不舍得卖给游客，所以答案选A。

14.【答案】B

选项翻译：A.寻问　B. 寻找　C. 等待　D. 前往

解题分析：根据下文线索seashells that had been left there millions of years ago可知，“我”寻找几百万年前就留在那里的贝壳，所以答案选B，hunt for意为“寻找”。

15.【答案】A

选项翻译：A.（海洋、山谷等的）底；地板　B. 表面　C. 岩石　D. 水平

解题分析：根据上文线索seashells that had been left there millions of years ago及地理知识可知，几百万年前，那里的沙漠曾经是海洋，固定搭配ocean floor意为“海床”，所以答案选A。

16.【答案】D

选项翻译：A.令人震惊的　B. 有挑战的　C. 令人困惑的　D. 令人惊讶的

解题分析：根据上文线索completely changed my life可知，“我”有了很大的改变，和当地人交流、看日落、找贝壳等，这些改变可谓十分令人惊讶，所以答案选D。shocking意为“令人震惊的”，多修饰有负面影响的事物，不符合此处语境。

17.【答案】B

选项翻译：A.正如；因为；随着　B. 但是　C. 因为　D. 或者

解题分析：根据上下文线索可知，“沙漠没有改变”和“‘我’变了”两者是语义转折关系，所以答案选B。

18.【答案】A

选项翻译：A.态度　B. 原则　C. 身份　D. 标准

解题分析：根据下文线索I changed an unhappy experience into the most amazing...可知，“我”在沙漠中生活的经历由令人不开心转变为十分精彩，究其原因是“我”改变了自己的人生态度，所以所以答案选A。

19.【答案】D

选项翻译：A.假期　B. 操作　C. 事务　D. 冒险；奇遇

解题分析：根据上一段内容可知，此处是说，“我”将不愉快的经历变成最令人惊叹的人生奇遇，adventure表示“有刺激性的经历，奇遇”，符合此处语境，所以答案选D。

20.【答案】C

选项翻译：A.寻找　B. 计算　C. 发现　D. 到达

解题分析：考查同义重现。根据上文线索I was excited by this new world that I had discovered可知，“我”已经发现了新世界，从自己创建的“牢笼”往外看，发现了星星。found为discovered的同义词，所以答案选C。

Part C：专项强化训练

Section 1: 真题精练

阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从各题所给出的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。

My fiancé (未婚夫) and I were excited about shopping for our first home. But our funds were 1 , and none of the houses in our price range seemed satisfactory.

One agent 2 a house in particular. Although her description sounded wonderful, the price was 3 our range, so we declined. But she kept urging us to have a look 4 .

We finally did and it was 5 at first sight. It was Our Home, small and charming, overlooking a quiet lake. Walking through the rooms and talking with the owners, a nice elderly couple, we felt the warmth and 6 of the marriage within that home. As perfect as it was, the price remained too high for us. But every day, we would sit by the lake, looking at the house and dreaming of 7 it would be like to live there.

Days later, we made a(n) 8 —far below the asking price. Surprisingly, they didn’t 9 us. They renewed their offer 10 . It was also much more than we could afford, but far 11 than the original asking price.

The next day, we got a 12 message that another buyer had offered a much higher price. Even so, we decided to talk with the 13 directly. We made our final offer, which 14 was thousands of dollars less than the other buyer’s bid. We knew it, 15 we had to try.

“Sold!” said the owner. Then he 16 : He’d seen us sitting by the lake all those times; he knew how much we loved the place and that we’d 17 the years of work they had put into their home; he realized he would take a 18 by selling it to us, but it was worthwhile; we were the people they wanted to live there. He told us to consider the 19 in the price “an early wedding present.”

That’s how we found our home and how I learned that when people are 20 , they are not strangers, only friends we haven’t yet met.

1. A. needed

B. limited

C. enough

D. large

2. A. recommended

B. decorated

C. sold

D. rented

3. A. below

B. within

C. beyond

D. between

4. A. at least

B. at most

C. at times

D. at hand

5. A. relief

B. concern

C. love

D. curiosity

6. A. pride

B. happiness

C. challenge

D. desire

7. A. which

B. why

C. that

D. what

8. A. effort

B. offer

C. promise

D. profit

9. A. come across

B. look after

C. depend on

D. laugh at

10. A. instead

B. indeed

C. aside

D. apart

11. A. worse

B. better

C. less

D. higher

12. A. relaxing

B. disappointing

C. pleasant

D. regular

13. A. agents

B. buyers

C. managers

D. owners

14. A. already

B. still

C. generally

D. ever

15. A. so

B. or

C. for

D. but

16. A. apologized

B. complained

C. criticized

D. explained

17. A. check

B. analyze

C. appreciate

D. ignore

18. A. loss

B. risk

C. chance

D. lead

19. A. increase

B. difference

C. interest

D. average

20. A. kind

B. polite

C. smart

D. energetic

Section 2: 答案详解

文章大意：作者和未婚夫准备买房结婚，但是资金有限。他们看中了一座房子，但价格很高，超出了他们的预算。因为他们真的非常喜欢这座房子，房主愿意降低价格把房子卖给他们。

1.【答案】B

选项翻译：A.需要的　B. 有限的　C. 足够的　D. 大的

解题分析：根据下文线索and none of the houses in our price range seemed satisfactory可知，作者买房子的资金有限，所以正确答案为B。

2.【答案】A

选项翻译：A.推荐　B. 装饰　C. 卖　D. 租

解题分析：根据上文线索My fiancé and I were excited about shopping for our first home和下文线索her description sounded wonderful可知，“我”和未婚夫想买房，那么应该是中介向“我们”推荐房子，所以正确答案为A。

