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第二节

冠词的基本用法

冠词可分三种类型:不定冠词、定冠词以及零冠词(不使用冠词)。

考点3:不定冠词的基本用法

不定冠词a (其后的单词为元音开头时要改用an)与数词one 同源,本义是“一个”,但不定冠词在表示“一”的概念时是非强调性的,如果要强调“一”这一数量最好使用one。不定冠词在高考中的基本用法包括两方面:

1.泛指某一具体的人或事物。

例如:He is an old doctor. 他是一名老医生。// A Mr. Chen came to see you this morning. 一位姓陈的先生今天上午来看过你。// She is now a different China from what she was twenty years ago. 现在的中国和20年前大不一样。

■语法考点运用实例·典型单选题

[例1] Being able to afford ____ drink would be ____ comfort in those tough times.

A. the; the

B. a; a

C. a; 不填

D. 不填; a

[答案] B

[解析] 题干句意为:在那些难熬的时光中,能买得起一杯饮料是一个莫大的安慰。物质名词和抽象名词一般为不可数名词,但有时它们可以转化为具体的事物,称作抽象名词的具体化,此时可以和不定冠词连用,如本题中a drink表示“一杯饮料”,a comfort表示“一件令人感到安慰的事情”。

[例2] Experts think that ____ recently discovered painting may be ____ Picasso.

A. the; 不填

B. a; the

C. a; 不填

D. the; a

[答案] D

[解析] 题干的句意为:专家们认为,最近发现的这幅画作可能是一幅毕加索的作品。第一个下划线处应填入表示特指的定冠词the,第二个下划线处应填入不定冠词,用以泛指毕加索的众多作品之一。注意:“不定冠词+人名”通常有两种含义:一是指“一位名叫……的人”;二是指“某人的一件作品”。

2.用于某些固定词组中。

例如:once upon a time 从前

an hour or two 一两个小时

a long time 很长时间

a few 有几个

a little 有一点

考点4:定冠词的基本用法

定冠词the与指示代词this、that同源,有“这(那)”的意思,但语气较弱。定冠词在高考中的基本用法如下:

1.用于说话人和听话人心中都了解的人或事物之前,表示特指。

例如:I bought a skirt yesterday. The skirt is very beautiful. 我昨天买了一条裙子,那条裙子非常漂亮

注意:定冠词可以用于表示世界上独一无二的事物(包括用于表示“被发明的事物”的单数名词前)。例如:the moon,the world。若在此类事物前使用不定冠词,则表示某种具体状态,例如:a new moon 一轮新月。

■语法考点运用实例·典型单选题

[例1] This area experienced ____ heaviest rainfall in ____ month of May.

A. 不填; a

B. a; the

C. the; the

D. the; a

[答案] C

[解析] 第一个下划线处之后为形容词最高级形式,应与定冠词连用;第二个下划线处之后为表示特指的“五月份”,也应与定冠词连用。

2.在最高级前、某些固定词组、习惯用法中必须用定冠词。

例如:in the morning/afternoon/evening,in the end,by the way

[例2] As is known to all, ____ People'republic of China is ____ biggest developing country in the world.

A. the; 不填

B. 不填; the

C. the; the

D. 不填; 不填

[答案] C

[解析] 第一个下划线处应填入定冠词表示对“中华人民共和国”这一专有名词的特指;第二个下划线处应填入定冠词与后面的形容词最高级连用。

[例3] We are said to be living in ____ Information Age, ____ time of new discoveries and great changes.

A. an; the

B. 不填; the

C. 不填; a

D. the; a

[答案] D

[解析] 第一个下划线处应填入定冠词,the Information Age前加定冠词为固定用法;第二个下划线处应填入不定冠词泛指“一个充满新发现和巨大变化的时代”。

考点5:零冠词的基本用法

不使用冠词的情况在语法上被称为零冠词,使用零冠词的情况主要有:

1.表泛指的不可数名词和复数名词前不用冠词。

例如:Everyone needs fresh air. 人人都需要新鲜空气 。// Failure is the mother of success. 失败是成功之母 。// Children like cartoons. 孩子们喜欢卡通

