第三节

形容词和副词的比较等级的基本用法

多数形容词、副词可以进行比较，形容词和副词的比较等级分为原级、比较级、最高级三种。

考点20：形容词、副词的比较等级的构成

1.形容词比较级和最高级的构成方法

（1）单音节形容词比较级和最高级的规则形式：

①若无特殊情况，单音节形容词通常以加词尾-er和-est的方式分别构成其比较级和最高级。例如：tall—taller—tallest。

②以-e结尾的形容词，加词尾-r和-st，例如：large—larger—largest。

③以一个辅音字母结尾的闭音节单音节词，双写结尾的辅音字母，再加词尾-er、-est。例如：big—bigger—biggest；glad—gladder—gladdest。

④以“辅音字母+y”结尾的单音节词，改y为i，再加词尾-er、-est。例如：icy—icier—iciest。

（2）双音节形容词或更多音节的形容词通常都以在前面分别加more、most构成比较级、最高级，例如：foolish—more foolish—most foolish；beautiful —more beautiful—most beautiful。

2.副词比较级和最高级的构成法

（1）单音节副词比较级和最高级的规则形式：若无特殊情况，单音节副词通常以加词尾-er和-est的方式分别构成其比较级和最高级。例如：low—lower—lowest；loud—louder—loudest。

（2）双音节及多音节副词，特别是以-ly结尾的副词，通常都以在前面分别加more、most构成比较级、最高级，例如：wisely—more wisely—most wisely；beautifully—more beautifully—most beautifully。

但以下几个频率副词例外：

seldom—seldomer—seldomest；

early—earlier—earliest；

often—oftener—oftenest。

高考中常见的形容词比较级和最高级的不规则变化请参见下表：

高考中常见的副词比较级和最高级的不规则变化请参见下表：

■语法考点运用实例·典型单选题

［例1］ — How was your recent trip to Sichuan?

— I've never had ____ one before.

A. a pleasant

B. a more pleasant

C. a most pleasant

D. the most pleasant

［答案］ B

［解析］ 第二句句意为：我从没有过比这次更快乐的旅行。言外之意是，这次四川之旅是最快乐的。not、never等否定词与比较级连用表达最高级意义，选项B最合乎题意。

［例2］ It is ____ to spend money on preventing illnesses by promoting healthy living rather than spending it trying to make people ____ after they are ill.

A. good; good

B. well; better

C. better; better

D. better; good

［答案］ C

［解析］ 题干中it是形式主语，真正的主语是由to spend引导的动词不定式短语，题干的句意为：与其把钱花在让病人康复上，倒不如把钱花在通过促进健康的生活来预防疾病上。注意：题干中出现的rather than是固定短语，意为“与其（说）……，不如（说）……”。

［例3］ You're driving too fast. Can you drive ____?

A. more slowly a bit

B. slowly a bit more

C. a bit more slowly

D. slowly more a bit

［答案］ C

［解析］ 题干的句意为：你把车开得太快了，你能开慢点吗？slowly的比较级应在前面加more，而a bit修饰比较级应放在比较级的前面。注意：比较级之前可用a bit、a little、a lot、much、far、even等修饰。

考点21：原级比较的表达方式总结

高考中进行原级比较的标准表达结构为：as+形容词或副词原级（+名词）+as。该结构中的第一个as为副词，表示“同样地”；第二个as为连词，其后要接一个句子，但句子经常以省略形式出现。例如：He has done as much housework as you have. 他已经完成的作业跟你已经完成的作业一样多。（第二个as后省去了跟前面一致的谓语部分的实义动词done，保留了助动词have）// It is as cold in Nanning as in Beijing. 南京和北京一样寒冷。（第二个as后省去了跟前面一致的主语和谓语“it is”，只剩下地点状语“in Beijing”）

原级比较的否定形式是：“not as/so+形容词或副词原级+as”。例如：English is not so difficult as Latin. 英语没有拉丁语那么难。// He doesn't run as fast as he used to. 他没有原来跑得快了。

■语法考点运用实例·典型单选题

［例1］ This training program can give you a lift at work, ____ increase your income by 40%.

A. as well as

B. so long as

C. so much as

D. as soon as

［答案］ A

［解析］ 题干句意为：这个培训计划除了可以提高你的收入40%之外，还能够让你在工作方面得到提升。同级比较形式的as well as常用来表示“除……之外（还有）”，最适合题意；B选项意为“只要”，C选项意为“与……一样多”，D选项意为“一……就”，均不符合题意。

［例2］ I have seldom seen my mother ____ pleased with my progress as she is now.