3.【答案】C

选项翻译：A.在……下面　B. 在……里面　C. 超过　D. 在……之间

解题分析：根据下文线索so we declined可知，房子的价格超出了“我们”的预算，所以正确答案为C。

4.【答案】A

选项翻译：A.至少　B. 最多　C. 有时　D. 在手边

解题分析：根据前后语义逻辑可知，房产中介不停地劝“我们”至少去看一眼房子，所以正确答案为A。

5.【答案】C

选项翻译：A.减轻，缓和　B. 关注　C. 爱　D. 好奇

解题分析：根据下文线索It was Our Home, small and charming, overlooking a quiet lake可知，“我们”很喜欢那座房子，所以正确答案为C。

6.【答案】B

选项翻译：A.自豪　B. 快乐　C. 挑战　D. 渴望

解题分析：考查并列逻辑。根据上文线索we felt the warmth and可知，连词and后面的空格所填词应该和warmth表达相同或类似的含义，所以正确答案为B，意为“在这座房子里，我们感受到婚姻的温馨与快乐。”

7.【答案】D

选项翻译：A.哪一个　B. 为什么　C. 那个　D. 什么

解题分析：考查从句的引导词。此处是宾语从句，从句中的谓语be like后面缺少宾语，故用关系词what引导，所以正确答案为D。

8.【答案】B

选项翻译：A.努力　B. 出价　C. 许诺　D. 利润

解题分析：考查原词重现。根据下文线索far below the asking price和We made our final offer可知，此处是说“几天后，我们给出报价”，offer作名词时可以表示“开价，报价”，所以正确答案为B。

9.【答案】D

选项翻译：A.偶然遇到　B. 照顾　C. 取决于　D. 嘲笑

解题分析：考查上下文语义逻辑。前一句说“几天后，我们给出报价——远比要价低很多。”根据前后语义逻辑及本句句首的Surprisingly可知，此处是说“令人惊讶的是，房主没有嘲笑我们（资金有限）。”所以正确答案为D。

10.【答案】A

选项翻译：A.相反，代替　B. 的确　C. 在……旁边　D. 分开

解题分析：考查反义转折逻辑。根据前后语义逻辑可知，得知“我们”的出价后房主并没有嘲笑“我们”。相反，他们更新了房子的售价，所以正确答案为A。

11.【答案】C

选项翻译：A.更糟的　B. 更好的　C. 更少的　D. 更高的

解题分析：考查上下文语义逻辑。前一个分句说“这还是远远超出我们的支付能力”，后一个分句用but进行转折，意为“但是比最初的要价……得多”。根据前后语义逻辑可知，此处是说房主现在的要价比原来要低得多，所以正确答案为C。

12.【答案】B

选项翻译：A.令人放松的　B. 令人失望的　C. 令人愉快的　D. 有规律的

解题分析：根据下文线索another buyer had offered a much higher price可知，另一个买家给出了更高的价格，因此这个消息对“我们”来说应该是令人失望的，所以正确答案为B。

13.【答案】D

选项翻译：A.代理人　B. 买方　C. 经理　D. 拥有者

解题分析：考查原词重现。根据空格后的directly和上下文语义可知，“我们”决定直接跟房主谈，且第三段中提到过owners，所以正确答案为D。

14.【答案】B

选项翻译：A.已经　B. 仍然　C. 普遍地　D. 曾经

解题分析：根据前后语义逻辑可知，“我们”给出了最终的报价，前文说“我们”一开始就比另一个买家的出价低，那么此处应是说这次出的价钱仍然比另一个买家出价低几千美元，所以正确答案为B。

15.【答案】D

选项翻译：A.如此　B. 或者　C. 为了　D. 但是

解题分析：考查反义转折逻辑。根据上文线索We knew it可知，“我们”给出了最终的报价，可是仍比另一个买家的出价低很多，“我们”非常清楚这一点，但还是想试试直接跟房主谈，所以正确答案为D。

16.【答案】D

选项翻译：A.道歉　B. 抱怨　C. 指责　D. 解释

解题分析：考查上下文语义逻辑。前一句提到房主答应把房子卖给“我们”。根据前后语义逻辑可知，房主解释了为什么作者给的价格低却依然愿意卖给作者的原因，冒号后面几个分句都是房主的解释，所以正确答案为D。

17.【答案】C

选项翻译：A.检查　B. 分析　C. 珍惜；感激　D. 忽视

解题分析：根据上文线索he knew how much we loved the place可知，他（房主）知道“我们”很爱这座房子，因此判断“我们”会很珍惜他们对这座房子的付出与投入，所以正确答案为C。

18.【答案】A

选项翻译：A.损失　B. 冒险　C. 机会　D. 带领

解题分析：考查因果逻辑。房主认为作者很爱这座房子，因此会很珍惜他们对这座房子的付出与投入，所以愿意少卖点钱，承担损失，正确答案为A。

19.【答案】B

选项翻译：A.增加　B. 差额　C. 兴趣　D. 平均数

解题分析：根据前后语义逻辑可知，房主愿意以更低的价格把房子卖给作者，那部分差价（少收的钱）就当是房主提前送给作者的结婚礼金，所以正确答案为B。

20.【答案】A

选项翻译：A.友好的；仁慈的　B. 有礼貌的　C. 聪明的　D. 精力充沛的

解题分析：根据下文线索they are not strangers, only friends we haven’t yet met可知，作者这次买房的经历让她明白了，善意能让陌生人感觉像是未曾谋面的朋友，所以正确答案为A。 CmUZp1t85X6F05BDVti+k5sYR/EnNs+/B9f5eI1fIJyyySOIN2b4rngtAZYTmPQm