2.在用于泛指时,表示三餐、球类或棋类运动、学科的名词以及表示季节、年份、月份、星期、节假日等时间的名词前不用冠词。

例如:Do you have a rest after lunch? 你午饭后休息一会儿吗 ?// They are fond of playing basketball. 他们喜欢打篮球 。// Spring is the best season of the year. 一年之计在于春 。// I was born in April. 我在4月出生 。// We have no classes on Sunday/Children'day. 我们星期天/儿童节没有课

3.在某些固定词组、习惯搭配中,名词前不用冠词。

例如:on foot, at home, at night, in danger, for example。要特别注意某些介词连接相同或相对的名词而形成的固定词组,例如:face to face, hand in hand, side by side, step by step。

■语法考点运用实例·典型单选题

[例1] Sarah looked at ____ finished painting with ____ satisfaction.

A. 不填; a

B. a; the

C. the; 不填

D. the; a

[答案] C

[解析] 题干句意为:莎拉满意地看着那幅已经完成的画。第一个下划线处应用定冠词表示特指;“with satisfaction(满意地)”是固定短语,第二个下划线处应选“不填”。

[例2] There are over 58,000 rocky objects in ____ space, about 900 of which could fall down onto ____ earth.

A. the; the

B. 不填; the

C. the; 不填

D. a; the

[答案] B

[解析] 题干句意为:太空中有超过58000个岩质物体,其中大约900个有可能掉到地球上。第一个下划线后接泛指“太空”的不可数名词space,不需冠词修饰;第二个下划线后接特指地球的earth,必须填入定冠词。

[例3] Sam has been appointed ____ manager of the engineering department to take ____ place of George.

A. 不填; 不填

B. the; 不填

C. the; the

D. 不填; the

[答案] D

[解析] 题干句意为:山姆被任命为工程部经理,取代了乔治。表示官衔、职位的词作补足语时前面通常不加冠词,题干中“manager”表示职务,作主语补足语,其前面不需要加冠词;take the place of是固定短语,意为“代替,取代”。

本章补充强化训练题

1. Although he talked half an hour, he couldn't give us a good ____ of the reason why he did it.

A. idea

B. explanation

C. sense

D. understanding

2. John'record was not so good as ____ on the team.

A. all the players

B. any other player's

C. other players

D. any player's

3. As we all know, ____ knowledge comes from ____ practice.

A. the; the

B. a; a

C. the; 不填

D. 不填; 不填

4. Of all the subjects, I like ____ history best because it gives us ____ useful knowledge of things in the past.

A. the; a

B. 不填; a

C. a; the

D. a; 不填

5. ____ the manager?

A. Who is in place of

B. Who is in the place of

C. Who shall take the place of

D. Who will take place of

6.“____ breakfast is well cooked”, he said just after ____ breakfast.

A. 不填; 不填

B. The; 不填

C. 不填; the

D. The; the

7. Mr. Paul, his new teacher of ____ French, is ____ European.

A. the; 不填

B. 不填; the

C. 不填; an

D. 不填; a

8. Please pay special attention to ____ idioms of ____ English Language.

A. the; the

B. 不填; the

C. the; 不填

D. 不填; 不填

9.— What did you think of the house?

— I didn't care for it at ____ first, but after ____ time I got to like it.

A. 不填; the

B. the; a

C. the; 不填

D. 不填; a

10. He worked without ____ success. As a doctor, he was not ____ success.

A. a; a

B. much; 不填

C. much; a

D. a; much

11. Qingdao is ____ most beautiful coastal city and I believe I will come for ____ second visit.

A. the; a

B. a; a

C. the; the

D. a; the

12. I don't think it right that ____ honest man who married and brought up a large family did more service than he who continued single and only talked of ____ population.

A. a; 不填

B. an; 不填

C. a; the

D. an; the

本章补充强化训练题参考答案

1. B 2. B 3. D 4. B 5. A 6. B 7. D 8. A 9. D 10. C 11. A 12. D z4vMnP3KnVo32upOJxBlI72DwV5fku+fBoEmf4wc/TeUGJ58204lpl2Oj3hiY+te

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