A. so

B. very

C. too

D. rather

［答案］ A

［解析］ 题干的句意为：我很少看到妈妈像现在这样为我的进步如此开心。在否定句或表示否定意义的句中，表示“像……一样”的“as ... as ...”中的前一个as可以被so代替。

考点22：比较级的表达方式总结

表示在两者中一方比另一方“更加……”，通常采用如下结构：形容词或副词的比较级+than（连词than引出的句子中，与前面重复的部分经常被省略）。例如：The white collar workers earn more than the blue workers do. 白领工人比蓝领工人赚得多。（than后的句子中省去了实义动词形式的谓语，以助动词代之）

There are more books in this library than in that library. 这个图书馆的书比那个图书馆的书多。（than后省去了与前面一致的主语和谓语there are many books，保留了状语）

She is much better than yesterday. 她比昨天好多了。（than后省去了与前面一致的主语和谓语she was，保留了状语）

如果意思明确，整个than引出的从句都可省略，例如：You should have come earlier （than you did）. 你应该早些来。

注意：名词前的比较级通常不需要than引出的从句，例如：The bigger students sometimes bullied the smaller ones. 年龄大一些的学生有时欺负年龄比他们小的学生。

■语法考点运用实例·典型单选题

［例1］ The result is not very important to us, but if we do win, then so much ____.

A. the best

B. best

C. better

D. the better

［答案］ D

［解析］ 题干句意为：结果对我们来说并非那么重要，但是如果我们真的赢了，那就再好不过了。so much the better（那再好不过了）是常见的固定短语。

［例2］ Though he started late, Mr. Guo played the piano as well as, if ____, Miss Liu.

A. not better than

B. not better

C. no better than

D. no better

［答案］ A

［解析］ 下划线处与if构成插入语，与前面表示原级比较的as well as共用同一个比较的对象——Miss Liu，因此下划线处应带上than，由此排除选项B、D；由于no better than表示的意思是“前后两者都不好”（例如：His study is no better than her. 他和她学习都不怎么好。），不符合题意，由此进一步排除C而选出A。注意：no better than还可以表示其他含义，其后面接名词时指“几乎等于”，例如：He is no better than a beggar. 他简直是个乞丐。

考点23：最高级的表达方式总结

表示在三个（或三个以上的）人或事物中的最高程度，其通用结构是：the+形容词或副词的最高级+比较范围。

形容词最高级与副词最高级之间的重要区别在于：形容词最高级前通常要加定冠词the，副词最高级前一般不加the。例如：China has the largest population in the world. 中国是世界上人口最多的国家。// Mr. White works hardest in the company. 怀特先生在公司里工作最努力。

注意：如果形容词最高级前有不定冠词、物主代词等其他限定词，也不需加定冠词，例如：Tuesday is our busiest day. 周二是我们最忙的日子。

■语法考点运用实例·典型单选题

［例］ Alan is a careful driver, but he drives ____ of my friends. （2007上海）

A. more carefully

B. the most carefully

C. less carefully

D. the least carefully

［答案］ D

［解析］ 下划线后面表示范围的“of my friends”表明下划线处应采用最高级形式，由此排除选项A、C；由于下划线处之前有but表示转折，故下划线处应表示“最不小心地”而不是“最小心地”，因此进一步排除B而选出D。

本章补充强化训练题

1. Look! There are lots of ____ birds flying over the trees.

A. funny red little

B. funny little red

C. little funny red

D. little red funny

2. The football match was televised ____ from the People'stadium.

A. lively

B. living

C. live

D. alive

3. Reading without stop is a ____ piece of work.

A. tire

B. tired

C. tiresome

D. troubled

4. The ____ look on her face suggested that she ____ angry.

A. surprising; was

B. surprising; is

C. surprised; was

D. surprising; should be

5. Please pay ____ attention to your spelling while you are writing.

A. suitable

B. special

C. low

D. closely

6.— Thank you very much.

— You are welcome. I was ____ glad to help.

A. too much

B. only too

C. not so

D. very much

7. Please don't let the boy who is ____ go and do anything for you.

A. not strong enough

B. not strong enough to

C. so weak as to

D. too weak to

8. She said her interest ____ lay in collecting stamps.

A. mostly

B. mainly

C. most

D. best

9. It's ____ a cold day. It's ____ impossible for the children to go out to play.

A. very; very

B. rather; quite

C. such; rather

D. too; quite

10. She felt very angry about the traffic accident, looking ____ at the rude driver.

A. worried

B. happily

C. coldly

D. excited

11.— My mathematics is very poor.

— Don't worry. I'll help you ____ I can.

A. as far as

B. as soon as

C. as quickly as

D. as possible as

12.— It'six o'clock and your father is still at the office.

— I know. Who else would ____ he does?

A. be as hard-working as

B. be working harder than

C. do harder work than

D. work as hard as

13. Growing corn doesn't need ____ growing rice.

A. as much water as

B. as much water like

C. much water as

D. too much water as

14. This kind of paper was as soft and light as silk but ____ expensive.

A. much less

B. much little

C. many less

D. much more than

15. The higher the birds flew, ____ we could see them.

A. less clearly

B. the less clearly

C. more clear

D. more clearly

16. Betty's English is ____ than ____ in the class.

A. much better; anyone else

B. far better; anyone else's

C. a lot better; anyone's else

D. a great deal better; anyone's else's

17.— What do you think of Mr. Wang's teaching?

— Oh, no one else teaches ____.

A. better

B. well

C. best

D. the best

18. I won't love you ____ even if you fail in the coming exam.

A. any more

B. any less

C. no more

D. no less

本章补充强化训练题参考答案

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